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Development Of Novel High Strength Composite Calcium Phosphate Cement For Orthopedic Applications
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Book Synopsis Development of Novel High Strength Composite Calcium Phosphate Cement for Orthopedic Applications by : S M Mahmudul Hassan
Download or read book Development of Novel High Strength Composite Calcium Phosphate Cement for Orthopedic Applications written by S M Mahmudul Hassan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Developments and Applications of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements by : Changsheng Liu
Download or read book Developments and Applications of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements written by Changsheng Liu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state-of-the-art review of the latest advances in developing calcium- phosphate bone cements and their applications. It covers the synthesis methods, characterization approaches, material modification and novel binders, as well as the fabrication technologies of calcium-phosphate-based biomaterials in regenerative medicine and their clinical applications. It also highlights methodologies for fabricating scaffolds, biofunctional surfaces/interfaces and subsequently modulating the host response to implantable/injectable materials, and integrates a series of discussions and insights into calcium-phosphate cements and constructs in bone regenerative medicine. As such, the book not only covers the fundamentals but also opens new avenues for meeting future challenges in research and clinical applications.
Book Synopsis Development of Novel Magnesium Phosphate Bone Cement by : Niloufar Rostami
Download or read book Development of Novel Magnesium Phosphate Bone Cement written by Niloufar Rostami and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study aims to develop a novel magnesium phosphate based injectable cement for orthopedic applications. Magnesium phosphate cements (MPC) provide more favorable clinical performances including shorter setting time, and higher resorption rates and strength, as compared to the commonly used calcium phosphate cements. These features make magnesium cements great potential candidates for orthopedic and dental applications. In this study, the magnesium phosphate cement is prepared using a microwave assisted precipitation process. An experimental study is conducted to evaluate developed phases, setting times, injectability, and mechanical strength of the prepared cement. X-ray diffraction and SEM techniques are used to characterize the structure of powders with or without physiological conditions. Physiological conditions are simulated by soaking MPC pellets in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). To determine the cytotoxicity effects of the as-synthesized magnesium phosphate cements, the mammalian preosteoblast cells are cultured on the MPC samples and the biocompatibility of the materials is confirmed.
Book Synopsis Cement Based Materials by : Hosam El-Din M. Saleh
Download or read book Cement Based Materials written by Hosam El-Din M. Saleh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cement-based materials have been used by humans nearly since the dawn of civilization. The Egyptians used lime and gypsum cement to bind their aggregate materials, mud and straw, resulting in bricks that are used for building their famous Egyptian pyramids (between 3000 and 2500 BC). Hydrated cement is a cement material bonded together with water and used for building construction; it is characterized by acceptable chemical, physical, thermal, mechanical, and structural stability. It plays a main role in the creation of vessels for storage, roads to travel on, weather-resistant structure for protection, inert hard stabilizer for hazardous wastes, and so on. Due to the composition of these materials and their advantages, it has been practiced in different applications. Cement is an essential component of making concrete, the single most prevalent building material used worldwide for construction, skyscrapers, highways, tunnels, bridges, hydraulic dams, and railway ties. Besides their numerous desired properties, there are some undesirable features. To overcome these disadvantages, several studies were established to prepare, improve, and evaluate innovative cement-based materials. Despite its oldness and deep research, every year several methods and materials evolve and so do cement technology. This book intends to provide a comprehensive overview on recent advances in the evaluation of these materials.
Book Synopsis Development of High Strength Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous Cement with Nanosilica Sol by : Timothy John Franklin Luchini
Download or read book Development of High Strength Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous Cement with Nanosilica Sol written by Timothy John Franklin Luchini and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous (DCPA, Monetite) based materials have large potential as bone repair substitutes and drug delivery systems due to high bioactivity and known solubility in body fluid, and they could provide useful scaffolds in tissue engineering and orthopedic applications. Clinicians increasingly need bone scaffolds to replace autogenous tissue in endontic and orthopedic applications as an aging world population is affected by injury and disease. Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous is a biologically active material that can act as filler in the absence of bone. However, being a ceramic material, poor mechanical properties and fracture toughness in comparison to bone make DCPA inappropriate for complete load bearing applications. Additionally, the production of DCPA generally utilizes a high temperature exothermic reaction which is difficult to repeat and control as well as having to set before implantation in the human body. A diverse range of materials and fibers have been added to Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous Cements to act as reinforcements to increase their mechanical properties. The aim of this study is to produce an improved composite of augmented Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous Cement, through a novel microwave assisted production process, and the addition of nanosilica sol as reinforcement to increase mechanical properties. This is of interest because Silicon is a biocompatible element, which can be formed into biodegradable compounds, shown to enhance the mechanical properties of calcium phosphate cements. This study also investigates the bioactivity of this DCPA based cement infused with silica. The reported properties are designed for use in a clinical setting where a clinician needs 6-12 minutes during a surgical procedure to work with cement after mixing.
