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Development Of The Internalized Racism Scale For Asian Americans
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Book Synopsis Development of the Internalized Racism Scale for Asian Americans by : Liang Liao
Download or read book Development of the Internalized Racism Scale for Asian Americans written by Liang Liao and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internalized racism is a destructive, yet insidious psychological effect of racism. Although it has garnered increased attention in the research and clinical community due to its pervasive impact in racial minority individuals, empirical research on this topic has been limited. At the time of this study, no existing scale captures the key dimensions of internalized racism of Asian Americans. This study attempted to fill this gap by developing a self-report instrument that identified the key dimensions of this psychological construct. Seven hundred and fourteen Asian Americans participated in this study, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to investigate the factor structure of the scale. Results indicated that the Internalized Racism Scale for Asian Americans (IRSAA) has five factors, which are Endorsement of Negative Stereotypes, Sense of Inferiority, Denial or Minimization of Racism, Emasculation of Asian American Men, and Within-group Discrimination. This dissertation also examines and discusses the evidence of convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity for the IRSAA subscales.
Book Synopsis Internalized Oppression by : E.J.R. David, PhD
Download or read book Internalized Oppression written by E.J.R. David, PhD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2013-12-09 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ìIt is a great honorÖto write the foreword to such an important book edited by E.J.R. David, filled with contributions from leading and emerging psychological scholars on internalized oppression. One of the best features of the book, in my opinion, is that the chapter authorsÖare allowed to share their own personal experiences and that such experiences are regarded to be just as valid and legitimate as the ëtheoriesí and ëempirical studiesí that they review.î -Eduardo Duran, PhD 7th Direction Therapy, Assessment, and Consulting Author of Healing the Soul Wound and Co-Author of Native American Postcolonial Psychology The oppression of various groups has taken place throughout human history. People are stereotyped, discriminated against, and treated unjustly simply because of their social group membership. But what does it look like when the oppression that people face from the outside gets under their skin? Long overdue, this is the first book to highlight the universality of internalized oppression across marginalized groups in the United States from a mental health perspective. It focuses on the psychological manifestations and mental health implications of internalized oppression for a variety of groups. The book provides insight into the ways in which internalized oppression influences the thoughts, attitudes, feelings, and behaviors of the oppressed toward themselves, other members of their group, and members of the dominant group. It also considers promising clinical and community programs that are currently addressing internalized oppression among specific groups. The book describes the implications and unique manifestations of internalized oppression among African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, American Indians and Alaska natives, women, people with disabilities, and the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community. For each group, the text considers its demographic profile, history of oppression, contemporary oppression, common manifestations and mental and behavioral health implications, clinical and community programs, and future directions. Chapters are written by leading and emerging scholars, who share their personal experiences to provide a real-world point of view. Additionally, each chapter is coauthored by a member of a particular community group, who helps to bring academic concepts to life. Key Features: Addresses the universality of internalized oppression across marginalized groups in the U.S. and its corresponding mental health and psychological manifestations Considers how specific groups exhibit internalized oppression in their own unique ways Provides insight into how internalized oppression influences the thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and behaviors of the oppressed Highlights promising clinical and community programs
Book Synopsis Contemporary Racism and the Asian American Experience by : Safia C. Jackson
Download or read book Contemporary Racism and the Asian American Experience written by Safia C. Jackson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asian Americans are considered a "model minority" in the United States, conferring an implied status of privilege among racial minority groups. This stereotype results in misperceptions about the incidence and consequences of racial discrimination against individuals of Asian descent. Studies have shown that experiences of racial discrimination are prevalent across age groups and settings in this population, and associated with a litany of psychological and physical health problems, including depression, anxiety, suicidal behavior, and substance use. While previous research in the field has focused on the deleterious effects of overt forms of racism, contemporary and covert forms such as "racial microaggressions" are thought to be more detrimental to the health and well-being of individuals of color. Further, although it has been suggested that the accumulation of these everyday racial hassles are responsible for negative outcomes, measures of racism-related stress typically assess either the average frequency or stressfulness of these experiences and not the overall lifetime stress. In order to address present gaps in the literature, this research sought to: (1) develop a measure assessing lifetime racial microaggression stress in Asian American young adults; (2) examine the relationship between this