High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology

Download High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030166384
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology by : Josef F. Bille

Download or read book High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology written by Josef F. Bille and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of the newest laser and microscope/ophthalmoscope technology in the field of high resolution imaging in microscopy and ophthalmology. Starting by describing High-Resolution 3D Light Microscopy with STED and RESOLFT, the book goes on to cover retinal and anterior segment imaging and image-guided treatment and also discusses the development of adaptive optics in vision science and ophthalmology. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the reader will learn about the latest developments and most up to date technology in the field and how these translate to a medical setting. High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology – New Frontiers in Biomedical Optics has been written by leading experts in the field and offers insights on engineering, biology, and medicine, thus being a valuable addition for scientists, engineers, and clinicians with technical and medical interest who would like to understand the equipment, the applications and the medical/biological background. Lastly, this book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Gerhard Zinser, co-founder of Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, a scientist, a husband, a brother, a colleague, and a friend.

Diagnostic Imaging of Ophthalmology

Download Diagnostic Imaging of Ophthalmology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9402410600
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Diagnostic Imaging of Ophthalmology by : Zhenchang Wang

Download or read book Diagnostic Imaging of Ophthalmology written by Zhenchang Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This atlas is a pocket manual of imaging diagnosis of the orbital. It includes common imaging techniques, normal imaging features, abnormal orbital imaging of developmental diseases, injury, inflammation, lymphoproliferative diseases, diseases of the eyeball, post-operative changes, vascular diseases, tumors and neuro-ophthalmological diseases. While it particularly focuses on CT and MRI, it also describes other techniques, such as X-ray, ultrasonography and nuclear imaging. The book starts with an overview of commonly used imaging techniques of the orbit a concise description of imaging features of normal orbit in X-ray, CT and MRI. The following nine chapters explore different orbital diseases and abnormalities that are common in clinical work. It is a valuable resource for radiologists and ophthalmologists.

Diagnostics in Ocular Imaging

Download Diagnostics in Ocular Imaging PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030548635
Total Pages : 743 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Diagnostics in Ocular Imaging by : Mehrdad Mohammadpour

Download or read book Diagnostics in Ocular Imaging written by Mehrdad Mohammadpour and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a new avenue in the field of ophthalmology and sheds light on the field of eye imaging. With the increasing availability of electronic devices and their important role in both personal and professional aspects of human life, there is a growing need for perfect vision. Ophthalmic imaging is a major tool for screening and documenting eye diseases in both medical and surgical fields of ophthalmology and is also of use for ophthalmologists around the globe. The number of eye-imaging devices has increased dramatically, however undiagnosed or poorly managed eye diseases remain a significant cause of ocular and visual problems worldwide. This essential guide addresses the need for a book that is dedicated to ophthalmic imaging, covering the cornea, glaucoma, retina and orbital imaging with updates on medical and surgical aspects of the topic.

Diagnostic and Imaging Techniques in Ophthalmology

Download Diagnostic and Imaging Techniques in Ophthalmology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : JP Medical Ltd
ISBN 13 : 9962678072
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (626 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Diagnostic and Imaging Techniques in Ophthalmology by : Amar Agarwal

Download or read book Diagnostic and Imaging Techniques in Ophthalmology written by Amar Agarwal and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances made in diagnostic and imaging tech¬niques within the past years have revolutionized the clinical approach to, and the management of many ophthalmic diseases. Wavefront and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) have been incorporated as basic tools of refractive surgery, in the assessment of vitreoreti¬nal disorders, optic nerve pathologies, ocular tumors and ocular trauma. This book presents a comprehensive evaluation of current and emerging technologies used for clinical assessment in ophthalmology, as well as an in depth discussion of retinal angiography, both anterior and exterior segments, OCT, VHF ultrasound and other advanced imaging methods and techniques.

Diagnostic Imaging in Ophthalmology

Download Diagnostic Imaging in Ophthalmology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146138575X
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Diagnostic Imaging in Ophthalmology by : Carlos F. Gonzales

