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Development Of Ni Catalysts With Low Metal Content And Improved Stability In The Dry Reforming Of Methane To Syngas
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Book Synopsis Development of Ni Catalysts with Low Metal Content and Improved Stability in the Dry Reforming of Methane to Syngas by : Quan Luu Manh Ha
Download or read book Development of Ni Catalysts with Low Metal Content and Improved Stability in the Dry Reforming of Methane to Syngas written by Quan Luu Manh Ha and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysts with 2.5 wt% Ni supported on MgO-Al2O3 were developed for CH4 dry reform-ing (DRM) that are stable at either mild (stoichiometric) or severe (CH4-rich) conditions. Solid materials were characterized with suitable methods. Catalysts with NiO-MgO-Al2O3 solid solution were active even at 500 °C. In stoichiometric DRM, Ni catalyst modified with La and citric acid reduced both Ni re-oxidation and agglomeration, preserving high activity over 160 h. Besides, proper support pre-treatment or adding Gd3+ both offered outstandingly coking-resistant Ni-based catalysts for CH4-rich DRM over 100 h.eng
Book Synopsis New and Future Developments in Catalysis by : Dapeng Liu
Download or read book New and Future Developments in Catalysis written by Dapeng Liu and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-11 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalysts for Syngas Production by : Javier Ereña Loizaga
Download or read book Catalysts for Syngas Production written by Javier Ereña Loizaga and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue on “Catalysts for Syngas Production”, included in the Catalysts open access journal, shows new research about the development of catalysts and catalytic routes for syngas production, and the optimization of the reaction conditions for the process. This issue includes ten articles about the different innovative processes for syngas production. Synthesis gas (or syngas) is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, with different chemical composition and H2/CO molar ratios, depending on the feedstock and production technology used. Syngas may be obtained from alternative sources to oil, such as natural gas, coal, biomass, organic wastes, etc. Syngas is a very good intermediate for the production of high value compounds at the industrial scale, such as hydrogen, methanol, liquid fuels, and a wide range of chemicals. Accordingly, efforts should be made on the co-feeding of CO2 with syngas, as an alternative for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, more syngas will be required in the near future, in order to satisfy the demand for synfuels and high value chemicals.
Book Synopsis Reforming of Methane Over Ni-based Catalyst by : Ye Wang
Download or read book Reforming of Methane Over Ni-based Catalyst written by Ye Wang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dry reforming of methane represents an attractive way to the conversion of two greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) into valuable products. Transition metal Ni is universally considered as an alternative to noble metal for DRM, due to its high activity and low cost. However, Ni-based catalysts suffered deactivation resulted from sintering of the active phase and carbon deposition, thus its practical application is not actually possible. So, there is a need to develop a cost-effective catalyst, able to withstand high temperatures and able to resist deactivation.First, the Ni-Zr catalysts were prepared by the one step urea hydrolysis method and were evaluated on the dry reforming of methane. Secondly, different promoters (such as Y, Al, Mn, and Mg) with Ni-Zr were co-synthesized by the same method (urea hydrolysis). The relationship between performance and structure is analyzed by activity test and multiple characterizations, such as BET, XRD, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, TEM, XPS and Raman. Among them, the Y-modified catalysts improved the resistance to carbon deposition by increasing the weak and medium-strength basic sites. Also, the presence of Al could enhance the catalytic performance due to larger pore volume and diameter after aluminum introduction. The addition of Mn led to the increase of the catalytic activity with time on stream because of a more stable structure of ZrO2 species and a redistribution of nickel species.Thus, the choices of different promoters result in diversification in the specific surface area, Ni0 crystallite size, and basicity, which may further affect the catalytic performance of prepared catalysts.