construct and health concerns that are increasingly prevalent in this population, specifically: depression, anxiety, social anxiety, alcohol use, and gambling; (3) test theoretical models describing the causal processes by which this stress may result in psychological symptoms and risk behavior, specifically the Stress-Coping Model of Addiction and the Transactional Stress Model; and (4) explore how racial socialization and other race- and culture-specific factors influence outcomes. The instrument developed in this study, the Asian American Racial Microaggressions Stress Scale (AARMSS), demonstrated internal reliability, concurrent validity, and a three factor structure reflecting the theoretical taxonomy of racial microaggressions. Results indicated that total scores on this scale, representing lifetime racial microaggression stress, were associated with a range of health outcomes in a sample of Asian American young adults above and beyond average frequency of racial microaggressions and experiences of overt racial discrimination, suggesting the utility of a composite lifetime stress measure. Analyses indicated that the structural fit of theoretical models depended on the specific outcome in question; while the Stress-Coping Model of Addiction better explained the mechanism by which lifetime racial microaggression stress influenced gambling behavior in the sample, the Transactional Model of Stress better explained pathways to negative affect (depression, anxiety, and social anxiety) and alcohol use. In regards to racial socialization, participants endorsed a range of experiences across family and peer contexts; however, results highlighted the importance of the context and content of these messages. Specifically, family experiences were generally associated with outcomes whereas peer experiences were not. Further, family messages conveying racial mistrust were associated with higher levels of depression and social anxiety; in contrast, family teachings that prepared participants for racial bias were associated with fewer psychological symptoms. Examinations of mechanisms indicated that preparation for bias attenuated these outcomes by compensating for the effects of lifetime racial microaggression stress and by reducing the use of avoidant emotional coping strategies in response to these stressors. Finally, evidence suggested that higher levels of acculturation and ethnic/racial identity generally compensated for lifetime racial microaggression stress or protected against negative outcomes; however among participants with greater Asian acculturation, higher levels of stress were associated with increased gambling behavior. A better understanding of the everyday racial hassles faced by Asian American youth and young adults, the effects of these experiences, and the factors that cause, exacerbate, and attenuate negative consequences will help to: (1) increase awareness of contemporary forms of racial discrimination, (2) develop culturally-appropriate and sensitive prevention and intervention programs, (3) educate Asian American families about how to effectively communicate messages about race and racism to their children, and (4) shape future research agendas that will improve our understanding of the health and needs of this often overlooked minority population. Some clinical and preventative implications are discussed in length and suggestions are offered for tailoring culturally-appropriate programs for Asian American clients. Ultimately, however, treating people of color at the individual level is no substitute for societal change.
Book Synopsis Examining the Moderating Role of Internalized Racism on the Relation Between Racism-related Stress and Mental Health in Asian Americans by : Danielle Godon-Decoteau
Download or read book Examining the Moderating Role of Internalized Racism on the Relation Between Racism-related Stress and Mental Health in Asian Americans written by Danielle Godon-Decoteau and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internalized racism is a harmful and common form of racism that is theorized to be associated with helplessness, hopelessness, shame, and perpetuation of oppression (David & Derthick, 2013; Jones, 2000; Osajima, 2007; Pyke, 2010; Speight, 2007). Despite negative consequences, internalized racism has been understudied in the field of psychology, particularly in Asian Americans. To date, there is neither a comprehensive theory of internalized racism in Asian Americans nor any research exploring the effect of internalized racism on racism-related stress and Asian American mental health. This dissertation presents two monographs. The first is an original critical review and synthesis of the literature that puts forth the thesis that Asian Americans are at increased risk for internalizing racism due to the particular nature of anti-Asian American interpersonal and structural racism. It is argued that, to resist internalizing racism, people of color need to first be aware that racism against their group exists in order to be able to reject it. However, the two predominant Asian American stereotypes, the Perpetual Foreigner Stereotype and the Model Minority Myth, may go unnoticed or unlabeled as racism because they do not appear to be overtly negative and because they are reinforced by insidious components of internalized racism, such as the implicit valuing of Whiteness and color-blindness. The second monograph presents an empirical quantitative study that investigated the effect of internalized racism on the relation between racism-related stress and mental health symptomatology in Asian Americans using structural equation modeling. Results suggested that one facet of internalized racism, which simultaneously emphasized the internalization of negative notions about one's group and the valuing of Whiteness, mediated the relation between racism-related stress and increased mental health symptoms. The other facet of internalized racism, which represented denial of racism and an erroneous belief in meritocracy, moderated the mediation such that higher levels were associated with lower mental health symptoms when racism-related stress was low-- however, higher levels were associated with the highest levels of mental health symptoms when combined with high racism-related stress. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Book Synopsis Asian American Psychology by : Nita Tewari
