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Differences In Peer Perception Of Alcohol Use Personal Alcohol Use And Levels Of Intoxication Among Students At Virginia Commonwealth University From 2002 To 2004
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Book Synopsis Differences in Peer Perception of Alcohol Use, Personal Alcohol Use, and Levels of Intoxication Among Students at Virginia Commonwealth University from 2002 to 2004 by : William Ray Evans
Download or read book Differences in Peer Perception of Alcohol Use, Personal Alcohol Use, and Levels of Intoxication Among Students at Virginia Commonwealth University from 2002 to 2004 written by William Ray Evans and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study involves the examination of National Collegiate Health Assessment (NCHA) data collected by the VCU Wellness Resource Center. This study will compare trends in college student health behavior perceptions and personal activity regarding alcohol use, as self-reported via the NCHA data, with a particular focus on a comparison between 2002, which is the year that the Wellness Resource Center (then known as the Office of Health Promotion) first implemented an alcohol education campaign based upon a "social norms" theoretical framework, and 2004, after 18 months of intensive campaigning. Thus, the aim of the project is to examine the changes in student behavior regarding alcohol usage and student perceptions in the prevalence of alcohol usage, after two years of social norms-based campaigning, while controlling for factors such as sex and place of residence. The measures that are analyzed are based upon the number of alcoholic drinks that students reported imbibing during the last time they socialized and the number of alcohol drinks that the students reported to be what they considered the norm during such periods of socializing. This data is supplemented by a calculation of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), acquired through use of personal information that students reported on the NCHA, in order to more accurately describe student drinking behaviors.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Sleep Problems and Depression on Alcohol-related Negative Consequences Among College Students by : Amanda Wattenmaker McGann
Download or read book The Effects of Sleep Problems and Depression on Alcohol-related Negative Consequences Among College Students written by Amanda Wattenmaker McGann and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous literature provides an overview of the multiple relationships between alcohol use, protective behavioral strategies (PBS), alcohol-related negative consequences, depression, and sleep problems among college students, as well as differences by individual level characteristics, such as age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Several studies have found that specific demographic groups of students are more likely to reach a higher blood alcohol content (BAC) when 0́−partying0́+ or socializing (Turner, Bauerle, & Shu, 2004; Crotty, 2011). A variety of studies have also confirmed the positive relationship between high blood alcohol content and experiencing alcohol-related negative consequences (Turner, et al., 2004; Martens, Taylor, Damann, Page, Mowry, & Cimini, 2004; Borden, Martens, McBride, Sheline, Bloch, & Dude, 2011; Crotty, 2011). Additional studies have explored the role that protective behaviors play in the alcohol consumption-negative consequences relationship (Martens et al., 2004; Borden et al., 2011; Haines, Barker, & Rice, 2006; Martens, Martin, Littlefield, Murphy, & Cimini, 2011). These studies conclude that the frequency of protective behavior use and the number of these behaviors that are used when consuming alcohol are associated with the likelihood of a student experiencing negative consequences. Specifically, the negative relationship between protective behavior use and likelihood of experiencing negative consequences as a result of binge drinking is stronger for students who rarely use protective behaviors (Martens et al., 2004). Recent studies have also explored the role that depressive symptoms play in a model with alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences. The prevalence of college students who were diagnosed with depression in the last school year presents a great need to study its relationship with these constructs. Students with poor mental health or depression are also more likely to experience alcohol-related negative consequences (Weitzman, 2004), and there is a direct association between depressive symptoms and negative consequences, but not necessarily between alcohol use and depressive symptoms (Vickers, Patten, Bronars, Lane, Stevens, Croghan, Schroeder, & Clark, 2004). One study also suggests that protective behaviors partially mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and negative consequences (Martens, Martin, Hatchett, Fowler, Fleming, Karakashian, & Cimini, 2008). Further, students with depressive symptoms who use protective behaviors drink less and experience fewer negative consequences, as compared to students without depressive symptoms who use protective behaviors (LaBrie, Kenney, Lac, Garcia, & Ferraiolo, 2009). Sleeping problems play an important role in the relationship between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related negative consequences. Poorer global sleep quality is associated with alcohol-related negative consequences after controlling for alcohol use. Further, among heavier drinkers, those with poorer sleep quality experienced greater levels of negative consequences than those who had better sleep quality (Kenney, LaBrie, Hummer, & Pham, 2012). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between alcohol use measured by estimated Blood Alcohol Content (eBAC), PBS, depression, and sleep problems, as they explain the variance of alcohol-related negative consequences using the spring 2009 national aggregate data set of the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA). This dataset was comprised of a random sample of undergraduate and graduate students from 117 U.S. colleges and universities (n=53,850). Reliability analyses, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for model specification and evaluation. Model fit indices for the current study indicate that the model and the data in this study are a good fit, demonstrated by RM.S.EA= .044, 90% CI (.044, .044) and SRMR= .066. Findings suggest that an additive effect of eBAC, PBS, depression, sleep problems, and certain demographics explain 39% of the variance in alcohol-related negative consequences and greatly impact the amount of harm that college students may experience as a result of their alcohol use. Results from the current study may assist clinicians and health educators who want to improve the probability that they will be able help reduce negative consequences among college students when they drink alcohol. These staff may engage students in a conversation about risk reduction (e.g. one on one consults, campus-wide media campaign) and also provide support for conducting brief screenings about alcohol so that clinicians may be more effective in helping students to reduce alcohol-related negative consequences. The results from this study may also assist researchers in finding more relationships that account for some of the unexplained variance in this study. Interpreting these predictive relationships are important to the way that students are screened for alcohol problems on college campuses, as well as decisions that college students make about alcohol in the greater context of healthy lifestyle decisions. Future research could include repeating the analysis with each race/ethnicity separated out instead of as a dichotomous variable (white/non-white), conducting a similar analysis with each negative consequence instead of as a scale, developing a more complete sleep problems scale within the ACHA-NCHA with improved reliability, and a further investigation into the positive correlation between sleep problems and depression in order to explore other variables that mediate the relationship between depression and sleep problems among college students.
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between Self Perceived Versus Peer Perceived Popularity and Alcohol Consumption in University Students by : Dayna A. Blustein
Download or read book The Relationship Between Self Perceived Versus Peer Perceived Popularity and Alcohol Consumption in University Students written by Dayna A. Blustein and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research suggests that alcohol use and abuse is a growing problem for emerging adults (Lyons & Willott, 2008). Emerging adults typically attend social events with their natural drinking groups (Lange et al., 2006). Examining popularity level within the natural drinking group is critical for predicting heavy episodic drinking patterns. The objective of this study is to examine the association between group members' peer-nominated popularity and heavy alcohol consumption and whether this association is heightened among individuals aware of their popular position. The present study provided 81 university students (Mage = 19.40 years; 69% female) recruited within their natural drinking groups (N = 21) with a longitudinal online survey. At two different time points 2 months apart, participants ranked their group members' popularity, including their own. There were two main hypotheses. Firstly, peer-nominated popularity at Time 1 will predict increased heavy episodic drinking at Time 2 (while controlling for drinking at Time 1). Second, self-reported popularity will moderate the aforementioned relationship. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was used for data analysis, which found that self-perceived popularity at Time 1 was a predictor of alcohol consumption at Time 2. However, there were no significant results for peer-perceived popularity. Implications and future directions are discussed along with possible prevention measures for university guidance departments.