Book Synopsis The Development of Commercially Viable Ni Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane by : Yong Tak Kwon
Download or read book The Development of Commercially Viable Ni Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane written by Yong Tak Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to environmental concerns, dry reforming of methane (DRM), which converts two major greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2) into syngas (H2 and CO), has gained increasing attention in recent years. This research aims to contribute to the development of a commercially viable Ni catalyst for DRM. Firstly, a study on the oxide-phase origin of the Ni metal in Ni/Al2O3 catalysts was conducted and published. Different Ni metal sources, such as NiO or NiAl2O4, influenced important properties of the fully reduced Ni/Al2O3 catalysts, including Ni particle size, dispersion, and metal-support interactions. Notably, the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst obtained from the NiAl2O4 phase showed the most active, selective, and stable performance with limited carbon deposits buildup. To investigate carbonaceous species on the spent Ni/Al2O3 catalysts, the catalytic behavior of the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst for carbon formation from CH4 decomposition and its removal by the reverse Boudouard reaction was examined via sequential temperature-programmed experiments. By carefully considering both the location and characteristics of carbon deposits formed on the spent Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, it was concluded that carbons located on the Al2O3 support are challenging to remove by CO2 regardless of their nature, indicating the importance of support activity in reducing carbon deposits. This study demonstrated the efficacy of the incorporation of cesium (Cs) into the Al2O3 support. Finally, a physical mixture of Ru/Al2O3 with Ni/Al2O3 obtained from the NiAl2O4 phase was suggested as a highly active, durable, and cost-effective catalyst for DRM. By using a NiAl2O4 phase and conducting in-situ reduction by CH4 under reaction conditions, the formation of metallic Ni sites was limited depending on the reaction temperatures. As a result, this mixed catalyst showed higher performance for DRM than a single Ru catalyst, with mild carbon deposits, taking advantage of improved cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, the presence of a Ni catalyst compensated for the loss of activity of a Ru catalyst caused by sintering at high temperature
Book Synopsis New Routes of Preparation of Active and Stable Mesoporous Ni-alumina Based Catalysts for Methane Dry Reforming and CO2 Methanation by : Leila Karam
Download or read book New Routes of Preparation of Active and Stable Mesoporous Ni-alumina Based Catalysts for Methane Dry Reforming and CO2 Methanation written by Leila Karam and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a process that converts CH4 and CO2 gases into syngas, a gaseous mixture of H2 and CO. Ni based catalysts proved to be suitable for the reaction due to their good activity, wider availability and lower cost than noble-based materials. However, these catalysts are not stable due to Ni sintering and coke deposition. In this thesis we developed two different synthesis routes of mesoporous Ni-Al2O3 based catalysts that can occlude Ni inside the pores achieving high activity and stability in DRM. A set of complimentary physicochemical techniques was systematically applied to thoroughly investigate the materials properties at all steps of preparation and activation. The first approach embraces synthesis of mesoporous Ni-Mg-Al2O3 materials by one-pot EISA strategy. Results demonstrate that 15 wt% Mg (optimum loading) based sample contribute to high and homogenous dispersion of both Ni and Mg, preserving ordered mesoporous Al2O3 walls. The good structural and textural characteristics in addition to the enhanced basicity reinforce activity and stability. The second method involves synthesizing new mesoporous Ni-Al2O3 materials using metal-organic framework as sacrificial template. This procedure results in small Ni nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed and stabilized within the high surface area support resisting sintering and inhibiting carbon nanotubes formation during reforming reaction. Based on catalytic tests completed by thermodynamics calculations, the synthesized materials proved to be eficient not only for dry reforming of methane, but also for CO2 methanation reaction and dry reforming of waste pyrolysis products.
