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Development Of Low Power Hall Thrusters
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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion by : Dan M. Goebel
Download or read book Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion written by Dan M. Goebel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout most of the twentieth century, electric propulsion was considered the technology of the future. Now, the future has arrived. This important new book explains the fundamentals of electric propulsion for spacecraft and describes in detail the physics and characteristics of the two major electric thrusters in use today, ion and Hall thrusters. The authors provide an introduction to plasma physics in order to allow readers to understand the models and derivations used in determining electric thruster performance. They then go on to present detailed explanations of: Thruster principles Ion thruster plasma generators and accelerator grids Hollow cathodes Hall thrusters Ion and Hall thruster plumes Flight ion and Hall thrusters Based largely on research and development performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and complemented with scores of tables, figures, homework problems, and references, Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters is an indispensable textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students who are preparing to enter the aerospace industry. It also serves as an equally valuable resource for professional engineers already at work in the field.
Book Synopsis Development of a Low-power Hall Effect Thruster by : John William Walter
Download or read book Development of a Low-power Hall Effect Thruster written by John William Walter and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Low-Power Magnetically Shielded Hall Thrusters by : Ryan Conversano
Download or read book Low-Power Magnetically Shielded Hall Thrusters written by Ryan Conversano and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents an investigation of the applicability of magnetic shielding to low-power Hall thrusters as a means to significantly improve operational lifetime. The key life-limiting factors of conventional Hall thrusters, including ion-bombardment sputter erosion of the discharge channel and high-energy electron power deposition to the channel walls, have been investigated extensively for a wide range of thruster scales. As thruster power is reduced to the "miniature" (i.e. sub-500 W) power regime, the increased surface-to-volume ratio of the discharge channel and decreased thruster component sizes promotes increased plasma-wall interactions and susceptibility to overheating, thereby reducing thruster operational lifetime and performance. Although methods for compensating for these issues have been investigated, unshielded miniature Hall thrusters are generally limited to sub-45% anode efficiencies and maximum lifetimes on the order of 1,000 h. A magnetically shielded magnetic field topology aims to maintain a low electron temperature along the channel surfaces and a plasma potential near that of the discharge voltage along the entire surface of the discharge channel along its axial length. These features result in a reduction of the kinetic energy of ions that impact the channel surfaces to near to or below the sputtering threshold, thus preventing significant ion-bombardment erosion of the discharge channel. Improved confinement of high-energy electrons is another byproduct of the field structure, aiding in the reduction of electron power deposition to the channel. Magnetic shielding has been shown to dramatically reduce plasma-wall interactions on 4 - 6 kW Hall thrusters, resulting in significant increases in projected operational lifetimes with minimal effects to thruster performance. In an effort to explore the scalability of magnetic shielding to low-power devices, two magnetically shielded miniature Hall thrusters were designed, fabricated and tested. The performance of the first thruster, called the MaSMi 40, was characterized at an operating condition of 275 V and 325 W. A peak thrust of approximately 13 mN with a specific impulse of approximately 1,100 s at an anode efficiency of approximately 22% were measured at the nominal operating point. Observations of the near exit plasma discharge during operation, and the discharge channel after operation, suggested that the outer channel wall of the thruster was well shielded from ion bombardment while the inner channel wall appeared to be weakly shielded. Further analysis concluded that the MaSMi-40 generated a partially-magnetically shielded field topology. However, the shortcomings of the MaSMi-40's magnetic circuit design were investigated in detail and are now well understood. The second design iteration in the development of a low-power magnetically shielded Hall thruster was the MaSMi-60. Magnetic field measurements confirmed that a symmetric and fully shielded magnetic field topology was generated by this device across a wide range of possible operating conditions. At operating powers of 160 W to nearly 750 W, the key performance metrics of the MaSMi-60 included a measured thrust ranging from approximately 8 mN to over 33 mN with anode specific impulses of up to approximately 1370 s at anode efficiencies of over 28%. Downstream plume measurements identified the primary factors contributing to the low anode efficiency. Visual observations of the discharge plasma and channel walls during and after thruster operation offered strong evidence of magnetic shielding. Erosion rates of the channel were approximated using carbon backsputter measurements; the results suggested a 10x - 100x decrease in wall erosion compared to unshielded Hall thrusters, corresponding to an equal increase in discharge channel lifetime compared to conventional miniature unshielded Hall thrusters. The physics and behaviors of the MaSMi-60's plasma discharge upstream of and in the near-field of the thruster exit plane were investigated using Hall2De, the 2-D axisymmetric code developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the simulation of the partially ionized plasma in Hall thrusters. Simulations of the MaSMi-60 suggested that the thruster achieved the plasma properties required for effective magnetic shielding, including low electron temperatures and a near-constant plasma potential along the channel walls. This was the final piece of evidence suggesting that magnetic shielding was attained at the miniature scale. The experimentally measured performance of the MaSMi-60 was captured by the Hall2De model, offering physical explanations for the low measured anode efficiency and leading to suggestions for improving the performance in future design iterations.
