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Development Of Competitive Approaches To Protract The Lifetime Of Wireless Sensor Networks
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Book Synopsis Development Of Competitive Approaches To Protract The Lifetime Of Wireless Sensor Networks by : Dr. A. Rajasekhar Reddy
Download or read book Development Of Competitive Approaches To Protract The Lifetime Of Wireless Sensor Networks written by Dr. A. Rajasekhar Reddy and published by Vandana Publications. This book was released on with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Owing to the advancements of wireless communications and the cheaper sensor technology, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has gained its limelight. WSN can be deployed even in human inaccessible areas. Thus, the WSN must be able to work without human intervention. The performance of the WSN depends on the battery of the sensor nodes, as the sensor node will be shut down when its battery is drained completely.
Book Synopsis Sensor Network Operations by : Shashi Phoha
Download or read book Sensor Network Operations written by Shashi Phoha and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-29 with total page 747 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This excellent title introduces the concept of mission-oriented sensor networks as distributed dynamic systems of interacting sensing devices that are networked to jointly execute complex real-time missions under uncertainity. It provides the latest, yet unpublished results on the main technical and application challenges of mission-oriented sensor networks. The authors of each chapter are research leaders from multiple disciplines who are presenting their latest innovations on the issues. Together, the editors have compiled a comprehensive treatment of the subject that flows smoothly from chapter to chapter. This interdisciplinary approach significantly enhances the science and technology knowledge base and influences the military and civilian applications of this field. Author Information: Dr. Shashi Phoha is the Guest Editor of IEEE Transactions in Mobile Computing, Special Issue on Mission-Oriented Sensor Networks. She is the Head of the Information Sciences and Technology Division of ARL and Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. She has led major research programs of multimillion dollars for military sensor networks in industry as well as in academia. In addition to more than a hundred journal articles, she authored or co-authored several books in related areas. Dr. Thomas La Porta is the Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. He received his B.S.E.E. and M.S.E.E. degrees from The Cooper Union, New York, NY and his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Columbia University, New York, NY. He joined the Computer Science and Engineering Department at Penn State in 2002 as a Full Professor. He is Director of the Networking Research Center at Penn State. Prior to joining Penn State, Dr. LaPorta was with Bell Laboratories since 1986. He was the Director of the Mobile Networking Research Department Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, where he led various projects in wireless and mobile networking. He is an IEEE Fellow, Bell Labs Fellow, received the Bell Labs Distinguished Technical Staff Award, and an Eta Kappa Nu Outstanding Young Electrical Engineer Award. He has published over 50 technical papers and holds over 20 patents. Christopher Griffin holds a Masters degree in Mathematics from Penn State and is currently pursuing his Ph.D. there. Mr. Griffin has worked as a research engineer at the Penn State Applied Research Laboratory for the last six years on several DARPA and or Army Research Laboratory sponsored programs, including: the Emergent Surveillance Plexus (ESP) program as a lead engineer; the DARPA sponsored Semantic Information Fusion program under the SensIT initiative, where he co-developed a distributed target tracking system and managed the development of a target classification algorithm using Level 1 sensor fusion techniques; as a co-principal software architect for the DARPA Joint Force Component Controller (JFACC) initiative, an adaptive C2 program aimed at improving Air Force response times; and he was the principal software architect for the Boeing/ARFL Insertion of Embedding Infosphere Technology (IEIST) program. His areas of research expertise are distributed tracking systems, mission oriented control, and system modeling.
Book Synopsis Building Sensor Networks by : Ioanis Nikolaidis
Download or read book Building Sensor Networks written by Ioanis Nikolaidis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For all the interest that wireless sensor networks have created over the past decade, there are few examples to show that they are truly delivering on this promise and anticipation. What is missing? Deviating from the usual focus on routing and energy efficiency, Building Sensor Networks: From Design to Applications attempts to stitch together the path from conceptual development of applications, on one end, to actual complete applications at the other. With this change in perspective, the book examines important facets of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that are not often discussed in the literature. From Design Practices to the Networking Protocols that Glue Applications Together Organized into three sections, the book presents insights from international experts representing both industry and academia. The first section, on design practices, explores alternative ways to approach the tasks of developing a suitable WSN solution to an application and assisting that development in a manner that is not necessarily tied to a particular application. The second section, on networking protocols, illustrates the impact of the intermediaries—the "glue" of putting applications together. Chapters look at ways to address traffic, delays in network clustering, and the coexistence of a WSN with other systems on a frequency band. The final section of the book delves into experiences with applications in chemical sensing, defense, global trade and security, and ecosystem monitoring. Although these applications may fail the purist definition of an ideal WSN, they offer valuable lessons for the future development and deployment of WSNs. Challenge Your Thinking about Designing WSN Applications Emphasizing the need to build applications, the contributors present examples of what applications of WSNs could look like and identify the constraints. Throughout, the book challenges and illuminates your thinking about how to tame the complexity of designing a WSN application. It is essential reading for anyone interested in future wireless technologies.