Book Synopsis Indirect Media Influences and Perceived Peer Norms about Alcohol Use at the UW-Madison by : Katherine L. Weber
Download or read book Indirect Media Influences and Perceived Peer Norms about Alcohol Use at the UW-Madison written by Katherine L. Weber and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Closer Look at the Impact of Peer Influences on College Drinking by : Sherry Farrow
Download or read book A Closer Look at the Impact of Peer Influences on College Drinking written by Sherry Farrow and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study was designed to examine relationships between drinking norms and alcohol use among college students while considering the role of both interpersonal and intrapersonal moderators of this relationship. College students (N=127) who drank at least once during the previous three months reported on their alcohol use, their attitudes toward drinking, perceived drinking norms, relational self-construal, and demographics. Detailed information pertaining to participants' drinking and support social networks were elicited via an interview. It was hypothesized that perceived norms would be related to drinking such that norms reflecting higher levels of alcohol use would be related to more alcohol consumption. This hypothesis was supported. Additionally, the direct and moderating influence of social network characteristics (i.e., size, density, functioning) on alcohol use were examined in a series of regression models. In models not including the influence of norms, drinking networks that were larger were predictive of higher levels of alcohol use. Closeness with network members predicted higher levels of binge drinking. When norms were included in the models, only minimal support was found for the moderating influence of social network characteristics. Satisfaction within the drinking network moderated the influence of norms on alcohol use such that for males, there was stronger normative influence for those high in satisfaction. Relational self-construal was hypothesized as an intrapersonal moderator of norms. This was true for males only, such that higher levels of relational self-construal were related to stronger norm conformity. The present study represents the first step in understanding the complex impact of social networks on alcohol use among college students.
Book Synopsis The Development of Alcohol Problems by : Robert A. Zucker
Download or read book The Development of Alcohol Problems written by Robert A. Zucker and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Risk Perception and Alcohol Consumption in College Students by : Maureen Judge Heck
Download or read book Risk Perception and Alcohol Consumption in College Students written by Maureen Judge Heck and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alcohol Use and Related Problems Among College Students and Their Noncollege Peers by : Patrick Donovan Quinn
Download or read book Alcohol Use and Related Problems Among College Students and Their Noncollege Peers written by Patrick Donovan Quinn and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although alcohol use and related problems are highly prevalent in emerging adulthood overall, college students drink somewhat more than do their peers who do not attend college. The personal or social influences underlying this difference, however, are not yet well understood. The present study examined whether personality traits (i.e., self-regulation and sensation seeking) and peer influence (i.e., descriptive drinking norms) contributed to student status differences. At approximately age 22, 4-year college students (n = 331) and noncollege emerging adults (n = 502) completed web-based surveys, including measures of alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, personality, and social norms. College students drank only slightly more heavily. This small difference, however, reflected personality suppression. College students were lower in trait-based risk for drinking, and accounting for traits revealed a stronger positive association between attending college and drinking more heavily. Although noncollege emerging adults reported greater descriptive drinking norms for social group members, norms appeared to more strongly influence alcohol use among college students. Finally, despite drinking less, noncollege individuals experienced more alcohol-related problems. The association between attending college and drinking heavily may be larger than previously estimated, and it may be masked by biased selection into college as a function of both self-regulation and sensation seeking. Differing patterns of alcohol use, its predictors, and its consequences emerged for the college and noncollege samples, suggesting that differing intervention strategies may best meet the needs of each population.
Book Synopsis Reducing Underage Drinking by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Reducing Underage Drinking written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-03-26 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol use by young people is extremely dangerous - both to themselves and society at large. Underage alcohol use is associated with traffic fatalities, violence, unsafe sex, suicide, educational failure, and other problem behaviors that diminish the prospects of future success, as well as health risks â€" and the earlier teens start drinking, the greater the danger. Despite these serious concerns, the media continues to make drinking look attractive to youth, and it remains possible and even easy for teenagers to get access to alcohol. Why is this dangerous behavior so pervasive? What can be done to prevent it? What will work and who is responsible for making sure it happens? Reducing Underage Drinking addresses these questions and proposes a new way to combat underage alcohol use. It explores the ways in which may different individuals and groups contribute to the problem and how they can be enlisted to prevent it. Reducing Underage Drinking will serve as both a game plan and a call to arms for anyone with an investment in youth health and safety.