Book Synopsis (AASERT-97) Development of a Field Emitter Cathode for Low-Power Hall Thrusters by :
Download or read book (AASERT-97) Development of a Field Emitter Cathode for Low-Power Hall Thrusters written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel-efficient electric propulsion (EP) systems such as the Closed-Drift Hall thruster (CDT) can greatly enhance the capability of small satellites by reducing spacecraft propellant mass while increasing sensor payload and Deltav. However, a major stumbling block to the development of low-power (
Book Synopsis Performance Evaluation of the SPT-140 by :
Download or read book Performance Evaluation of the SPT-140 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Low Power Hall Thrusters by :
Download or read book Development of Low Power Hall Thrusters written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three different types of sub kilowatt class Hail thrusters tor on-board propulsion of small to mid size satellites are being developed at Busek. This paper describes their performance focusing on plasma behavior outside of the thrusters end contrasts the typical Hail thruster plasma with that encountered in MHD generators end accelerators researched in the past and familiar to the plasmadynamic community. A simple performance predicting analytical model. applicable to all sizes of thrusters also is presented. It adequately matches the measured thrust and specific impulse expressed in terms of primary electron loss parameter, and an overall voltage loss which includes the loss in the plasma bridge between the external cathode and the thruster. The external plasma plume was surveyed using a Faraday cup and an emissive probe to measure the beam current and the plasma potential. These measurements. together with the model support our visual observation that the plume. of a well performing thruster. forms at its center a highly conductive jet with sharply defined cone shaped boundaries. These boundaries were tentatively identified as an ion acoustic shock. The preliminary data and analysis indicate that the plasma downstream of the ion acoustic shock is at least partially responsible for the widely reported correlation between increasing test tank pressure and an increase in performance of Hall thrusters.
Book Synopsis NASA's Hall Thruster Program by : Robert S. Jankovsky
Download or read book NASA's Hall Thruster Program written by Robert S. Jankovsky and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Power Hall Thrusters by : Robert Jankovsky
Download or read book High Power Hall Thrusters written by Robert Jankovsky and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of a Miniature Low Power Cylindrical Hall Thruster for Microsatellites by : Carl Pigeon
Download or read book Development of a Miniature Low Power Cylindrical Hall Thruster for Microsatellites written by Carl Pigeon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To enable more advanced commercial microsatellite missions, a low power electric propulsion system was designed by the University of Toronto Space Flight Laboratory. A prototype cylindrical Hall thruster was first developed using electromagnets. The thruster's performance was evaluated over a range of 20-300 W. At the nominal 200 W operation, 6.2 mN of thrust with a specific impulse of 1139 s was measured with xenon propellant. Significant erosion of the thruster's discharge chamber wall was observed which limited its lifetime to 100 hours. Subsequently, a flight representative version of the thruster was developed. Permanent magnets were used to reduce the size, mass, and power consumption. Changes to the design were implemented to improve lifetime. Performance characterization and literature suggest that a reduction in performance is expected with the use of permanent magnets. Lastly, thermal vacuum and vibration tests were performed to bring the thruster to Technology Readiness Level 6.