Book Synopsis Signed Graph Approach in Adaptive Transmission Power to Enhance the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks by : A Babu Karuppiah
Download or read book Signed Graph Approach in Adaptive Transmission Power to Enhance the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks written by A Babu Karuppiah and published by . This book was released on 2020-09-05 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprises a collection of sensor nodes networked for applications like surveillance, battlefield, monitoring of habitat, etc. Nodes in a WSN are usually highly energy-constrained and expected to operate for long periods from limited on-board energy reserves. When a node transmits data to a destination node the data is overheard by the nodes that are in the coverage range of the transmitting node or the forwarding node. Due to this, the individual nodes might waste their energy in sensing data that are not destined to it and as a result the drain in the energy of the node is more resulting in much reduced network life time. As power is a limiting factor in a WSN, the major challenge in deploying a WSN is to enhance the network life time. So, it becomes inevitable to devise an efficient method of conserving the power. In this paper, a novel algorithm, Signed Graph based Adaptive Transmission Power (SGATP) is developed to avoid redundancy in sensing the data thereby enhancing the life time of the network. The concept of adapting the transmission power based on the distance of the next neighbor is proposed while a node communicates with the Cluster Head during Intrusion Detection. The simulation results show that the network life time is greatly improvised by the proposed method.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Theoretical and Algorithmic Aspects of Sensor, Ad Hoc Wireless, and Peer-to-Peer Networks by : Jie Wu
Download or read book Handbook on Theoretical and Algorithmic Aspects of Sensor, Ad Hoc Wireless, and Peer-to-Peer Networks written by Jie Wu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-08-08 with total page 893 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The availability of cheaper, faster, and more reliable electronic components has stimulated important advances in computing and communication technologies. Theoretical and algorithmic approaches that address key issues in sensor networks, ad hoc wireless networks, and peer-to-peer networks play a central role in the development of emerging network paradigms. Filling the need for a comprehensive reference on recent developments, Handbook on Theoretical and Algorithmic Aspects of Sensor, Ad Hoc Wireless, and Peer-to-Peer Networks explores two questions: What are the central technical issues in these SAP networks? What are the possible solutions/tools available to address these issues? The editor brings together information from different research disciplines to initiate a comprehensive technical discussion on theoretical and algorithmic approaches to three related fields: sensor networks, ad hoc wireless networks, and peer-to-peer networks. With chapters written by authorities from Motorola, Bell Lab, and Honeywell, the book examines the theoretical and algorithmic aspects of recent developments and highlights future research challenges. The book's coverage includes theoretical and algorithmic methods and tools such as optimization, computational geometry, graph theory, and combinatorics. Although many books have emerged recently in this area, none of them address all three fields in terms of common issues.
Book Synopsis A Complete Guide to Wireless Sensor Networks by : Ankur Dumka
Download or read book A Complete Guide to Wireless Sensor Networks written by Ankur Dumka and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of the major aspects in designing, implementing, and deploying wireless sensor networks by discussing present research on WSNs and their applications in various disciplines. It familiarizes readers with the current state of WSNs and how such networks can be improved to achieve effectiveness and efficiency. It starts with a detailed introduction of wireless sensor networks and their applications and proceeds with layered architecture of WSNs. It also addresses prominent issues such as mobility, heterogeneity, fault-tolerance, intermittent connectivity, and cross layer optimization along with a number of existing solutions to stimulate future research.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Wireless Sensor Networks by : Yen Kheng Tan
Download or read book Sustainable Wireless Sensor Networks written by Yen Kheng Tan and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2010-12-14 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless Sensor Networks came into prominence around the start of this millennium motivated by the omnipresent scenario of small-sized sensors with limited power deployed in large numbers over an area to monitor different phenomenon. The sole motivation of a large portion of research efforts has been to maximize the lifetime of the network, where network lifetime is typically measured from the instant of deployment to the point when one of the nodes has expended its limited power source and becomes in-operational - commonly referred as first node failure. Over the years, research has increasingly adopted ideas from wireless communications as well as embedded systems development in order to move this technology closer to realistic deployment scenarios. In such a rich research area as wireless sensor networks, it is difficult if not impossible to provide a comprehensive coverage of all relevant aspects. In this book, we hope to give the reader with a snapshot of some aspects of wireless sensor networks research that provides both a high level overview as well as detailed discussion on specific areas.