Download or read book Asian American Psychology written by Nita Tewari and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2009 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2009. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Book Synopsis Forever Foreigners Or Honorary Whites? by : Mia Tuan
Download or read book Forever Foreigners Or Honorary Whites? written by Mia Tuan and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the meaning of ethnicity for later-generation Chinese and Japanese Americans, and asks how the racialized ethnic experience differs from the white ethnic experience. Material is based on interviews with 95 middle-class Chinese and Japanese Californians, who respond to questions on experiences with Chinese and Japanese culture, current lifestyle and emerging cultural practices, experiences with racism and discrimination, and attitudes on immigration. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Handbook of Tests and Measurements for Black Populations by :
Download or read book Handbook of Tests and Measurements for Black Populations written by and published by Cobb & Henry. This book was released on 1996 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Somatic Experience of Asian Americans in Dominant Culture Spaces by : Teresa C. Trinh
Download or read book The Somatic Experience of Asian Americans in Dominant Culture Spaces written by Teresa C. Trinh and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an age when the truth of White supremacy is acknowledged by most, when racial oppression is recognized as trauma, and when psychotherapists understand that trauma exists not only in the psyche but also in the body, it is of great value for clinicians to examine the intersection of somatic psychology and internalized racial oppression. This thesis looks at the somatic experience of internalized racial oppression specific to Asian Americans in the United States. By integrating analyses of themes and theories from various texts with a hermeneutic methodology, this thesis aims to answer the following research question: How does the internalized experience of racism manifest in the ways Asian Americans somatically respond to power relations in dominant White culture spaces? Findings reveal that internalized racism can show up somatically in Asian Americans in an embodied experience of silencing, invisibility, and isolation from various racial groups.
Book Synopsis Internalization of the Asian American Stereotype by : Frances Chi-Hui Shen
Download or read book Internalization of the Asian American Stereotype written by Frances Chi-Hui Shen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asian Americans are commonly stereotyped in society based upon the Model Minority stereotype, which characterizes Asian Americans as intelligent, hard working, and academically successful (Wong, Lai, Nagasawa, and Lin, 1998). Since no measure exists to date that represents all aspects of Asian American stereotypes, the purpose of this study is to develop the Internalization of Asian American Stereotypes Scale (IAASS), a measure that assesses the internalization of Asian American stereotypes. A total of 351 Asian American college students from university campuses across the nation were recruited to complete an online survey. The study consisted of three parts: (1) pilot study that examined the clarity in the wording of items, (2) main study in which a principal components analysis was conducted to extract components from the data, with demographic differences and reliability of the IAASS examined, and (3) an assessment of participants' social desirability response tendencies. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Book Synopsis The Heterogeneity of Asian Americans' Racial Experiences by : Paul Ian LePhuoc
Download or read book The Heterogeneity of Asian Americans' Racial Experiences written by Paul Ian LePhuoc and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study tested the construct validity of the People of Color Racal Identity Attitudes Scale (PCRIAS) for Asian Americans using a mixed methods inquiry. The study produced mixed results with regard to the construct validity of the PCRIAS; Conformity and Immersion-Emersion statuses were somewhat corroborated by the qualitative data and provide tentative construct validity for these statuses of Helms's model. Though statistically insignificant, results for the Internalization status, purportedly the most mature and developed of all racial identity statuses, were opposite to what racial identity theory would predict. Although some dimensions of the PCRIAS may be meaningful for Asian Americans, findings cast doubt upon the overall applicability of PCRIAS scale for Asian Americans. Results draw attention to the importance of race-specific experiences for Asian Americans and highlight the within-group heterogeneity of Asian Americans' racial experiences. Qualitative analysis yielded critical theoretical points that illuminate how the historical, political, and economic context of Asian Americans has led to a multitude of options for the management of racial stimuli. Emergent themes revealed that Asian Americans have discursive options--factors such as the model minority myth and recourse to ethnic identity--that may offer possible detours around the recognition of racism or the incorporation of race into their sense of identity. These detours, however, may not necessarily be experienced as maladaptive or ego-dystonic. Nonetheless, one of the most prevalent emergent themes involved an endorsement of subjective distress caused by some racial experience, highlighting the clinical significance of Asian Americans' racial identity and their management of racial stimuli. Emergent themes also revealed that the salience of race is externally imposed upon Asian Americans through the experiences of being (mis)recognized as a racial other. Limitations of the current study are discussed and suggestions for future research are explored.