Book Synopsis Beyond the Intra-individual Level of Analysis by : Jennifer Ann Battle
Download or read book Beyond the Intra-individual Level of Analysis written by Jennifer Ann Battle and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exploring Relationships Among Friendships, Social Status, and Problem Drinking in College Students by : Jared Rodrigues
Download or read book Exploring Relationships Among Friendships, Social Status, and Problem Drinking in College Students written by Jared Rodrigues and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research has demonstrated that students' peer groups have a powerful influence on individual alcohol use. Some specific findings include that students tend to overestimate their peers' drinking and approval of drinking behaviors, and that students will consume more to match these inflated perceptions (Borsari & Carey, 2001, 2003; Perkins & Craig, 2012). Previous research on social networks has also found that alcohol use is associated with increased popularity or status (Ennett et al., 2006; Moody et al., 2011; Reifman et al., 2006). Relatively few studies have addressed the ways in which one's closest peers can have a positive influence. Behavioral interventions that rely on positive peer influence have shown promising evidence in other arenas (Banyard et al., 2007; Hays et al., 2003). In order to better understand whether peer influence can be leveraged to reduce dangerous drinking and resultant harms, this study investigated three specific questions: (1) Can students recognize problem drinkers in their networks? (2) How do different measures of status correlate to drinking behaviors? and (3) What is the relationship between status and willingness to intervene or express disapproval for drinking behaviors? The present study employed methods of social network analysis to investigate these questions quantitatively. 200 participants from 8 fraternities and sororities completed a survey instrument that assessed individual alcohol behaviors and perceptions, and asked participants to nominate specific peers as: friends, someone who is fun to be around in a party/drinking setting, someone they look up to or admire, problem drinkers, and non-problem drinkers.Self-reported alcohol consequences was the strongest predictor variable for problem drinker nominations, suggesting that students perceive problem drinkers in their social networks with some level of accuracy. With regard to status it was found that while drinks per week and self-reported alcohol consequences showed some overall positive associations with friendship and status, both had nonlinear relationships with friendship nominations, and association actually becomes negative at higher levels. This suggests that more extreme or problematic alcohol behaviors actually have a social cost. Participants also completed a scale of items assessing their willingness to intervene helpfully with a peer whose drinking may be causing harm to self or others. Higher scores on this scale were predicted by self-reported use of harm reduction strategies (like deciding to limit drinking to a certain number of drinks) and having held a leadership position.These findings suggest that (1) students can recognize problem drinking in their peers, (2) that drinking, especially problematic drinking, is not socially rewarded unconditionally and can be negatively related to friendship and status, and (3) that students who hold leadership positions in their organizations and students who use protective behavioral strategies while drinking are more likely to helpfully intervene with friends. These findings suggest some promising ways forward for interventions that aim to engage students as part of the solution.
Book Synopsis The Association Between Perceived Social Norms and Alcohol Use Among College Students by : Deirdre Lynn Feeney
Download or read book The Association Between Perceived Social Norms and Alcohol Use Among College Students written by Deirdre Lynn Feeney and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, adults ages 18-29 are among those with the greatest number of alcohol related problems. In the past year, over 3 million college students drove under the influence of alcohol, and 400,000 students had unprotected sex as a result of alcohol intoxication. This research examined the association between actual and perceived drinking norms among college students, as well as the association between binge drinking and other risky behaviors. Analyses used cross-sectional data from the Spring, 2011, administration of the National College Health Assessment II at UNC Charlotte. Nearly 75% (n=827) of students reported non-binge drinking behavior, but 53.7% perceived that the typical student binge drank. After adjustment for other factors, students who perceived other students to be excessive binge drinkers had 4.75 (95% CI: 1.19, 18.91) times the odds of a recent binge drinking episode themselves. Binge drinkers had 7.77 (95%CI: 1.74, 34.69) and 3.86 (95%CI: 1.29, 11.57) times the odds of driving after drinking and having unprotected sex, respectively. Excessive binge drinkers had 7.30 (95%CI: 1.48, 36.00) and 6.56 (95%CI: 2.01, 21.38) times the odds of the same behaviors, respectively. In order to reduce the gap between actual and perceived drinking norms, the campus Social Norm Campaign should be further explored and regularly evaluated. In order to develop supplementary intervention strategies, further investigations should identify additional unknown factors that influence students" alcohol consumption.