Book Synopsis Wireless Sensor Networks by : Damodar Reddy Edla
Download or read book Wireless Sensor Networks written by Damodar Reddy Edla and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless Sensor Networks: Evolutionary Algorithms for Optimizing Performance provides an integrative overview of bio-inspired algorithms and their applications in the area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Along with the usage of the WSN, the number of risks and challenges occurs while deploying any WSN. Therefore, to defeat these challenges some of the bio-inspired algorithms are applied and discussed in this book. Discussion includes a broad, integrated perspective on various challenges and issues in WSN and also impact of bio-inspired algorithms on the lifetime of the WSN. It creates interdisciplinary theory, concepts, definitions, models and findings involved in WSN and Bio-inspired algorithms making it an essential guide and reference. It includes various WSN examples making the book accessible to a broader interdisciplinary readership. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Evolutionary algorithms Swarm intelligence Hybrid algorithms Energy efficiency in WSN Load balancing of gateways Localization Clustering and routing Designing fitness functions according to the issues in WSN. The book explains about practices of shuffled complex evolution algorithm, shuffled frog leaping algorithm, particle swarm optimization and dolphin swarm optimization to defeat various challenges in WSN. The author elucidates how we must transform our thinking, illuminating the benefits and opportunities offered by bio-inspired approaches to innovation and learning in the area of WSN. This book serves as a reference book for scientific investigators who shows an interest in evolutionary computation and swarm intelligence as well as issues and challenges in WSN.
Book Synopsis Efficient Aodv Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks by : Hesham Abusaimeh
Download or read book Efficient Aodv Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks written by Hesham Abusaimeh and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to develop a methodology for WSN routing protocols to consider the energy level of sensor nodes through the establishment and routing processes in order to increase the network lifetime and reduce the energy consumption rate of wireless sensor nodes. Firstly, it develops a novel approach to distribute the responsibility of data routing among most of the wireless sensor nodes in Flat and Hierarchical WSNs. Secondly, another new approach to reduce the transmission and the reception powers is developed to balance the power consumption of nodes. Thirdly, a dynamic mechanism is proposed to distribute the role of the cluster-head among some of the nodes in the same cluster in order to distribute the power consumption and increase the WSN lifetime. Fourthly, a new technique is proposed to consider the energy level of the WSN in dividing the network into clusters and choosing the highest energy nodes to be the cluster-heads. Finally, we develop a method for discovering the optimum route based on the energy level of the intermediate sensor nodes. All the aforementioned approaches contribute in increasing the lifetime of the WSN.
Book Synopsis A Research Note Wireless Sensor Networks - Clustering Approach by : Kalai Kannan
Download or read book A Research Note Wireless Sensor Networks - Clustering Approach written by Kalai Kannan and published by . This book was released on 2022-08-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book which covers various insights on the Wireless sensor networks its working topology and nature with the aspects of clustering in concentric.Nowadays wireless sensor networks plays a crucial role in sensing and transmitting some important data that to be processed and crucial decisions were made for some specific applications.Clustering is one of the important technique which helps for various research domains like image processing, machine learning and network processing.Clustering approach is followed for the aggregation of nodes and group them into various groups, so that sensor nodes could be filtered and monitored easily. All the four chapters deals with the focus on increasing the lifetime of the sensor node of a wireless sensor network and various clustering methodology followed with some clustering algorithm is been described effectively with more number of references. This book is been organized in a way that pose the reader to ask themselves about Why? What ? How? Clustering technique is used to aggregation of the sensor nodes and data transmission between the clusters to the base station, as the base station is the location for processing data, reaching base station in short time. As a final note the researchers could use this book as a major research note for performing the research process of Wireless sensor networks with respect to lifetime of the sensor node using clustering technique.
Book Synopsis Localization Algorithms and Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks: Monitoring and Surveillance Techniques for Target Tracking by : Mao, Guoqiang
Download or read book Localization Algorithms and Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks: Monitoring and Surveillance Techniques for Target Tracking written by Mao, Guoqiang and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2009-05-31 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless localization techniques are an area that has attracted interest from both industry and academia, with self-localization capability providing a highly desirable characteristic of wireless sensor networks. Localization Algorithms and Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks encompasses the significant and fast growing area of wireless localization techniques. This book provides comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of topics and fundamental theories underpinning measurement techniques and localization algorithms. A useful compilation for academicians, researchers, and practitioners, this Premier Reference Source contains relevant references and the latest studies emerging out of the wireless sensor network field.