Book Synopsis Development of Highly-filled, Bioactive Acrylic-based Composite Bone Cements for Orthopedic and Craniofacial Surgery by : Lucas Carlos Rodriguez
Download or read book Development of Highly-filled, Bioactive Acrylic-based Composite Bone Cements for Orthopedic and Craniofacial Surgery written by Lucas Carlos Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone cements are used in a variety of healthcare specialties ranging from orthopedics to dentistry to craniofacial surgery to spinal disc reconstruction. These materials need characteristics which mimic their surrounding tissues. Currently available materials have struggled to maintain these necessary characteristics. Poly (methyl methacrylate) is a very high strength bio-inert polymer which has been utilized in healthcare since the 1940's. Calcium phosphate cements are well established as being bone mimicking, but cannot sustain the compressive loads in a weight bearing application. This study sought to solve the problem of currently available bone cements by filling calcium phosphates and antimicrobials into an acrylic polymer matrix. The intended outcome was a material capable of retaining high mechanical stability from the acrylic polymer phase, while becoming sufficiently bone mimicking and antimicrobial. This thesis work presented, characterizes the material properties of the developed materials and eventually isolates a material of interest for future studies.
Book Synopsis Development of Fully Injectable Novel Compositions of Phosphate Cements for Orthopedic Applications by : Terry James Schulin
Download or read book Development of Fully Injectable Novel Compositions of Phosphate Cements for Orthopedic Applications written by Terry James Schulin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of a Novel Dual Paste Injectable Calcium Phosphate Cement for Bone Void Filling by : Aoife Culliton
Download or read book Development of a Novel Dual Paste Injectable Calcium Phosphate Cement for Bone Void Filling written by Aoife Culliton and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Novel Formulations of Bioactive Glass Based Calcium Phosphate Cement for Bone Grafting by : Alessia D'Onofrio
Download or read book Development of Novel Formulations of Bioactive Glass Based Calcium Phosphate Cement for Bone Grafting written by Alessia D'Onofrio and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Calcium Orthophosphates by : Sergey V. Dorozhkin
Download or read book Calcium Orthophosphates written by Sergey V. Dorozhkin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-04 with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium orthophospha
Book Synopsis A New Generation of Polymer/ceramic Composite Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration by : Mehrnaz Salarian
Download or read book A New Generation of Polymer/ceramic Composite Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration written by Mehrnaz Salarian and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a substantial emerging interest for fundamental and applied research on the reinforcement of polymeric materials using nanotechnology. In the biomedical industry, development of novel bone cement composite materials with enhanced mechanical properties is of tremendous potential importance. The most universally used injectable bone cement is made of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA); however, the major disadvantage of PMMA is its non-biodegradability. Polymers such as poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) and polycaprolactone (PCL) are biodegradable, but suffer from a lack of mechanical properties. The aim of this research was to test the efficacy of these biodegradable polymers integrating nanotechnology for the development of composite biomaterials with improved mechanical properties sufficient for bone cements. This goal was investigated through a range of different studies. Focusing on nanostructured titania (n-TiO2) initially, titania nanofibers (n-TiO2 fibers) and nanowires (n-TiO2 wires) were introduced into a PPF matrix for potential use as an orthopaedic biomaterial to treat skeletal bone defects and diseases such as osteonecrosis. PPF was modified with maleic anhydride to provide functionality for the coordination of PPF to the surface of TiO2 nanofibers through a ring-opening reaction. The synthesis and modification of PPF were confirmed by NMR (1H and 13C) and XPS. The reaction chemistry of the functionalized PPF and nano-TiO2 was also investigated by XPS and FTIR analyses. The PPF-grafted nano-TiO2 was further employed in the development of bone cement composites by crosslinking/polymerization in the presence of N-vinyl pyrrolidone. Mechanical testing of the resulting bone cement composites demonstrated a significant enhancement of the tensile and flexural properties attributed to the chemical bonding between the PPF matrix and TiO2 nanofibers. On the basis of the determined mechanical properties, an optimum composition was found at 5 wt% loading of n-TiO2 fiber (0.5% in the starting composition) which provided a significant increase in Young's modulus (153%), tensile strength (113%), flexural modulus (196%), and flexural strength (126%) when compared with the unfilled PPF. These improvements were attributed to the chemical linkage of the filler to the polymer matrix which enhances the transfer of a