Book Synopsis Change in College Students' Perceived Parental Permissibility of Alcohol Use and Its Relation to College Drinking Outcomes by : Brian Calhoun
Download or read book Change in College Students' Perceived Parental Permissibility of Alcohol Use and Its Relation to College Drinking Outcomes written by Brian Calhoun and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceived parental permissibility of alcohol use has been consistently linked with college drinking outcomes. That is, students who report that their parents deem it appropriate for them consume more drinks on a given night report consuming a greater number of drinks, engaging in binge drinking more frequently, and experiencing a greater number of negative consequences of alcohol use. However, few studies have assessed permissibility as an outcome, measured permissibility on more than one occasion, or focused on the later college years. Data from 687 college students in a large university in the Northeast United States were used to assess whether perceived parental permissibility of alcohol use changed across college and whether permissibility predicted binge drinking frequency, peak drinking, and negative consequences of alcohol use. Results showed permissibility increased across college, and that the rate of change was faster for males than females. Generalized linear mixed models showed that between-person differences in mean permissibility were linked with all three drinking outcomes across college, such that individuals who reported higher mean permissibility also reported more frequent binge drinking occasions, higher levels of peak drinking, and more negative consequences of alcohol use. However, within-person differences in permissibility across years of college were only associated with peak drinking, such that in years when students reported higher permissibility they also reported higher peak drinking levels. The greater prevalence of between-person findings suggested the need for an approach focused on different profiles or groups of permissibility change across college. Four clusters of differential patterns of permissibility change were then identified using k-means cluster analysis: a low permissibility cluster, whose permissibility was consistently low; an age 21 permissibility cluster, whose permissibility rose sharply upon nearing the minimum legal drinking age of 21 years of age, a college permissibility cluster, whose permissibility rose sharply upon matriculating to college, and a high permissibility cluster, whose permissibility was consistently high. Membership in these clusters predicted binge drinking frequency and peak drinking, such that students in the low permissibility cluster reported fewer binge drinking occasions and fewer drinks consumed on their heaviest drinking occasions in comparison to each of the other three clusters. The results suggest that aspects of the parent-child relationship are linked with the risk behaviors their late adolescent children engage in during college. Intervention implications include the potential value of continuing intervention programs past the first year of college as both drinking behaviors and perceived parental permissibility of alcohol use increased across the first four years of college.