Book Synopsis Wireless Sensor Network Lifetime Analysis and Energy Efficient Techniques by : Haining Shu
Download or read book Wireless Sensor Network Lifetime Analysis and Energy Efficient Techniques written by Haining Shu and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis report focuses on a new approach based on fuzzy logic systems to analyze the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. It demonstrates that a type-2 fuzzy membership function(MF), i.e., a Gaussian MF with uncertain standard deviation (std) is most appropriate to model a single node lifetime in wireless sensor networks. This research studies two basic sensor placement schemes: square-grid and hex-grid. Two fuzzy logic systems(FLSs): a singleton type-1 FLS and an interval type-2 FLS are designed to perform lifetime estimation of the sensor network. Simulation results show that the FLS offers a feasible method to analyze and estimate the sensor network lifetime and the interval type-2 FLS in which the antecedent membership functions are modeled as Gaussian with uncertain std outperforms the singleton type-1 FLS. In the later chapters, two energy efficient techniques in wireless sensor networks are presented: fuzzy optimization for distributed sensor deployment and spectrum efficient coding scheme for correlated non-binary sources in wirless sensor networks. For the sensor deployment topic, it is shown that given a finite number of sensors, optimizing the sensor deployment will provide sufficient sensor coverage and ameliorate the quality of communications. We apply fuzzy logic systems to optimize the sensor placement after an initial random deployment. Simulation results show that our approach achieves faster and stabler deployment and maximizes the sensor coverage with minimum energy consumption. Outage probability, as a measure of communication quality gets effectively decreased in our algorithm but it was not taken into consideration in the distributed self-spreading algorithm. In the case of correlated binary sources, distributed source coding has been literally studied in information theory. However, data sources from real sensor networks are normally non-binary. We proposed a spectrum efficient coding scheme for correlated non-binary sources in sensor networks. Our approach constructs the codeword cosets for the interested source, taking advantage of statistical characters of the distinct observations from sensor nodes. The wireless sensor technology can be applied to many real world applications. In this dissertation report, we present two applications when the sensor technology is used in the multi-target data fusion and underwater target positioning. In this work, we study the decision fusion rules of multiple fluctuating targets in multi-radar (MT-MR) sensor networks. The MT-MR decision fusion problem is modeled as a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system. We assume that each radar makes binary decision for each target from the observation, i.e. if the target is present or not. We derive our MIMO fusion rules based on the target fluctuation model and compare against the optimal likelihood ratio method (LR), maximum ratio combiner (MRC) and equal gain combiner (EGC). Simulation results show that the MIMO fusion rules approach the optimal-LR and outperforms MRC and EGC at high signal to clutter ratio (SCR). In Chapter 6, we present a silent positioning scheme termed as UPS for underwater acoustic sensor networks. UPS relies on the time-difference of arrivals measured locally at a sensor to detect range differences from the sensor to four anchor nodes. These range differences are averaged over multiple beacon intervals before they are combined to estimate the 3D sensor location through trilateration. UPS requires no time-synchronization and provides location privacy at underwater vehicles/sensors whose locations need to be determined. To study the performance of UPS, we model the underwater acoustic channel as a modified Ultra Wide Band (UWB) S-V model: the arrival of each path cluster and paths within each cluster follow double Poisson distributions, and the multipath channel gain follows a Rician distribution. Based on this channel model, we perform both theoretical analysis and simulation study on the position error of UPS under acoustic fading channels. The obtained results indicate that UPS is an effective scheme for underwater vehicle/sensor self-positioning. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Book Synopsis Resilient Wireless Sensor Networks by : Osameh Al-Kofahi
Download or read book Resilient Wireless Sensor Networks written by Osameh Al-Kofahi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Springer Brief introduces wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the need for resilient WSN operations in application domains. It presents traditional approaches of providing resilient operation of WSNs to ensure continuity of data delivery even when some network sensors fail. The pros and cons of each these approaches are discussed. Also included is an overview of network coding basics, and motivate the use of network coding-based protection in order to combine the advantages, but avoid the disadvantages of the traditional approaches. The authors cover the design and analysis of a centralized approach to network coding-based protection of WSNs. The coverage also includes practical and realistic network situations, and the coding strategies employed. Next discussed is how to recover from data losses using a distributed approach, which is more practical for large scale WSNs. Algorithms for scheduling of transmissions while implementing network coding-based in the two cases of using digital network coding, and analog network coding are covered. Resilient Wireless Sensor Networks includes a concise, but an in-depth coverage of the use of network coding to implement agile and resource efficient protection in WSNs. It will be of interest to professionals and researchers working in the areas of fault tolerance, network coding, and deployment of WSNs in harsh environment. Advanced-level students in electrical engineering and computer science will also find this research valuable as a reference.
