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Digital Gamma Gamma Coincidence Measurements For Neutron Activation Analysis
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Book Synopsis Digital Gamma-gamma Coincidence Measurements for Neutron Activation Analysis by : Francis Jude Martinez
Download or read book Digital Gamma-gamma Coincidence Measurements for Neutron Activation Analysis written by Francis Jude Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to perform low level counting, specifically gamma spectroscopy, for unknown radionuclides provides some challenges. In many cases, the ability to assess a material requires the use of neutron activation analysis (NAA) to excite the unknown sample to allow for the use of gamma ray measurement techniques to determine the radionuclides that are present. Quite often, the ability to identify unique gamma rays is challenging due to the fact that many radionuclides have gamma rays that have energies that are nearby other gamma rays from other radionuclides. The Compton continuum and high background radiation levels also contribute to the difficulty to make these measurements. This research has explored the use of an advanced digital gamma-gamma coincidence system, XIA Pixie-16, for use in neutron activation analysis. The reason for performing this research is that, although gamma-gamma coincidence in NAA is not a new area of research, there has not been a comprehensive study of the use of gamma-gamma coincidence for all NAA products. This research has the potential to benefit research and experiments that utilize NAA techniques for identifying unknown samples. The new XIA Pixie-16 system was first assembled and characterized. It was then used to perform measurements for all applicable short-lived, medium-lived and long-lived NAA products. The gamma-gamma coincidence system was utilized to identify radionuclides in different samples that have been demonstrated to be difficult to identify using standard gamma spectroscopy techniques. A thorough evaluation of the results of this research should serve as a reference for all future NAA research
Book Synopsis Angular Correlation of Gamma-gamma Coincidence Measurements for Neutron Activation Analysis by : Kevin George Smith
Download or read book Angular Correlation of Gamma-gamma Coincidence Measurements for Neutron Activation Analysis written by Kevin George Smith and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Coincidence Techniques in Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis by :
Download or read book Investigation of Coincidence Techniques in Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After configuring the proper electronic system to be used, the initial observations of the gamma-gamma coincidence approach were presented. These observations included hydrogen peak elimination, background and sum peak elimination, pulse pile up reduction, and two dimensional spectra. Three practical applications of the coincidence counting approach were presented in this work. The first application was performing elemental analysis for a mixture of radioisotopes using Library Least Squares (LLS). The LLS was applied to the coincidence data as well as the normal single detector data. The coincidence results showed to be much closer to the original activity values of the radioisotopes than the singles. In addition, the coincidence approach greatly reduced the background, summing, and pulse pile up effects. The second application was the two dimensional diagonal summing. The main advantages from this application were improving the peak resolution and greatly reducing the background (Compton Continuum). In addition, it was shown that different diagonal sums can be examined by use of the same set of data from the current electronic system (and software). The two dimensional diagonal summing was used for identifying coincidence schemes and for elemental analysis. The obtained spectra showed to be very promising and could be effectively used for these purposes. The third practical application was using a new NaI detector arrangement. The arrangement was designed to deal with the problem of the low detection probability of the high energy gamma rays of interest in the oil well logging industry. This arrangement consisted of two NaI detectors, one of which was a well type. The detectors were designed to fit in each other. Coincidence data were collected using this new arrangement. The results show that this new arrangement enhances the count rate in the coincidence data, thus increasing the Signal to Noise Ratio, as opposed to two separate detector setups. Finally, a Monte.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis by : G. Molnar
Download or read book Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis written by G. Molnar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-23 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) is a unique, non-destructive nuclear analytical method with multi-element capabilities. It is most effective if intense neutron beams (especially cold beams) of nuclear reactors are used to induce the prompt gamma radiation. Based largely on the authors' pioneering research in cold neutron PGAA, the handbook describes the methodology in self-contained manner and reviews recent applications. The library of prompt gamma ray data and spectra for all natural elements is a unique aid to the practitioner. The level is understandable by a broad audience, which facilitates teaching and training. The Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis is a comprehensive handbook written for those practising the method, wanting to implement it at a reactor facility, or just looking for a powerful non-destructive method of element analysis. The book is also useful for nuclear physics, chemistry and engineering scientists, scholars and graduate students interested in neutron-induced gamma ray spectroscopy and nuclear analytical methods.
