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Development Of A Semi Continuous Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester For The Biogasification Of Food Processing Waste
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Book Synopsis Development of a Semi-continuous Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester for the Biogasification of Food Processing Waste by : Amitha Padmavathi Reddy
Download or read book Development of a Semi-continuous Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester for the Biogasification of Food Processing Waste written by Amitha Padmavathi Reddy and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester (APS-digester) System for Biogasification of Agricultural and Food Wastes by : Zhiqin Zhang
Download or read book Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester (APS-digester) System for Biogasification of Agricultural and Food Wastes written by Zhiqin Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance of Two Attached/suspended Growth Reactors for the Biogasification of Vegetable Waste in an Anaerobic-phased Solids Digester System by : Anne Marie Elenbaas
Download or read book Performance of Two Attached/suspended Growth Reactors for the Biogasification of Vegetable Waste in an Anaerobic-phased Solids Digester System written by Anne Marie Elenbaas and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermophilic Digestion of Municipal Organic Solid Waste in an Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester System by : Willus B. Withrow
Download or read book Thermophilic Digestion of Municipal Organic Solid Waste in an Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester System written by Willus B. Withrow and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester Pilot Demonstration Project by : Ruihong Zhang
Download or read book Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester Pilot Demonstration Project written by Ruihong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Large-scale Anaerobic Digestion of Food Processing Waste and Pretreatment of Agricultural Residue for Enhancement of Biogas Production by : Joshua Lewis Rapport
Download or read book Large-scale Anaerobic Digestion of Food Processing Waste and Pretreatment of Agricultural Residue for Enhancement of Biogas Production written by Joshua Lewis Rapport and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a waste-treatment and renewable-energy technology for wastewater and solid organic waste streams (i.e. food processing, agricultural, and municipal solid waste). This research project was designed to test a large-scale, high-solids, high-temperature, multi-stage anaerobic digester design developed at the University of California at Davis known as the Anaerobic Phased Solids (APS) Digester system. The system was tested over 10 months with 229 t cannery waste, producing 650 m3 biogas per ton of volatile solids loaded (53% methane). In addition to operational testing, heat transfer in the reactors was modeled to improve the energy balance for the system. A steady-state model was used to determine heat transfer coefficients at the insulated wall and uninsulated roof and floor, revealing that the majority of heat loss may have occurred through the floor and roof of the reactor. Wind speed, solar gain, radiative losses and air temperature appreciably influenced heat transfer rate while mixing velocity did not. The transient solution to the model matched reactor temperature over time and total heat demand at the pilot plant. An axisymmetric model was also developed to evaluate spatial temperature distribution in the reactor.In addition to digesting food waste, laboratory experiments were designed to test the anaerobic digestion of sugar beet leaves. Sugar beets are a high-yield feedstock for bioethanol with beneficial agronomic characteristics. The methane potential of sugar beet leaves was determined with and without pretreatments (i.e. sodium hydroxide and water soaking). The pretreatments were found to be moderately beneficial, but digestion without pretreatment consumed 80-85% of the volatile solids with VS-based methane yields of 280 - 320 mL/g. Furthermore, process modeling revealed that a digester co-located with a 38 dam3/y sugar-beet-to-ethanol fermentation facility could convert 726 t/d wet sugar beet leaves to 824 GJ/d as biogas (50% methane) in four 5,374 m3 reactors drawing 540 kW of electrical power, which could be produced from 14% of the biogas. After heating the digester, there would be 545 GJ/d of additional heat which could provide 55% of the energy required for ethanol production. The financial, agronomic, and environmental effects merit further study.