Book Synopsis Myth of the Model Minority by : Rosalind S. Chou
Download or read book Myth of the Model Minority written by Rosalind S. Chou and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-11-17 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this popular book adds important new research on how racial stereotyping is gendered and sexualized. New interviews show that Asian American men feel emasculated in America’s male hierarchy. Women recount their experiences of being exoticized, subtly and otherwise, as sexual objects. The new data reveal how race, gender, and sexuality intersect in the lives of Asian Americans. The text retains all the features of the renowned first edition, which offered the first in-depth exploration of how Asian Americans experience and cope with everyday racism. The book depicts the “double consciousness” of many Asian Americans—experiencing racism but feeling the pressures to conform to popular images of their group as America’s highly achieving “model minority.” FEATURES OF THE SECOND EDITION
Book Synopsis The Psychology of Oppression by : E.J.R. David, PhD
Download or read book The Psychology of Oppression written by E.J.R. David, PhD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017-10-28 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in an engaging and relatable manner, this book reviews the psychological theories and research on the topic of oppression – its evolution, its various forms, and its consequences. Painful historical examples and modern-day occurrences of oppression including mass incarceration, LGBT and transgender issues, police brutality, immigration reform, anti-Muslim sentiments, and systemic racism are explored. How oppression exists and operates on various levels, the mental and behavioral health consequences of oppression, and promising clinical and community programs to eradicate oppression are reviewed. The authors hope that by providing readers with a basic understanding of oppression it will motivate them to combat bias to create a more just, harmonious, and healthy world. Highlights include: Introduces readers to the psychological theories and research on oppression whereas most other books focus on a sociological or ethnic studies perspective. Introduces readers to the fundamentals of oppression--what it is, who experiences it, and where and when it has taken place. Dissects the layers of oppression -- how it is expressed blatantly or subtly and overtly or covertly. Explores how oppression is manifested on different levels including interpersonal, institutional/systemic, and internalized, for a deeper understanding. Demonstrates how oppression influences peoples’ thoughts, attitudes, feelings, and behaviors, and how it influences peoples’ well-being and health. Explores why certain people are discriminated against simply because of their race, ethnicity, gender, or sexuality and the resulting psychological implications. Highlights what researchers and service providers are doing to address oppression via encouraging community and clinical interventions. Examines why oppression exists and has persisted throughout history and what it looks like today. Recommends future psychological work on oppression across research, clinical, and community contexts. Ideal as a text in upper level undergraduate and beginning graduate courses on oppression, prejudice and discrimination, race relations, ethnic studies, ethnic and racial minorities, multicultural or cross-cultural psychology, multicultural counseling, diversity, women’s studies, LGBT studies, disability studies, and social justice taught in psychology, social work, and counseling. Behavioral and mental health providers in both clinical and community contexts will also appreciate this book.
Book Synopsis The Racial Healing Handbook by : Anneliese A. Singh
Download or read book The Racial Healing Handbook written by Anneliese A. Singh and published by New Harbinger Publications. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful and practical guide to help you navigate racism, challenge privilege, manage stress and trauma, and begin to heal. Healing from racism is a journey that often involves reliving trauma and experiencing feelings of shame, guilt, and anxiety. This journey can be a bumpy ride, and before we begin healing, we need to gain an understanding of the role history plays in racial/ethnic myths and stereotypes. In so many ways, to heal from racism, you must re-educate yourself and unlearn the processes of racism. This book can help guide you. The Racial Healing Handbook offers practical tools to help you navigate daily and past experiences of racism, challenge internalized negative messages and privileges, and handle feelings of stress and shame. You’ll also learn to develop a profound racial consciousness and conscientiousness, and heal from grief and trauma. Most importantly, you’ll discover the building blocks to creating a community of healing in a world still filled with racial microaggressions and discrimination. This book is not just about ending racial harm—it is about racial liberation. This journey is one that we must take together. It promises the possibility of moving through this pain and grief to experience the hope, resilience, and freedom that helps you not only self-actualize, but also makes the world a better place.
Book Synopsis Yellow: Race In America Beyond Black And White by : Frank H. Wu
Download or read book Yellow: Race In America Beyond Black And White written by Frank H. Wu and published by Civitas Books. This book was released on 2002 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading voice in the Asian American community tackles what it means to be Asian American in contemporary America. This explosive book examines the current state of civil rights in the U.S. through the unique experiences of Asian Americans and how they view the democratic process.