Download or read book Diagnostic Imaging in Ophthalmology written by Carlos F. Gonzales and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been written for radiologists, ophthalmologists, neurologists, neurosur geons, plastic surgeons, and others interested in the evaluation of disorders with ophthalmologic signs and symptoms. It is designed to provide recent knowledge in this area derived from ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the past decade, the advent of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and more recently magnetic resonance imaging has provided diagnostic images of the eye, orbit, and brain in a fashion that had been a dream of many prior to the develop ment of these techniques. These newer modes of diagnosis have replaced some previous techniques, such as nuclear medicine imaging and, to some degree, vascular studies and orbitography. There are three sections to this book. The first section is a discussion of the imaging techniques. The second is devoted to the role of these imaging methods in the evaluation of ophthalmic disorders. The last section, dealing with radiotherapy for ophthalmologic tumors, is included because the current imaging techniques are needed for treatment planning. We wish to thank the many people who have assisted us in preparing this manuscript. Among these are many librarians, secretaries, trainees, and photographers. Weare especially indebted to artist Peter Clark for his illustrations and to Mr. Martin Leibo vici, Associate Curator of New York University Medical School and Director of Health Sciences Library of Goldwater Memorial Hospital, New York City. Also, we wish to thank our families for their help and patience.

Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Download Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SLACK Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 1556429630
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (564 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography by : David Huang

Download or read book Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography written by David Huang and published by SLACK Incorporated. This book was released on 2010 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourier-Domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the latest technology available to provide high-speed, high-resolution imaging of the cornea, anterior chamber angle, macula, and optic nerve head. It is uniquely suited for ophthalmologists that treat diseases from the front to the back of the eye. Inside Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography, Drs. David Huang, Jay S. Duker, James G. Fujimoto, Bruno Lumbroso, Joel S. Schuman, and Robert N. Weinreb cover up-to-date OCT technology and diagnostic software of the RTVue. It is the first book that covers clinical applications from the front to the back of the eye, as opposed to concentrating either on posterior segment imaging or anterior segment imaging. Inside you'll find: * Explanation of Fourier-Domain OCT technology * Teaching of scan pattern selection * Step-by-step instruction for scan acquisition * Teaching of the interpretations of OCT images and measurements by many case examples * Interpretation of en face images Some chapters covered: * Anterior segment * Cornea * Posterior segment * Retina * Age-related macular degeneration * Diabetic retinopathy * Glaucoma Imaging the Eye from Front to Back with RTVue Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography is the must-have book for general ophthalmologists, glaucoma specialists, retina specialists, cornea specialists, and refractive surgeons, as well as biomedical engineers.

Imaging of Orbital and Visual Pathway Pathology

Download Imaging of Orbital and Visual Pathway Pathology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 354027989X
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Imaging of Orbital and Visual Pathway Pathology by : Wibke S. Müller-Forell

Download or read book Imaging of Orbital and Visual Pathway Pathology written by Wibke S. Müller-Forell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-29 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deals with imaging of pathology of the visual system. This book is divided into two parts, general and special. In the general part, important basics of modern imaging methods are discussed. The knowledge on the indication, technique, and results of functional MR imaging is also presented.

Feline Diagnostic Imaging

Download Feline Diagnostic Imaging PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118840941
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Feline Diagnostic Imaging by : Merrilee Holland

Download or read book Feline Diagnostic Imaging written by Merrilee Holland and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-21 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive resource for imaging the feline patient, with an emphasis on the unique considerations of imaging cats. It focuses on radiology and ultrasound, with some coverage of advanced imaging such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Incorporating more than 1750 high-quality images, it is an invaluable reference for any veterinary practitioner with a significant feline caseload. Feline Diagnostic Imaging begins with information on the radiographic evaluation of the thorax, abdomen, and musculoskeletal structures, including normal anatomy and pathology, followed by a review of common echocardiographic and abdominal ultrasound findings and abnormalities. Advanced imaging of the skull using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging cases of brain and spinal disease are also included. The book: Provides imaging information specifically tailored to the particular needs of cats Emphasizes the modalities most commonly used in general practice, with some discussion of advanced imaging Gives a complete overview of diagnostic imaging for the feline patients Includes tips and tricks for the unique considerations of working with cats Presents essential information for any practitioner treating feline patients Offering a feline focus not found in other imaging books, Feline Diagnostic Imaging is an essential purchase for veterinarians wishing to improve their diagnostic imaging skills in cats. It’s also an excellent guide for veterinary radiologists, and veterinary students and residents.

Ophthalmic Imaging

Download Ophthalmic Imaging PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317503112
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ophthalmic Imaging by : Christye Sisson

Download or read book Ophthalmic Imaging written by Christye Sisson and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ophthalmic Imaging serves as a reference for the practicing ophthalmic imager. Ophthalmic imaging combines photography and diagnostic imaging to provide insight into not only the health of the eye, but also the health of the human body as a whole. Ophthalmic photographers are specialists in imaging through and in the human eye, one of the only parts of the body where the circulation and nervous system is visible non-invasively. With technical perspective as context, this book will provide instructional techniques as well as the background needed for problem solving in this exciting field. The book covers all aspects of contemporary ophthalmic imaging and provides image support to ophthalmologists and sub-specialties including retinal specialists, corneal specialists, neuro-ophthalmologists, and ocular oncologists. This text serves as a reference for the practicing ophthalmic imager, or to imagers just getting started in the field.

Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques in Ophthalmology

Download Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques in Ophthalmology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461388961
Total Pages : 649 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques in Ophthalmology by : Barry R. Masters

Download or read book Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques in Ophthalmology written by Barry R. Masters and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noninvasive Diagnostic Techniques in Ophthalmology explores the special noninvasive tools developed to function as diagnostic indicators and to further our understanding of ocular function. The volume's focus is on new development in instrumentation and techniques for studying the cornea, lens, retina, vitreous, and aqueous dynamics; whereby special attention is given to how each technique has improved our understanding of basic processes and diagnostic capability. Theoretical aspects, possible sources of error, current problems and limitations, safety evaluation, and future applications and directions are considered. Topics examined include ophthalmic image processing; magnetic resonance imaging of the eye and orbit; diagnostic ocular ultrasound; corneal topography; holographic contour analysis of the cornea; wide field and color specular microscopy; use of the Fourier transform method for statistical evaluation of corneal endothelial morphology; confocal microscopy; in vivo corneal redox fluorometry; evaluation of cataract function with the Scheimp-flug camera; fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy of the crystallin lens; in vivo uses of quasi-elastic light scattering; fundus reflectometry; and clinical visual psychophysics measurements. The book offers discussions of fractal analysis of human retinal blood vessel patterns, scanning laser tomography of the living human eye, fundus imaging and diagnostic screening for public health, and digital image processing for ophthalmology, as well as a detailed appendix comprising additional topics and sources.

Human Eye Imaging and Modeling

Download Human Eye Imaging and Modeling PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439869936
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Human Eye Imaging and Modeling by : E. Y. K. Ng

Download or read book Human Eye Imaging and Modeling written by E. Y. K. Ng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-05 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced image processing and mathematical modeling techniques are increasingly being used for the early diagnosis of eye diseases. A comprehensive review of the field, Human Eye Imaging and Modeling details the latest advances and analytical techniques in ocular imaging and modeling. The first part of the book looks at imaging of the fundus as well as infrared imaging. It begins by exploring developments in the analysis of fundus images, particularly for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. It also reviews anterior segment imaging and reports on developments in ocular thermography, especially the use of thermal imaging as the basis of tear evaporimetry and dry eye diagnosis. The second part of the book delves into mathematical modeling of the human eye. Coverage includes modeling of the eye during retinal laser surgery, a framework for optical simulation, heat distribution using a 3D web-splines solution, and exposure to laser radiation. The text also examines computer simulation of the human eye based on principles of heat transfer, as well as various bioheat equations to predict interior temperatures based on the surface temperature. Featuring contributions by established experts in eye imaging, this is a valuable reference for medical personnel and researchers who want to know more about state-of-the-art computer-based imaging and detection methods. It presents novel imaging and modeling algorithms that can aid in early diagnosis, with the aim of enriching the lives of people suffering from eye abnormalities.

Neuro-Ophthalmology E-Book

Download Neuro-Ophthalmology E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1437721141
Total Pages : 721 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (377 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neuro-Ophthalmology E-Book by : Grant T. Liu

Download or read book Neuro-Ophthalmology E-Book written by Grant T. Liu and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-08-27 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuro-Ophthalmology: Diagnosis and Management is a highly organized and uniform textbook designed to bridge the gap between a handbook and an encyclopedia. Drs. Grant T. Liu, Nicholas J. Volpe, and Steven L. Galetta present their expertise through this highly visual resource that features full color throughout, extensive illustrations, and more. The second edition includes major updates to reflect advances in migraine, multiple sclerosis treatments, neuroimaging, and more. This is your one-stop source of information both for understanding the underlying presentation, pathophysiology, neuroimaging, and diagnostic studies in neuro-ophthalmology, as well as the ideal diagnostic, treatment, and ongoing management tools for all neuro-ophthalmic conditions. ***The eBook versions of this title do not include the DVD-ROM content from the print edition. Combines extensive illustrations and cross references with tables, outlines, and flow-diagrams to provide you with everything you need to understand the underlying presentation, pathophysiology, neuroimaging, and diagnostic studies in neuro-ophthalmology, along with the ideal diagnostic, treatment, and ongoing management tools for all neuro-ophthalmic conditions. Features reviews of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology based on clinical and pathological observations in humans without the extensive discussion of experimental literature involving non-human primates and other animals for an extremely focused clinical resource excellent for practice and preparing for professional examinations. Includes coverage of the neurological examination and the bedside neuro-ophthalmic evaluation of comatose patients that demonstrates how the examination can be used to confirm a diagnosis arrived at from the patient history. Features comprehensive updates to all chapters with complete revisions to coverage of multiple sclerosis, migraine, and neuro-imaging ensuring that you have the most up-to-date clinical tool available. Separates the History and Examination, Neuro-ophthalmic History, and Neuro-ophthalmic Examination into two distinct chapters—Neuro-ophthalmic History and Neuro-ophthalmic Examination—to provide a more focused approach to each topic. Includes an expanded illustration program with full color throughout, revisions 20% of existing figures, and 20% more figures than before for a more accessible and visually appealing reference.