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digestion of Food and Vegetable Waste by : Ying Jiang
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Food and Vegetable Waste written by Ying Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food and vegetable wastes contribute a large percentage of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), and anaerobic digestion potentially offers an ideal method for their management. Their chemical composition can, however, lead to unstable operation and in extreme cases complete process failure has been reported with this type of substrate. Semi-continuous trials on vegetable waste were carried out in laboratory-scale digesters with daily feed additions at different organic loading rates (OLR). At an OLR of 2g volatile solids (VS) 1-1 day-1 the methane yield was 0.345 1g-1 VS added, or 99% of that found in a biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. Higher OLRs led to reduced methane yield and energy conversion efficiency and to a drop in digester pH which could not be effectively controlled by alkali additions. To maintain digester stability it was necessary to supplement with additional trace elements including tungsten, which allowed OLR of up to 4g VS 1-1 day-1 to be achieved. Stability was also improved by the addition of yeast extract (YE). Co-digestion with card packaging and cattle slurry proved an effective means of restoring and maintaining stable operating conditions. Digesters fed on source segregated domestic food waste showed a long term pattern of failure as a result of the build-up of ammonia in the digester and the accumulation of volatile fatty acids, in particular propionic acid. The research gathered evidence to link this to an enzyme deficiency which was caused by a lack of selenium, or possibly other trace elements. Results from a fractional factorial designed batch experiment showed the importance of Se in the degradation of propionic acid, and indicated that Mo and Co might also play a role in this respect. Semi-continuous trials using laboratory-scale digesters also confirmed the requirement for Se which proved to be essential for both propionate oxidation and syntrophic hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. Supplementation with Se allowed the digesters to operate at substantially higher OLR. At high loadings cobalt also becomes limiting, due to its role either in acetate oxidation in a reverse Wood-Ljungdahl pathway or in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. Critical Se and Co concentrations were established as 0.16 and 0.22mg kg-1 fresh matter feed at moderate loading. At this dosage the OLR could be raised to 5g VS 1-1 day-1 with specific and volumetric biogas productions of 0.75m3 kg-1 VS added and 3.75m3 m-3 day-1 at a standard temperature and pressure (STP) of 0°C and 101.325 kPa, representing a significant increase in process performance and operational stability. A tracer experiment using a radio-labelled isotope [2-14C] of acetate proved that under high ammonia concentrations, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the dominant pathway leading to methane production in food waste digesters. A rapid non-derivatisation gas chromatographic method for quantification of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids was developed. These long chain fatty acids (LCFA) can accumulate in anaerobic digesters, and a simple extraction method was also developed to permit a more rapid sample turn-around time. The method was tested on digestate from food waste digesters. It was observed that the concentrations of stearic and palmitic acid in digesters routinely supplemented with trace elements were proportionally lower with respect to their relative loading when compared to those without supplementation. It was concluded that both Se and Co were deficient in source segregated domestic food waste collected in the UK, and that supplementation with these elements could improve digestion stability, allow higher OLR to be applied, and in doing so improve the energy yield of the digestion process.
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Solid Waste for Energy Production by : Satoto Endar Nayono
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Solid Waste for Energy Production written by Satoto Endar Nayono and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste as such or together with food waste, press water or patatoes sludge was investigated to equilibrate methane production within a day or over the weekend, when no OFMSW was available. A stable co-digestion process could be achieved with COD degradation between 60 and 80 %. The max. organic loading rates were 28 kg COD/L, d. For stable methane production the OLR during Co-digestion should not excede 22,5 kg/L,
Book Synopsis Effects Of Solids Retention Time And Feeding Frequency On Performance And Pathogen Fate In Semi-Continuous Mesophilic Anaerobic Digesters by : Nathan Daniel Manser
Download or read book Effects Of Solids Retention Time And Feeding Frequency On Performance And Pathogen Fate In Semi-Continuous Mesophilic Anaerobic Digesters written by Nathan Daniel Manser and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical process in which organic carbon is biodegraded in an oxygen free environment through a microbial consortium. Engineered biological systems used for resource recovery often utilize anaerobic digestion to treat anthropogenic organic wastes by reclaiming the carbon as energy (methane gas) and a soil amendment (biosolids). Small-scale, or household, semi-continuous anaerobic digesters have been used in developed and developing countries for many decades to produce biogas from human and livestock waste, which is used for heating, lighting, and cooking. This application has been shown to improve the quality of life of the user. Although there is great potential for small-scale semi-continuous anaerobic digestion to provide much needed resource recovery functions and quality of life improvements in future development, the manner in which these systems are operated could lead to unintended consequences on human health because human waste often contains resistant pathogens. This paradigm is best demonstrated by soil-transmitted helminths that are known to be highly resilient in mesophilic anaerobic digestion environments and endemic to many developing countries. The idea that soil-transmitted helminths survive mesophilic anaerobic digestion is exacerbated when the biosolids from the digesters are land applied as a soil-amendment because this process fits perfectly into the lifecycle of soil-transmitted helminths that need soil environments to develop into infective larva. This research was divided into three sections to investigate the fate of human pathogens during semi-continuous anaerobic digestion and investigate techniques to enhance their removal.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Engineering Design and Financial Feasibility of the Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester System Configured to Produce Electricity, Heat, and Natural Gas from Organic Solid Waste by : Joshua Lewis Rapport