Book Synopsis Gamma-gamma Coincidence Counting Applied to Chlorine Analysis by Neutron Activation by : E. T. Bramlitt
Download or read book Gamma-gamma Coincidence Counting Applied to Chlorine Analysis by Neutron Activation written by E. T. Bramlitt and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Monte Carlo Code for Coincidence Prompt Gamma-ray Neutron Activation Analysis by :
Download or read book Development of Monte Carlo Code for Coincidence Prompt Gamma-ray Neutron Activation Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prompt Gamma-Ray Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) offers a non-destructive, relatively rapid on-line method for determination of elemental composition of bulk and other samples. However, PGNAA has an inherently large background. These backgrounds are primarily due to the presence of the neutron excitation source. It also includes neutron activation of the detector and the prompt gamma rays from the structure materials of PGNAA devices. These large backgrounds limit the sensitivity and accuracy of PGNAA. Since Most of the prompt gamma rays from the same element are emitted in coincidence, a possible approach for further improvement is to change the traditional PGNAA detection technique and introduce the gamma-gamma coincidence technique. It is well known that the coincidence technique can eliminate most of the interference backgrounds and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. A new Monte Carlo code CEARCPG is being developed at CEAR to predict coincidence counting in coincidence PGNAA. Compared to the other existing Monte Carlo code, a new algorithm of sampling the prompt gamma rays, which are produced from neutron capture reaction and neutron inelastic scattering reaction, is developed in this work. All the prompt gamma rays are taken into account by using this new algorithm. Before this work, the commonly used method is to interpolate the prompt gamma rays from the pre-calculated gamma-ray table. It works fine for the single spectrum. However it limits the capability to simulate the coincidence spectrum. This new algorithm is to sample the prompt gamma rays from the nucleus scheme. It makes possible to simulate the coincidence spectrum by using Monte Carlo method. The primary nuclear data library used to sample the prompt gamma rays comes from ENSDF library. Three cases are simulated and the simulated results are checked with the experiments. The first case is the prototype for ETI PGNAA application. This case is designed to check the capability of CEARCPG for sing.
Book Synopsis Coincidence Prompt Gamma-Ray Neutron Activation Analysis by :
Download or read book Coincidence Prompt Gamma-Ray Neutron Activation Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The normal prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis for either bulk or small beam samples inherently has a small signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio due primarily to the neutron source being present while the sample signal is being obtained. Coincidence counting offers the possibility of greatly reducing or eliminating the noise generated by the neutron source. The present report presents our results to date on implementing the coincidence counting PGNAA approach. We conclude that coincidence PGNAA yields: (1) a larger signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, (2) more information (and therefore better accuracy) from essentially the same experiment when sophisticated coincidence electronics are used that can yield singles and coincidences simultaneously, and (3) a reduced (one or two orders of magnitude) signal from essentially the same experiment. In future work we will concentrate on: (1) modifying the existing CEARPGS Monte Carlo code to incorporate coincidence counting, (2) obtaining coincidence schemes for 18 or 20 of the common elements in coal and cement, and (3) optimizing the design of a PGNAA coincidence system for the bulk analysis of coal.