mechanical load to the n-TiO2 fiber, leading to an increase in the mechanical properties of the bone cement composite. Secondly, bone formation is an angiogenesis-dependent process, and the need for treatment modalities that enhance neovascularization is especially important for bone regeneration in necrotic bone. A bone cement system capable of delivering an angiogenic modulator in a controlled manner may have the ability to boost the angiogenic response when injected to an osteonecrotic lesion. Therefore, an angiogenic agent, ginsenoside Rg1, was incorporated into an orthopedic PPF-based cement. Additionally, Sr-doped TiO2 nanofibers synthesized in supercritical CO2 were added to the cement formulation as an alternative radiopacifier to enable visualization of the bone cement composites and potential monitoring of the healing and loosening processes. XPS analysis showed that Sr2+ was doped in the crystalline matrix of anatase with the formation of SrTiO3. The strong nterfacial adhesion between PPF and nanofibers were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XPS, and thermal analyses and mechanical testing. The Sr-doped n-TiO2 fibers were shown to provide reasonably higher radiopacity to the PPF matrix, which is 0.32 ± 0.03 mm Al, than the unmodified fibers at the same loading level (0.20 ± 0.01 mm Al). In addition, bone cement composites loaded with ginsenoside Rg1 were found to provide a high drug release without sacrificing the mechanical properties of the bone cement. Furthermore, tube formation bioassays suggested that human umbilical vein endothelial cell lines would rearrange and align into a tubular structure in the presence of ginsenoside Rg1. Consequently, the proposed cement combines the immediate mechanical support given by the chemical bonding between the filler/polymer and optimum radiopacity (0.30 ± 0.12 mm Al) due to the incorporation of the Sr-doped TiO2 nanofibers to PPF matrix. Thirdly, because of the unique biological activities of ginsenoside Rg1, upregulating in vitro proliferation, migration, chemo-invasion, and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), Rg1 can be incorporated into scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering applications. This incorporation could be achieved by encapsulation of ginsenoside Rg1 in biodegradable microspheres of PPF. Rg1-loaded PPF microspheres were prepared by both a double emulsion and a microfluidic technique for the first time in this research. The size and morphology of the Rg1-loaded PPF microspheres were characterized by SEM, showing unimodal 50-65?m size diameters using the microfluidic technique, ideal for easy flowing powders required in commercial formulations. The PPF microspheres produced from the microfluidic technique gave high encapsulation efficiencies of up to 95.35 ± 0.82%, while those obtained from a conventional double emulsion method gave a much broader size distribution in the range of 2-45?m with lower encapsulation efficiencies of 78.48 ± 1.68%. Release profiles were studied and quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, with the results showing a lower initial burst in the release of Rg1 from the unimodal microspheres prepared by the microfluidic technique than from the double emulsion method. The burst effect was followed by a slow release profile which can be used for long term drug delivery applications to maintain the ginsenoside Rg1 concentration for an extended time period. Moreover, the released Rg1 showed a significant stimulatory effect on angiogenesis behavior and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Therefore, PPF microspheres developed in this study have potential for next-generation biomedical agents in drug-release devices for bone tissue engineering. Finally, the use of hydroxyapatite HAp is rather limited for heavy load-bearing applications due to low mechanical reliability and poor processability. Therefore, immobilization of a biocompatible metal/metal oxide on the surface of HAp has been receiving increased attention for applications involving the enhancement of mechanical properties of biocompatible prostheses. A novel nanostructured HAp and a composite of HAp and TiO2 with ultrafine structure and significantly improved mechanical properties were prepared using combined co-precipitation and sol-gel method in the green solvent, scCO2, and incorporated into polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix to develop scaffolds with enhanced physical and mechanical properties for bone regeneration. SEM and TEM analyses were employed to examine the morphology of the HAp nanoplates and HAp-TiO2 nanocomposites. The presence of Ti, O, Ca, and P in the HAp-TiO2 nanocomposites was detected by EDX. In addition, the effect of metal alkoxide concentration, reaction temperature, and pressure on the morphology, crystallinity, and surface area of the resulting nanostructured composites was examined using SEM, XRD, and the BET method. Chemical composition of the products were characterized using FTIR, XPS, and XANES analyses. TGA analysis was performed to investigate thermal behavior of the synthesized nanomaterials. Mechanical testing revealed a significant increase in the Young's modulus (88.6%), tensile strength (122%), flexural modulus (47%), and flexural strength (59.6%) of PCL/HAp-TiO2 composites containing 20 wt % HAp-TiO2 compared to PCL/HAp composites.