Book Synopsis Dry Reforming of Methane on Promoted (LA, MG, and RH) NI Based Catalyst Supported on Commercial Silica by : Ali khansa
Download or read book Dry Reforming of Methane on Promoted (LA, MG, and RH) NI Based Catalyst Supported on Commercial Silica written by Ali khansa and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalyst Development for Dry Reforming of Methane and Low-temperature Water-gas Shift Reaction by : Rothman Yu-Fai Kam
Download or read book Catalyst Development for Dry Reforming of Methane and Low-temperature Water-gas Shift Reaction written by Rothman Yu-Fai Kam and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both dry reforming of methane (DRM) and low-temperature water-gas shift (LT-WGS) processes can be integrated into a fuel cell plant and are utilised for the production of hydrogen as an important energy source for fuel cells. Improvement of current catalytic systems, and identification and development of alternative catalysts for DRM and LT-WGS reactions have formed the basis of this study. In the first stage of the work, the influence of WO3 on a Pt/CeO2 catalyst was investigated for the dry reforming of methane. It was found that Pt/CeO2 catalysts loaded with WO3 at 10 mol% to 20 mol% were very stable during 20 hours of dry reforming of methane operation in comparison to a commercial Ni catalyst. However further addition of WO3 (>70%) promoted coking on the Pt/CeO2 sample, ultimately leading to catalyst deactivation. It was also desirable to develop catalysts with higher activity to reduce operating cost, thus the physicochemical properties of different materials were assessed to identify parameters important for LT-WGS activity. Copper catalysts on metal oxide support (CeO2, ZnO, TiO2, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, MgO and SnO2) were screened, while characterisation showed the catalyst adsorbing H2O and CO was crucial in generating LT-WGS activity, with Cu/ZnO attaining the highest LT-WGS activity. Lanthanum (La) was known to have high affinity for H2O, hence the effects of La doping on Cu/ZnO catalysts for use in LT-WGS reaction was investigated. The findings indicated the La promoter improved activity at a loading of 2.3 wt%, above which the activity significantly decreased. A systematic investigation has also been conducted on the effects of oxygen introduction on the Cu-based and Pt-based catalysts during LT-WGS operation with particular attention on the pyrophoricity (i.e. vulnerability to oxidative sintering) of the catalysts, and the impacts on key material characteristics. The objective was to examine whether the catalysts were suitable for fuel cell applications. It was observed that the Cu-based catalysts were pyrophoric and therefore not a suitable catalyst. No pyrophoricity was observed for Pt-based catalysts. Pt/CeO2 was the only catalyst that retained its activity, displaying no loss in specific surface area or metal dispersion throughout the entire process, rendering it a suitable candidate for fuel cell systems.
Book Synopsis HIGHLY EFFICIENT AND STABLE NI-BASED CATALYSTS FOR DRY REFORMING OF METHANE by :
Download or read book HIGHLY EFFICIENT AND STABLE NI-BASED CATALYSTS FOR DRY REFORMING OF METHANE written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The development of highly efficient and stable catalysts for dry reforming of methane (DRM) and the revealing of catalyst structural evolution during DRM process are necessary. In this dissertation, the research work was focused on (1) DRM performance enhancement of NiO/MgO solid solution by tuning the crystal particle size of MgO, (2) the effect of NiO/MgO solid solution formation on DRM performance, (3) the structural evolution of NiO/MgO catalyst under long-term DRM operation, and (4) the stabilization of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst by a NiAl2O4 isolation layer for DRM. First, the crystal particle size of MgO was tuned by ball-milling and then exploited to prepare NiO/MgO solid solution catalysts. It was revealed that the catalytic activity of NiO/MgO solid solution catalyst for DRM could be promoted by decreasing MgO crystal size. The structures of NiO/MgO catalysts were correlated with their catalytic performance (Chapter 3). The formation effects of the solid solution catalysts were revealed, including the generation of abundant mesopores, the promotion of CO2 absorption, and the limitation of CO adsorption. Consequently, the solid solution catalysts exhibited the excellent catalytic activity and stability for DRM (Chapter 4). The structural evolution of the NiO/MgO solid solution catalyst was examined with long duration test of DRM. It was demonstrated that Ni nanoparticles (NPs) of the catalyst grow from 5 to 36 nm after the operation for 1500 hours, which was resulted from the Ni exsolution induced by the reactant gas, while no coking was formed on the xxii catalyst. The unique bonds between metallic Ni and Mg were firstly found to play an important role in the superior performance of the catalyst (Chapter 5). It was found that a NiAl2O4 spinel isolation layer could be generated when the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was treated under a repeated reduction-reaction process. The isolation layer can prevent active Ni sites from the contact to Al2O3 surface, thus enhancing the stability of the catalyst (Chapter 6).