Book Synopsis Der Graf von Struensee oder die Zusammenrottung von Dänemark by :
Download or read book Der Graf von Struensee oder die Zusammenrottung von Dänemark written by and published by . This book was released on 1772 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Imaging Neutron Activation Analysis and Multiplexed Gamma-ray Spectrometry by : Yuni K. Dewaraja
Download or read book Imaging Neutron Activation Analysis and Multiplexed Gamma-ray Spectrometry written by Yuni K. Dewaraja and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gamma Ray Spectra and Sensitivites for 14 MeV Neutron Activation Analysis by : M. Cuypers
Download or read book Gamma Ray Spectra and Sensitivites for 14 MeV Neutron Activation Analysis written by M. Cuypers and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis NEUTRON ACTIVATION SPECTROMETRY USING FISSION SPECTRUM NEUTRONS AND GAMMA-GAMMA COINCIDENCE TECHNIQUES.. by : CATHY MARCELLA WYSOCKI
Download or read book NEUTRON ACTIVATION SPECTROMETRY USING FISSION SPECTRUM NEUTRONS AND GAMMA-GAMMA COINCIDENCE TECHNIQUES.. written by CATHY MARCELLA WYSOCKI and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neutron Generators for Analytical Purposes by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Neutron Generators for Analytical Purposes written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA Radiation Technology Repo. This book was released on 2012 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication addresses recent developments in neutron generator (NG) technology. It presents information on compact instruments with high neutron yield to be used for neutron activation analysis (NAA) and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis in combination with high count rate spectrometers. Traditional NGs have been shown to be effective for applications including borehole logging, homeland security, nuclear medicine and the on-line analysis of aluminium, coal and cement. Pulsed fast thermal neutron analysis, as well as tagged and timed neutron analysis, are additional techniques which can be applied using NG. Furthermore, NG can effectively be used for elemental analysis and is also effective for analysis of hidden materials by neutron radiography. Useful guidelines for developing NG based research laboratories are also provided in this publication.
Book Synopsis Applied Ge(Li) Gamma-ray Spectroscopy by : J. A. Cooper
Download or read book Applied Ge(Li) Gamma-ray Spectroscopy written by J. A. Cooper and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prompt and Delay Gamma Ray Measurements for 'in-vivo' Neutron Activation Analysis Using a Cyclic System by : E. P. Matthews
Download or read book Prompt and Delay Gamma Ray Measurements for 'in-vivo' Neutron Activation Analysis Using a Cyclic System written by E. P. Matthews and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Drug Metabolism, Third Edition by : Paul G. Pearson
Download or read book Handbook of Drug Metabolism, Third Edition written by Paul G. Pearson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of a bestseller, this book presents the latest innovative research methods that help break new ground by applying patterns, reuse, and design science to research. The book relies on familiar patterns to provide the solid fundamentals of various research philosophies and techniques as touchstones that demonstrate how to innovate research methods. Filled with practical examples of applying patterns to IT research with an emphasis on reusing research activities to save time and money, this book describes design science research in relation to other information systems research paradigms such as positivist and interpretivist research.
Book Synopsis Application of Gamma-gamma Coincidence Counting Techniques to the Non-destructive Activation Analysis of Meteoritic Materials by : David Melvin McKown
Download or read book Application of Gamma-gamma Coincidence Counting Techniques to the Non-destructive Activation Analysis of Meteoritic Materials written by David Melvin McKown and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurements of Separate Neutron and Gamma-Ray Coincidences with Liquid Scintillators and Digital PSD Technique by :
Download or read book Measurements of Separate Neutron and Gamma-Ray Coincidences with Liquid Scintillators and Digital PSD Technique written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new technique is presented for the measurement of neutron and/or gamma-ray coincidences. Separate neutron neutron, neutron gamma-ray, gamma-ray neutron, and gamma-ray gamma-ray coincidences are acquired with liquid scintillation detectors and a digital pulse shape discrimination (PSD) technique based on standard charge integration method. The measurement technique allows for the collection of fast coincidences in a time window of the order of a few tens of nanoseconds between the coincident particles. The PSD allows for the acquisition of the coincidences in all particle combinations. The measurements are compared to results obtained with the MCNP-PoliMi code, which simulates neutron and gamma-ray coincidences from from a source on an event-by-event basis. This comparison leads to good qualitative agreement.