Book Synopsis Advanced Synthesis and Medical Applications of Calcium Phosphates by : S.S. Nanda
Download or read book Advanced Synthesis and Medical Applications of Calcium Phosphates written by S.S. Nanda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-05-15 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calcium phosphate materials are used in many medical and dental applications. Advanced Synthesis and Medical Applications of Calcium Phosphates covers the structure, chemistry, synthesis, and properties of both natural and synthetic calcium-based biomaterials and details a variety of medical applications. Depicts the latest advances in using calcium phosphates in bone regeneration and tissue engineering Includes the latest generation of regenerative biomaterials with an integrated perspective combining both research and clinical issues Provides an understanding of the clinical targets and requirements for regenerative medicine Detailing fundamentals through applications, this book helps biomaterials researchers to better understand the clinical targets and requirements for use of these materials for optimal synthesis and development.
Book Synopsis The Study and Development of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement and Hydroxy Apatite Nanofibers by : Wen Wang Ritts
Download or read book The Study and Development of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement and Hydroxy Apatite Nanofibers written by Wen Wang Ritts and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to have better understanding of the influence of the raw materials of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs), including both powder and liquid, on the properties of the of CPCs and eventually develop a way to better control and/or improve cement properties, we have 1) developed a liquid recipe primarily containing sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which can regulate the setting time, injectability and mechanical strength of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) - dicalcium phosphate (DCPA) cements, 2) applied various polymer additives, including chitosan lactate (chitosan), poly (ethyleneimine) (PEI) and poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) to tailor the setting time, injectability and mechanical properties of polymer-apatite cement as bone substitute, and 3) synthesized high aspect-ratio hydroxyapatite (HA) nanofibers, applied such HA nanofibers as additives to the cements, and also investigated the properties of the cement composites containing nanofibers. The chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the raw materials and resulting calcium phosphate cements and composites have been characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and Instron universal mechanical testing machine.
Book Synopsis Calcium Phosphate Nanocoatings for Bone Regeneration by : Andy H. Choi
Download or read book Calcium Phosphate Nanocoatings for Bone Regeneration written by Andy H. Choi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-11 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth assessment on the latest clinical advances in multifunctional calcium phosphate nanocoatings and its influence on bone regeneration and early healing following implantation. A greater emphasis will be placed on the use of nanocomposite coatings to deliver biological materials such as mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, bone morphogenetic and extracellular matrix proteins, and pharmaceutics such as simvastatin to improve and promote bone growth as well as reducing the timeframe needed for implant integration in both healthy and osteoporotic patients. The content of the book caters to clinical practitioners and researchers working in the field of biomaterials for bone regeneration.