Download or read book Modeling the Engineering Design and Financial Feasibility of the Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester System Configured to Produce Electricity, Heat, and Natural Gas from Organic Solid Waste written by Joshua Lewis Rapport and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainable Bioenergy Production by : Lijun Wang
Download or read book Sustainable Bioenergy Production written by Lijun Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-18 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the environmental concerns and declining availability of fossil fuels, as well as the growing population worldwide, it is essential to move toward a sustainable bioenergy-based economy. However, it is also imperative to address sustainability in the bioenergy industry in order to avoid depleting necessary biomass resources. Sustainable Bioene
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste II by : J. Mata-Alvarez
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste II written by J. Mata-Alvarez and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 2000-05-31 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade much progress has been made in anaerobic digestion of solid waste: advances in research and development, construction of new plants, more favourable legislation. Key features of this progress are reported in these proceedings. While the selected papers cover a wide range of work on 'solid' organic wastes, there is a particular focus on the organic fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Many landfills are set to close and there is a significant increase in separate collection of MSW. Biological treatments can maximise recycling and recovery of its components; anaerobic digestion, with its high energy recovery and limited environmental impact, is frequently the most cost-effective of these treatments. The future of anaerobic digestion of solid wastes is increasingly seen in the integration of this unique unit process in overall sustainable waste treatment. In Life Cycle Analysis anaerobic digestion offers several interesting features: energy recovery (a particularly important factor in third world countries); and a significantly lower contribution to global warming. Problems remain (as for all types of wastes treatments), particularly concerning the fate of micro-pollutants and overall end-product quality, but anaerobic digestion offers major potential in the long-term environmental management. These proceedings offer an unrivalled authoritative view of the present and future of anaerobic digestion of solid waste.
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digestion in Built Environments by : Anna Sikora
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion in Built Environments written by Anna Sikora and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-11-03 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion of biomass to biogas, commonly occurring in natural anoxic ecosystems, is an excellent method for utilizing wastes and producing green energy. This book presents examples of local installations of AD, or their proposals, located at small factories, workplaces, and in rural areas and housing complexes. The facilities consider the specific nature of the region, site conditions, and specificity of the utilized wastes. They protect the environment and ensure dispersed energy production. The latter is of great economic significance due to its closeness to end customers. Small local installations expand the pool of renewable energy on a global scale.
Book Synopsis Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes by : J. Mata-Alvarez
Download or read book Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes written by J. Mata-Alvarez and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-08-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes is a comprehensive introduction to both the fundamentals and the more practical aspects of the anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes, particularly those derived from households, that is, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW). It can be used as a textbook for specialized courses and also as a guide for practitioners. In the first part, the book covers the relevant aspects of anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes. The fundamentals and kinetic aspects of AD are reviewed with particular emphasis on the aspects related to solid wastes. This introduction is necessary to have a comprehensive view of the AD process and to understand the practical principles as well as the origin of possible problems arising from the management of the process. Chapter 2 emphasizes the role of kinetics in designing the reactor, paying special attention to existing models, particularly the dynamic ones. Through this introduction, it is intended to facilitate the technology transfer from laboratory or pilot plant experiences to full-scale process, in order to implement improvements in current digesters. Laboratory methods are described for the analysis and optimization of reactor performance, such as methanogenic activity tests or experimental evaluation of the biodegradation kinetics of solid organic waste. The different reaction patterns applied to industrial reactors are outlined. Industrial reactors are classified in accordance with the system they use, pointing out advantages and limitations. Co-digestion, enabling the co-treatment of organic wastes of different origin in a more economically feasible way, is described in detail. Examples of co-digestion are given, with OFMSW as a base-substrate. Finally, full-scale co-digestion plants are discussed. Various types (mechanical, biological, physico-chemical) of pre-treatment to increase the biodegradability, and thus the yields of the process, are reviewed in detail. The use of the fermentation products of anaerobic digesters for biological nutrient removal processes in wastewater treatment plants is described. This constitutes an example of integrated waste management, a field in which both economic and technical advances can be achieved. Balances are given to justify the approach, and a full-scale case study is presented. The important topic of economics and the ecological advantages of the process are emphasized. The use of compost, the integration with composting technology, and advantages over other technologies are detailed in the framework of an environmental impact assessment of biowaste treatment. Finally, the anaerobic digestion of MSW in landfills is reviewed in detail, with emphasis on landfill process enhancement and strategies for its application.
Book Synopsis The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters by : Michael H. Gerardi
Download or read book The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-09-19 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical degradation process that converts complex organic material, such as animal manure, into methane and other byproducts. Part of the author's Wastewater Microbiology series, Microbiology of Anareboic Digesters eschews technical jargon to deliver a practical, how-to guide for wastewater plant operators.
Book Synopsis Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of High Solids Biomass by : Robert Legrand
Download or read book Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of High Solids Biomass written by Robert Legrand and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