Book Synopsis Perceived Norms, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, and Collegiate Drinking by : Edward Wahesh
Download or read book Perceived Norms, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, and Collegiate Drinking written by Edward Wahesh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hazardous drinking among university students remains a significant public health crisis on college campuses. According to the Core Institute (2012), nearly 44% of college students reported heavy episodic drinking during the previous two weeks. Alcohol use results in numerous problems experienced by college students, including impaired driving and death (Hingson, Zha, & Weitzman, 2009). In response, there has been a call within the literature to develop theoretically derived mediation models to investigate the complex array of variables that influence collegiate drinking behaviors (Baer, 2002; Oei & Morawska, 2004). By examining the multiple pathways of alcohol use, tailored interventions can be designed that target appropriate contributing factors for high-risk drinking groups (Dowdall & Wechsler, 2002). The purpose of this study was to test a model of collegiate drinking comprised of several key determinants of alcohol use: descriptive norms, injunctive norms, positive alcohol outcome expectancies, negative alcohol outcome expectancies, and four types of drinking motives (coping, conformity, social reinforcement, and enhancement). The motivational model of alcohol use (Cox & Klinger, 1988, 2011) was used as a framework for conceptualizing the unique role that each variable played in contributing to drinking outcome variables (alcohol use intensity and alcohol-related negative consequences). It was posited that drinking motives would fully mediate the associations between psychosocial determinants of drinking (social norms and alcohol outcome expectancies) and drinking outcome variables. Path analysis was utilized to examine associations among the variables and to assess the fit of the hypothesized model with a sample of 445 full-time undergraduates between the ages of 18 and 24 years old. A final, revised model accounted for 45% of the variance in both alcohol use intensity and alcohol-related negative consequences. Whereas enhancement drinking motives and social norms variables emerged as important predictors of alcohol use intensity, negative drinking motives acted as key predictors of alcohol-related negative consequences. Results of bootstrapping analyses indicated that drinking motives significantly mediated the indirect relationships between several psychosocial determinants and drinking outcome variables. Multiple group tests of invariance indicated that the revised model was an acceptable fit among male and female students as well as underclassmen and upperclassmen. Several implications for counselors and counselor educators were gleaned from the results. In the future, researchers should design and evaluate targeted interventions that are tailored for college drinkers based on their primary motives for alcohol consumption."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Book Synopsis TIP 35: Enhancing Motivation for Change in Substance Use Disorder Treatment (Updated 2019) by : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Download or read book TIP 35: Enhancing Motivation for Change in Substance Use Disorder Treatment (Updated 2019) written by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motivation is key to substance use behavior change. Counselors can support clients' movement toward positive changes in their substance use by identifying and enhancing motivation that already exists. Motivational approaches are based on the principles of person-centered counseling. Counselors' use of empathy, not authority and power, is key to enhancing clients' motivation to change. Clients are experts in their own recovery from SUDs. Counselors should engage them in collaborative partnerships. Ambivalence about change is normal. Resistance to change is an expression of ambivalence about change, not a client trait or characteristic. Confrontational approaches increase client resistance and discord in the counseling relationship. Motivational approaches explore ambivalence in a nonjudgmental and compassionate way.
Book Synopsis Misperception of Alcohol Norms by : Chelsea A. Schnabelrauch
Download or read book Misperception of Alcohol Norms written by Chelsea A. Schnabelrauch and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research has repeatedly demonstrated that undergraduate students overrate others' norm comfort with and consumption of alcohol (i.e., Prentice & Miller, 1993). This is a dangerous misperception, as students are increasing their personal alcohol intake and / or frequency in order to match their incorrect perception of how much everyone else is drinking. Already assuming that their peers are more comfortable with, and consume more, alcohol than they do, college students' perception of norm alcohol use may be influenced by peer comments indicating approval / disapproval of alcohol use. Thus, the present study experimentally tested whether a positive or negative comment in reaction to a portrayal of excessive drinking would influence participants' perceptions of drinking behavior among their campus peers, and whether the sex of the person making the comment differentially influences participants' perceptions of each sex's extent of participation in drinking. Participants' perceptions of drinking behavior were not influenced by the confederate comment nor confederate sex; however, participants consistently estimated that the drinking norm is higher for males than females. Additionally, female participants perceived the drinking norm to be higher than did male participants. Participants' ratings of the confederates did differ, however, depending on the comment; participants rated the confederates more favorably when the comment made was negative / criticizing of excessive drinking than when the comment made was positive / endorsing of excessive drinking.
Book Synopsis Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by : Evelyn J. Bromet
Download or read book Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder written by Evelyn J. Bromet and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first systematic analysis of the rates, risk factors, consequences and global burden of trauma and PTSD across the globe.