Book Synopsis Micropropulsion for Small Spacecraft by : Michael Matthew Micci
Download or read book Micropropulsion for Small Spacecraft written by Michael Matthew Micci and published by AIAA. This book was released on 2000 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physics of Electric Propulsion by : Robert G. Jahn
Download or read book Physics of Electric Propulsion written by Robert G. Jahn and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2006-05-26 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Literaturangaben. - Originally published: New York, NY : McGraw-Hill, 1968
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721531929 Total Pages :30 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Ion Engine and Hall Thruster Development at the NASA Glenn Research Center by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Ion Engine and Hall Thruster Development at the NASA Glenn Research Center written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NASA's Glenn Research Center has been selected to lead development of NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thruster (NEXT) system. The central feature of the NEXT system is an electric propulsion thruster (EPT) that inherits the knowledge gained through the NSTAR thruster that successfully propelled Deep Space 1 to asteroid Braille and comet Borrelly, while significantly increasing the thruster power level and making improvements in performance parameters associated with NSTAR. The EPT concept under development has a 40 cm beam diameter, twice the effective area of the Deep-Space 1 thruster, while maintaining a relatively-small volume. It incorporates mechanical features and operating conditions to maximize the design heritage established by the flight NSTAR 30 cm engine, while incorporating new technology where warranted to extend the power and throughput capability. The NASA Hall thruster program currently supports a number of tasks related to high power thruster development for a number of customers including the Energetics Program (formerly called the Space-based Program), the Space Solar Power Program, and the In-space Propulsion Program. In program year 2002, two tasks were central to the NASA Hall thruster program: 1.) the development of a laboratory Hall thruster capable of providing high thrust at high power; 2.) investigations into operation of Hall thrusters at high specific impulse. In addition to these two primary thruster development activities, there are a number of other on-going activities supported by the NASA Hall thruster program, These additional activities are related to issues such as thruster lifetime and spacecraft integration. Domonkos, Matthew T. and Patterson, Michael J. and Jankovsky, Robert S. Glenn Research Center NASA/TM-2002-211969, NAS 1.15:211969, E-13612, IMECE-2002-34444
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Low Power Hall Thruster Propulsion by : David Manzella
Download or read book Evaluation of Low Power Hall Thruster Propulsion written by David Manzella and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Magnetic Shielding Topology Applied to Low Power Hall Thrusters by : Lou Grimaud
Download or read book Magnetic Shielding Topology Applied to Low Power Hall Thrusters written by Lou Grimaud and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hall thrusters are one of the most used rocket electric propulsion technology. They combine moderate specific impulse with high thrust to power ratio which makes them ideal for a wide range of practical commercial and scientific applications. One of their limitations is the erosion of the thruster walls which reduces their lifespan.The magnetic shielding topology is a proposed solution to prolong the lifespan. It is implemented on a small200W Hall thruster.In this thesis the scaling of classical unshielded Hall thrusters down to 200 and 100W is discussed. A 200W low power magnetically shielded Hall thruster is compared with an identically sized unshielded one. The ion behavior inside the thruster is measured and significant differences are found across the discharge channel.Both thrusters are tested with classical BN-SiO2 and graphite walls. The magnetically shielded thruster is not sensitive to the material change while the discharge current increase by 25% in the unshielded one. The result is a maximum efficiency of 38% for boron nitride in the unshielded thruster but only 31% with graphite.The shielded thruster achieves a significantly lower efficiency with only 25% efficiency with both materials.Analysis of the experimental results as well as simulations of the thrusters reveal that the performance difference is mostly caused by low propellant utilization. This low propellant utilization comes from the fact that the ionization region doesn't cover all of the discharge channel. A new magnetically shielded thruster is designed to solve this issue.
Download or read book Propulsion written by Kazuo Matsuuchi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-12-15 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost all animals move around frequently in space. Their aim is to walk and fly in search of food or to propagate their species. Thus, changing positions is important for creatures’ survival and maintaining the environment. As such, this book examines movement with a focus on force and propulsion. Chapters cover topics including rocket engines, electric propulsion, mechanisms of force, and more.
Book Synopsis Plasma Simulations by Example by : Lubos Brieda
Download or read book Plasma Simulations by Example written by Lubos Brieda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of plasmas is crucial in improving our understanding of the universe, and they are being increasingly utilised in key technologies such as spacecraft thrusters, plasma medicine, and fusion energy. Providing readers with an easy to follow set of examples that clearly illustrate how simulation codes are written, this book guides readers through how to develop C++ computer codes for simulating plasmas primarily with the kinetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method. This text will be invaluable to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics and engineering looking to learn how to put the theory to the test. Features: Provides a step-by-step introduction to plasma simulations with easy to follow examples Discusses the electrostatic and electromagnetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method on structured and unstructured meshes, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and Vlasov solvers Covered topics include Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) collisions, surface interactions, axisymmetry, and parallelization strategies. Lubos Brieda has over 15 years of experience developing plasma and gas simulation codes for electric propulsion, contamination transport, and plasma-surface interactions. As part of his master’s research work, he developed a 3D ES-PIC electric propulsion plume code, Draco, which is to this date utilized by government labs and private aerospace firms to study plasma thruster plumes. His Ph.D, obtained in 2012 from George Washington University, USA, focused on a multi-scale model for Hall thrusters utilizing fluid-kinetic hybrid PIC codes. He has since then been involved in numerous projects involving development and the use of plasma simulation tools. Since 2014 he has been teaching online courses on plasma simulations through his website: particleincell.com.
Book Synopsis Ion Propulsion for Space Flight by : Ernst Stuhlinger
Download or read book Ion Propulsion for Space Flight written by Ernst Stuhlinger and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