Ophthalmology

Download Ophthalmology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535117211
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ophthalmology by : Pinakin Davey

Download or read book Ophthalmology written by Pinakin Davey and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together both a review and updates in clinical and research areas. The chapters will be of interest to a wide audience. On one hand, the review and update of clinical practices will interest students and residents, on the other, cutting edge research chapters will be of interest to the researchers in the field. The book is divided into four parts: 1) Review and Updates in Diagnostic Testing, 2) Updates in Anterior Segment Diseases, 3) Updates in Posterior Segment Diseases, and 4) Updates in Research in Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science. The chapters are written by experts and individuals with special interests in topics with a focus on clinical application and translational benefit to eye care.

Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Download Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040135544
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography by : Roger Steinert

Download or read book Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography written by Roger Steinert and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-06-01 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-speed anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a non-contact method for high resolution cross-sectional and three-dimensional imaging of the cornea and the anterior segment of the eye. As the first text completely devoted to this topic, Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography comprehensively explains both the scientific principles and the clinical applications of this exciting and advancing technology. Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography enhances surgical planning and postoperative care for a variety of anterior segment applications by expertly explaining how abnormalities in the anterior chamber angle, cornea, iris, and lens can be identified and evaluated using the Visante OCTTM. Inside Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography, Dr. Roger Steinert and Dr. David Huang, along with 22 of the field's leading professionals, provide a wealth of useful clinical and physiological material about this new diagnostic imaging technique. Valuable images are included to assist in the pre- and postoperative assessment of various anterior segment disorders. Additionally, this unique resource contains detailed information on biometric measurements to enhance diagnostic capability. On the leading edge of anterior segment imaging: Mapping of corneal thickness and keratoconus evaluation Measurement of LASIK flap and stromal bed thickness Visualization and measurement of anterior chamber angle and diagnosis of narrow angle glaucoma Measuring the dimensions of the anterior chamber and assessing the fit of intraocular lens implants Visualizing and measuring the results of corneal implants and lamellar procedures Imaging through corneal opacity to see internal eye structures With the increase in popularity of anterior chamber imaging, and anterior segment OCT proving to be the best tool for high resolution biometry, Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography is a must-have for anterior segment, refractive, cornea, and glaucoma surgeons.

Ophthalmic Photography

Download Ophthalmic Photography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ophthalmic Photography by : Patrick J. Saine

Download or read book Ophthalmic Photography written by Patrick J. Saine and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2002 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improve your skills in ophthalmic photography. Learn basic and advanced techniques in fundus photography, retinal and choroidal angiography, and electronic imaging. Prepare most effectively for the OPS and JCAHPO certification exams.

Medical Imaging Systems

Download Medical Imaging Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319965204
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Medical Imaging Systems by : Andreas Maier

Download or read book Medical Imaging Systems written by Andreas Maier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book gives a complete and comprehensive introduction to the fields of medical imaging systems, as designed for a broad range of applications. The authors of the book first explain the foundations of system theory and image processing, before highlighting several modalities in a dedicated chapter. The initial focus is on modalities that are closely related to traditional camera systems such as endoscopy and microscopy. This is followed by more complex image formation processes: magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray projection imaging, computed tomography, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, nuclear imaging, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography.

Neuroimaging in Ophthalmology

Download Neuroimaging in Ophthalmology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195381610
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Neuroimaging in Ophthalmology by : Michael C. Johnson

Download or read book Neuroimaging in Ophthalmology written by Michael C. Johnson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rev. ed. of: Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography / Jonathan D. Wirtschafter, Eric L. Berman, Carolyn S. McDonald. c1992.