Book Synopsis CO2: A Valuable Source of Carbon by : Marcello De De Falco
Download or read book CO2: A Valuable Source of Carbon written by Marcello De De Falco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-30 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the annual production of carbon Dioxide (CO2) reaches 30 billion tones, the growing issue of the greenhouse effect has triggered the development of technologies for CO2 sequestration, storage and use as a reactant. Collecting together the reports of the Congress at University of Rome (Campus Bio-medico) held 16th April 2012, CO2: A Valuable Source of Carbon presents and discusses promising technologies for the industrial exploitation of CO2. Divided into two parts, the current technology is evaluated and summarized before European and national projects are presented. The focus on CO2 recovery, particularly in value-added production, proposes applicable methods to develop sustainable practices and even to mitigate greenhouse gas emission from large-scale fossil fuels usage. Including current data and real-world examples, CO2: A valuable source of carbon provides students, engineers, researchers and industry professional with up-to-date material and potential areas for development and research.
Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Catalysis in Industrial Practice by : Charles N. Satterfield
Download or read book Heterogeneous Catalysis in Industrial Practice written by Charles N. Satterfield and published by Krieger Publishing Company. This book was released on 1996 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blending theory and practice, this text provides the information needed to work with solid catalysts in the laboratory, pilot plant or commercial installation. This revised and expanded edition incorporates recent theories and industrial applications.
Book Synopsis Dry Reforming of Methane to Produce Syngas Over Ni-based Bimodal Pore Catalysts by : Zhenghong Bao
Download or read book Dry Reforming of Methane to Produce Syngas Over Ni-based Bimodal Pore Catalysts written by Zhenghong Bao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dry reforming of methane is an important reaction to generate syngas from two greenhouse gases. The syngas can be used in Fishcher-Tropsch synthesis to produce value added chemicals. Chapter I reviews the catalytic conversion of methane and carbon dioxide to syngas, including DRM reaction chemistry, catalysts used in this process, catalyst deactivation, and the kinetics of DRM reaction. Chapter II discusses the development of bimodal pore NiCeMgAl catalysts for DRM reaction. Bimodal pore NiCeMgAl catalysts were synthesized via the refluxed coprecipitation method and systematically investigated the influence of active metal loading, calcination temperature, reduction temperature and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) on the catalytic performance of DRM reaction. The Ni15CeMgAl sample with 15 wt% NiO loading was found to be active enough at 750 °C with a high CH4 conversion of 96.5%. The proper reduction temperature for the NiCeMgAl catalyst is either 550–650 °C or 850 °C. Higher calcination temperature favors the formation of NiAl2O4 and MgAl2O4 spinel structures. Compared with non-bimodal pore NiCeMgAl catalyst, bimodal pore NiCeMgAl catalyst has a longer stability in the feed gas without dilution. In chapter III, the kinetic behavior of bimodal pore NiCeMgAl catalyst for DRM reaction was investigated after the elimination of external and internal diffusion effects in a fixed-bed reactor as a function of temperature and partial pressures of reactants and products. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was developed assuming that the carbon deposition is ignorable but the RWGS reaction is non-ignorable and the removal of adsorbed carbon intermediate is the rate-determining step. A nonlinear least-square method was applied to solve the kinetic parameters. The derived kinetic expression fits the experimental data very well with a R2 above 0.97, and predicts the products flow rate satisfactorily. Chapter IV documents the results of in situ XRD study on the NiMgAl catalyst for DRM reaction. The phase evolution of a NiMgAl oxide catalyst at the reduction stage was qualitatively analysed and quantitatively determined by employing the continuous changes in XRD intensity and TPR information. The stable crystallite size of both active metal and spinel support is responsible for the long stability of NiMgAl catalyst without carbon deposition during the DRM reaction.