Book Synopsis DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL MAGNESIUM DOPED CITRATE BASED POLYMER COMPOSITE FOR ORTHOPEDIC ENGINEERING. by : Kevin Rahn
Download or read book DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL MAGNESIUM DOPED CITRATE BASED POLYMER COMPOSITE FOR ORTHOPEDIC ENGINEERING. written by Kevin Rahn and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current bone substitute materials vary greatly both in their manufacturing techniques and compositions, but many still lack the mechanical, biological, and fabrication properties for a clinically ready bone substitute material. The goal of this study was to develop a novel self-setting polymer/ceramic composite bone cement with improved manufacturability through the use of a citrate polymer, a calcium phosphate mineral phase, and magnesium oxide as a self-setting agent. Magnesium oxide (MgO) was shown to quickly self-set POC (poly (octamethylene citrate)) polymer and POC/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites suitable as bone tissue substitute materials. A predictive model for the setting time of the cement as a function of cement composition was developed, as well as a preliminary setting reaction mechanism model for the cement. The mechanical properties of the cement, including the peak stress, Youngs modulus, and peak strain were characterized and shown in cases of lower MgO concentrations to significantly improve the peak stress and Youngs modulus of the material. Additionally, the cytotoxicity, degradation, pH response, and swelling response of the material were shown to be either comparable, or an improvement on POC/HA control composites. Finally, and most notably, the increased ease of fabrication of porous and solid scaffolds through injection molding was demonstrated, providing a drastic improvement on current routes of fabrication for POC/HA composites. The applicability of magnesium oxide self-setting was also demonstrated in other polymers of the citrate polymer family, including crosslinked urethane doped polyester elastomers (CUPE), biodegradable photoluminescent polymer (BPLP), and POC-click.
Book Synopsis Bone Cements and Cementing Technique by : U. Henze
Download or read book Bone Cements and Cementing Technique written by U. Henze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G. H. I. M. WALENKAMP, D. W. MURRAY Since the first use of bone cement, there has been much discussion about this important tool in arthroplasty. Many authors consider the cemented prosthesis as the gold standard when evaluating the outcome of primary prostheses. In a large number of total hip arthroplasties, as registered in the Scandi navian Hip Registers, important differences in revision risks have been docu mented between hospitals. These differences are partly due to the use of di verse cement techniques. In the analysis of data, the influence of these tech niques, as well as the different cement types, is clear. A recent disaster with a newly developed cement also illustrated that the quality of the cement must be assured, and that the introduction of a new material must be carefully prepared and followed-up. The new Palamed cement has been developed by the makers of the well known Palacos and Refobacin Palacos, which appeared to be the best ce ments in the Swedish register. An improvement was noted in slightly better handling characteristics, but the end product is the same as Palacos. As men tioned, this cement will be carefully followed-up in the near future. However, its introduction is a good reason to gather the expertise of some of the lead ing figures in the field in this book. II History of Bone Cements CHAPTER 2. 1 Industrial Development of Bone Cement Twenty-Five Years of Experience w. EGE, K. D.
Book Synopsis Bioceramics and their Clinical Applications by : Tadashi Kokubo
Download or read book Bioceramics and their Clinical Applications written by Tadashi Kokubo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-03-25 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioceramics have been used very successfully within the human body for many years. They are commonly used in orthopaedic surgery and dentistry but they are potentially suitable for a wide range of important applications within the medical device industry. This important book reviews the range of bioceramics, their properties and range of clinical uses.Chapters in the first section of the book discusses issues of significance to a range of bioceramics such as their structure, mechanical properties and biological interactions. The second part reviews the fabrication, microstructure and properties of specific bioceramics and glasses, concentrating on the most promising materials. These include alumina and zirconia ceramics, bioactive glasses and bioactive glass-ceramics, calcium sulphate, tricalcium phosphate-based ceramics, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite biphasic ceramics, si-substrated hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate cement, calcium phosphate coating, titania-based materials, ceramic-polymer composites, dental ceramics and dental glass-ceramics. The final group of chapters reviews the clinical applications of bioceramics in joint replacement, bone grafts, tissue engineering and dentistry.Bioceramics and their clinical applications is written by leading academics from around the world and it provides an authoritative review of this highly active area of research. This book is a useful resource for biomaterials scientists and engineers, as well as for clinicians and the academic community. Provides an authoritative review of this highly active area of research Discusses issues of significance of a range of bioceramics such as their structure, mechanical properties and biological interactions Reviews the clinical applications of bioceramics in joint replacement, bone grafts, tissue engineering and dentistry