Book Synopsis Microaggressions in Everyday Life by : Derald Wing Sue
Download or read book Microaggressions in Everyday Life written by Derald Wing Sue and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-21 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential, authoritative guide to microaggressions, revised and updated The revised and updated second edition of Microaggressions in Everyday Life presents an introduction to the concept of microaggressions, classifies the various types of microaggressions, and offers solutions for ending microaggressions at the individual, group, and community levels. The authors—noted experts on the topic—explore the psychological effects of microaggressions on both perpetrators and targets. Subtle racism, sexism, and heterosexism remain relatively invisible and potentially harmful to the wellbeing, self-esteem, and standard of living of many marginalized groups in society. The book examines the manifestations of various forms of microaggressions and explores their impact. The text covers: researching microaggressions, exploring microaggressions in education, identifying best practices teaching about microaggressions, understanding microaggressions in the counseling setting, as well as guidelines for combating microaggressions. Each chapter concludes with a section called "The Way Forward" that provides guidelines, strategies, and interventions designed to help make our society free of microaggressions. This important book: Offers an updated edition of the seminal work on microaggressions Distinguishes between microaggressions and macroaggressions Includes new information on social media as a key site where microaggressions occur Presents updated qualitative and quantitative findings Introduces the concept of microinterventions Contains new coverage throughout the text with fresh examples and new research findings from a wide range of studies Written for students, faculty, and practitioners of psychology, education, social work, and related disciplines, the revised edition of Microaggressions in Everyday Life illustrates the impact microaggressions have on both targets and perpetrators and offers suggestions to eradicate microaggressions.
Book Synopsis Racial Melancholia, Racial Dissociation by : David L. Eng
Download or read book Racial Melancholia, Racial Dissociation written by David L. Eng and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-17 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Racial Melancholia, Racial Dissociation critic David L. Eng and psychotherapist Shinhee Han draw on case histories from the mid-1990s to the present to explore the social and psychic predicaments of Asian American young adults from Generation X to Generation Y. Combining critical race theory with several strands of psychoanalytic thought, they develop the concepts of racial melancholia and racial dissociation to investigate changing processes of loss associated with immigration, displacement, diaspora, and assimilation. These case studies of first- and second-generation Asian Americans deal with a range of difficulties, from depression, suicide, and the politics of coming out to broader issues of the model minority stereotype, transnational adoption, parachute children, colorblind discourses in the United States, and the rise of Asia under globalization. Throughout, Eng and Han link psychoanalysis to larger structural and historical phenomena, illuminating how the study of psychic processes of individuals can inform investigations of race, sexuality, and immigration while creating a more sustained conversation about the social lives of Asian Americans and Asians in the diaspora.
Book Synopsis Microintervention Strategies by : Derald Wing Sue
Download or read book Microintervention Strategies written by Derald Wing Sue and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-03 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how you can help combat micro and macroaggressions against socially devalued groups with this authoritative new resource Microintervention Strategies: What You Can Do to Disarm and Dismantle Indivdiual and Systemic Racism and Bias, delivers a cutting-edge exploration and extension of the concept of microinterventions to combat micro and macroaggressions targeted at marginalized groups in our society. While racial bias is the primary example used throughout the book, the author’s approach is applicable to virtually all forms of bias and discrimination, including that directed at those with disabilities, LGBTQ people, women, and others. The book calls out unfair and biased institutional policies and practices and presents strategies to help reduce the impact of sexism, heterosexism, ableism, and classism. It provides a new conceptual framework for distinguishing between the different categories of microinterventions, or individual anti-bias actions, and offers specific, concrete, and practical advice for taking a stand against micro and macroaggressions. Microintervention Strategies delivers the knowledge and skills necessary to confront individual and institutional manifestations of oppression. Readers will also enjoy: - A thorough introduction to the major conceptual distictions between micro and macroaggressions and an explanation of the manifestations, dynamics, and impact of bias on marginalized groups. - An exploration of the meaning and definition of micorinterventions, including a categorization into three types: microaffirmations, micorprotections, and microchallenges. - A review of literature that discusses the positive benefits that accrue to targets, allies, bystanders, and others when microinterventions take place. - A discussion of major barriers to acting against prejudice and discrimination. Perfect for undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in psychology, education, social work, and political science, Microintervention Strategies will also earn a place in the libraries of psychologists, educators, parents, and teachers, who hope to do their part to combat microaggressions and other forms of bias and discrimination.