Book Synopsis Recent Trends in Computational Intelligence Enabled Research by : Siddhartha Bhattacharyya
Download or read book Recent Trends in Computational Intelligence Enabled Research written by Siddhartha Bhattacharyya and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-31 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of computational intelligence has grown tremendously over that past five years, thanks to evolving soft computing and artificial intelligent methodologies, tools and techniques for envisaging the essence of intelligence embedded in real life observations. Consequently, scientists have been able to explain and understand real life processes and practices which previously often remain unexplored by virtue of their underlying imprecision, uncertainties and redundancies, and the unavailability of appropriate methods for describing the incompleteness and vagueness of information represented. With the advent of the field of computational intelligence, researchers are now able to explore and unearth the intelligence, otherwise insurmountable, embedded in the systems under consideration. Computational Intelligence is now not limited to only specific computational fields, it has made inroads in signal processing, smart manufacturing, predictive control, robot navigation, smart cities, and sensor design to name a few. Recent Trends in Computational Intelligence Enabled Research: Theoretical Foundations and Applications explores the use of this computational paradigm across a wide range of applied domains which handle meaningful information. Chapters investigate a broad spectrum of the applications of computational intelligence across different platforms and disciplines, expanding our knowledge base of various research initiatives in this direction. This volume aims to bring together researchers, engineers, developers and practitioners from academia and industry working in all major areas and interdisciplinary areas of computational intelligence, communication systems, computer networks, and soft computing. Provides insights into the theory, algorithms, implementation, and application of computational intelligence techniques Covers a wide range of applications of deep learning across various domains which are researching the applications of computational intelligence Investigates novel techniques and reviews the state-of-the-art in the areas of machine learning, computer vision, soft computing techniques
Book Synopsis MITRE Systems Engineering Guide by :
Download or read book MITRE Systems Engineering Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 2012-06-05 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks by : S. Balaji
Download or read book Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks written by S. Balaji and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-12 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the outcomes of the Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks Conference (ICICV 2019) held in Tirunelveli, India, on February 14–15, 2019. It presents the state of the art in the field, identifying emerging research topics and communication technologies and defining the future of intelligent communication approaches and virtual computing. In light of the tremendous growth ICT, it examines the rapid developments in virtual reality in communication technology and high-quality services in mobile networks, including the integration of virtual mobile computing and communication technologies, which permits new technologies based on the resources and services of computational intelligence, big data analytics, Internet of Things (IoT), 5G technology, automation systems, sensor networks, augmented reality, data mining, and vehicular ad hoc networks with massive cloud-based backend. These services have a significant impact on all areas of daily life, like transportation, e-commerce, health care, secure communication, location detection, smart home, smart city, social networks and many more.
Book Synopsis Building the Hyperconnected Society by : Ovidiu Vermesan
Download or read book Building the Hyperconnected Society written by Ovidiu Vermesan and published by River Publishers. This book was released on 2015-06-16 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to provide a broad overview of various topics of Internet of Things (IoT), ranging from research, innovation and development priorities to enabling technologies, nanoelectronics, cyber-physical systems, architecture, interoperability and industrial applications. All this is happening in a global context, building towards intelligent, interconnected decision making as an essential driver for new growth and co-competition across a wider set of markets. It is intended to be a standalone book in a series that covers the Internet of Things activities of the IERC – Internet of Things European Research Cluster from research to technological innovation, validation and deployment. The book builds on the ideas put forward by the European Research Cluster on the Internet of Things Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda, and presents global views and state of the art results on the challenges facing the research, innovation, development and deployment of IoT in future years. The concept of IoT could disrupt consumer and industrial product markets generating new revenues and serving as a growth driver for semiconductor, networking equipment, and service provider end-markets globally. This will create new application and product end-markets, change the value chain of companies that creates the IoT technology and deploy it in various end sectors, while impacting the business models of semiconductor, software, device, communication and service provider stakeholders. The proliferation of intelligent devices at the edge of the network with the introduction of embedded software and app-driven hardware into manufactured devices, and the ability, through embedded software/hardware developments, to monetize those device functions and features by offering novel solutions, could generate completely new types of revenue streams. Intelligent and IoT devices leverage software, software licensing, entitlement management, and Internet connectivity in ways that address many of the societal challenges that we will face in the next decade.