Book Synopsis Fuel Cells: Technologies for Fuel Processing by : Dushyant Shekhawat
Download or read book Fuel Cells: Technologies for Fuel Processing written by Dushyant Shekhawat and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-03-18 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel Cells: Technologies for Fuel Processing provides an overview of the most important aspects of fuel reforming to the generally interested reader, researcher, technologist, teacher, student, or engineer. The topics covered include all aspects of fuel reforming: fundamental chemistry, different modes of reforming, catalysts, catalyst deactivation, fuel desulfurization, reaction engineering, novel reforming concepts, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer issues, system design, and recent research and development. While no attempt is made to describe the fuel cell itself, there is sufficient description of the fuel cell to show how it affects the fuel reformer. By focusing on the fundamentals, this book aims to be a source of information now and in the future. By avoiding time-sensitive information/analysis (e.g., economics) it serves as a single source of information for scientists and engineers in fuel processing technology. The material is presented in such a way that this book will serve as a reference for graduate level courses, fuel cell developers, and fuel cell researchers. Chapters written by experts in each area Extensive bibliography supporting each chapter Detailed index Up-to-date diagrams and full colour illustrations
Book Synopsis Nanoparticle Design and Characterization for Catalytic Applications in Sustainable Chemistry by : Rafael Luque
Download or read book Nanoparticle Design and Characterization for Catalytic Applications in Sustainable Chemistry written by Rafael Luque and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-10-05 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an introduction to the preparation and characterisation of nanomaterials and their design for specific catalytic applications.
Book Synopsis Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications by : Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Download or read book Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications written by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-18 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Production and Preparation is a collection of various chapters concerning many aspects of syngas production technologies, including common methods like gasification, steam/dry/autothermal reforming, membrane technology, etc., along with novel methods like plasma technology, micro-reactors, electrolysis processes as well as photocatalytic systems. In addition, different sources for producing syngas, including oil, crude oil, heavy oil, microalgae, black liquor, tar and bitumen, as well as municipal, agricultural, food, plastic, wood and cardboard wastes are described in detail. Introduces syngas characteristics and its properties Describes various methods and technologies for producing syngas Discusses syngas production from different roots and feedstocks
Book Synopsis Environmental Catalysis by : F J J G Janssen
Download or read book Environmental Catalysis written by F J J G Janssen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999-04-14 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together highlights of a theme which is growing in interest: the creation of a sustainable society using catalysis as the main tool. Catalysts play key roles in the production of clean fuels, the conversion of waste and green raw materials into energy, clean combustion engines including control of NOx and soot production and reduction of greenhouse gases, production of clean water and of polymers, as well as reduction from polymers to monomers. Catalysts are also of prime importance in the developing H2 and syngas production technology, aimed at producing clean fuels for the coming decades. And catalysts can be recycled.
Book Synopsis Development of Inexpensive Catalysts for Hydrogen Production Through the Integration of Stem Reforming of Methane and High Temperature Water Gas Shift by : Trevor L. LeValley
Download or read book Development of Inexpensive Catalysts for Hydrogen Production Through the Integration of Stem Reforming of Methane and High Temperature Water Gas Shift written by Trevor L. LeValley and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is great concern about the increasing demand for energy with respect to carbon emissions, but hydrogen (H2), a clean fuel, could help alleviate this concern. The replacement of fossil fuels with H2 is cost prohibitive, but the integration of steam reforming of methane (SRM) and water gas shift (WGS) could greatly decrease the cost of production. A composite catalyst of nickel, cerium, zirconium, and zinc was designed to provide activity in both the SRM and WGS reactions. The catalysts were characterized by a variety of techniques including BET, TEM, SEM, TPO, and XRD. It was found that the addition of zinc decreased the surface area, and therefore the activity of the SRM reaction, although it increased WGS activity as observed by improved carbon dioxide selectivity and H 2 production. Zinc also increased resistance to carbon deposition. Additionally, aging of precipitates during catalyst synthesis provided improved stability over 48 hours. A Ce/Zr/Zn catalyst doped with 10% Ni and aged for two hours was found to have a final conversion of nearly 20% at 650 °C, and high CO2 selectivity around 55%. This catalyst is an important step in the emerging field of low temperature SRM, a field that could lead to a reduction in carbon emissions.
