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Author : M. Sasaki
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (247 download)
Download or read book Development of a Self-tof Detector for High-energy Neutron Spectrometry written by M. Sasaki and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : M. Sasaki
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (247 download)
Download or read book Feasibility Studies of the Self-TOF Detector for High-energy Neutron Measurements in Shielding Experiments written by M. Sasaki and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tōkyō Daigaku. Genshikaku Kenkyūjo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 878 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Report written by Tōkyō Daigaku. Genshikaku Kenkyūjo and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Luke Stegeman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Computational Development of the Planar Miniaturized Fast Neutron Detector written by Luke Stegeman and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel fast neutron spectrometer concept called the Miniaturized Fast Neutron Detector has been computationally developed and characterized via a series of radiation transport simulations. The planar version of the Miniaturized Fast Neutron Detector consists of a plastic converter layer situated in front of an arbitrary number of stacked, electrically isolated thin-silicon diode detectors. Ideally, incoming neutrons impinge upon the plastic, produce recoil ions, and those recoil ions deposit energy in one or more of the diode detectors placed behind the plastic. The spectrometer is capable of reconstructing incident neutron energy spectra without a priori information via at least two distinct unfolding algorithms. The ultimate purpose of the device is to act as an advanced personal dosimeter or area monitor with high position resolution to improve the accuracy of local radiation risk estimates due to secondary neutron radiation. In this work, the device's ability to unfold three distinct incident neutron energy spectra, the spectroscopic effectiveness of the device as a function of incident integral neutron fluence, and a set of strategies for optimizing and mathematically generalizing the device geometry are all presented. Radiation transport simulations were conducted to generate absorbed dose response functions for each diode detector and to compute the absorbed dose in each diode detector due to incident 252Cf, AmB, and AmBe neutron energy spectra as a function of integral neutron fluence. These data are used to test the unfolding capability of the device and characterize its spectroscopic effectiveness. Two unfolding algorithms are considered: the matrix inversion unfolding method, which employs a non-negative least-squares algorithm, and the SPUNIT method. Further radiation transport simulations and analyses were conducted to develop a strategy to optimize the dimensions of the plastic conversion layer and the diode detectors for any arbitrary neutron energy range so that individual device iterations can be tailored to various environments. The results of this work demonstrate that the planar Miniaturized Fast Neutron Detector is capable of unfolding a diverse range of incident neutron energy spectra without a priori information. The effectiveness of the device is quantified as a function of integral neutron fluence and this quantity can be used to determine the minimum integral neutron fluence necessary to generate acceptable unfolded neutron energy spectra (and, by extension, dosimetric quantities and risk-related metrics). The results also demonstrate that the efficiency and energy discrimination capabilities of the current iteration of the device (one with 20 stacked diode detectors) can be improved by decreasing the thickness of the plastic conversion block and increasing the number of uniformly sized diode detectors (or gradually increasing the thickness of diode detectors as a function of device depth).
Author : J. J. Baum
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Development of a Fast Neutron Spectrometer Using Silicon Surface Barrier Diodes written by J. J. Baum and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : ROGER GRISMORE
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book A TIME-OF-FLIGHT SPECTROMETER FOR MEDIUM HIGH ENERGY NEUTRONS, AND A STUDY OF THE OXYGEN-16(DEUTERON,NEUTRON)FLUORINE-17 REACTION. written by ROGER GRISMORE and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Development of a High Energy Neutron Detector written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detector is being developed for the measurement of high energy neutron fluences. A series of neutron energy thresholds are employed to yield spectral information. The method employed is to measure the fluences of elastically scattered recoil nuclei from low Z (4
Author : Lucy-Ann McFadden
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080474985
Total Pages : 987 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Solar System written by Lucy-Ann McFadden and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-18 with total page 987 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long before Galileo published his discoveries about Jupiter, lunar craters, and the Milky Way in the Starry Messenger in 1610, people were fascinated with the planets and stars around them. That interest continues today, and scientists are making new discoveries at an astounding rate. Ancient lake beds on Mars, robotic spacecraft missions, and new definitions of planets now dominate the news. How can you take it all in? Start with the new Encyclopedia of the Solar System, Second Edition. This self-contained reference follows the trail blazed by the bestselling first edition. It provides a framework for understanding the origin and evolution of the solar system, historical discoveries, and details about planetary bodies and how they interact—and has jumped light years ahead in terms of new information and visual impact. Offering more than 50% new material, the Encyclopedia includes the latest explorations and observations, hundreds of new color digital images and illustrations, and more than 1,000 pages. It stands alone as the definitive work in this field, and will serve as a modern messenger of scientific discovery and provide a look into the future of our solar system. · Forty-seven chapters from 75+ eminent authors review fundamental topics as well as new models, theories, and discussions · Each entry is detailed and scientifically rigorous, yet accessible to undergraduate students and amateur astronomers · More than 700 full-color digital images and diagrams from current space missions and observatories amplify the chapters · Thematic chapters provide up-to-date coverage, including a discussion on the new International Astronomical Union (IAU) vote on the definition of a planet · Information is easily accessible with numerous cross-references and a full glossary and index
Author : George Spencer Mickum
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (858 download)
Download or read book Development and Testing of an Organic Scintillator Detector for Fast Neutron Spectrometry written by George Spencer Mickum and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of organic scintillators is an established method for the measurement of neutron spectra above several hundred keV. Fast neutrons are detected largely by proton recoils in the scintillator resulting from neutron elastic scattering with hydrogen. This leads to a smeared rectangular pulse-height distribution for monoenergetic neutrons. The recoil proton distribution ranges in energy from zero to the incident neutron energy. In addition, the pulse-height distribution is further complicated by structure due to energy deposition from alpha particle recoils from interactions with carbon as well as carbon recoils themselves. In order to reconstruct the incident neutron spectrum, the pulse-height spectrum has to be deconvoluted (unfolded) using the computed or measured response of the scintillator to monoenergetic neutrons. In addition gamma rays, which are always present when neutrons are present, lead to Compton electron recoils in the scintillator. Fortunately, for certain organic scintillators, the electron recoil events can be separated from the heavier particle recoil events in turn to distinguish gamma-ray induced events from neutron-induced events. This is accomplished by using the risetime of the pulse from the organic scintillator seen in the photomultiplier tube as a decay of light. In this work, an organic scintillator detection system was assembled which includes neutron-gamma separation capabilities to store the neutron-induced and gamma-induced recoil spectra separately. An unfolding code was implemented to deconvolute the spectra into neutron and gamma energy spectra. In order to verify the performance of the system, a measurement of two reference neutron fields will be performed with the system, unmoderated Cf-252 and heavy-water moderated Cf-252. After the detection system has been verified, measurements will be made with an AmBe neutron source.
Author : Robert B. Moler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Development of Neutron Spectrometry for Critical Assemblies written by Robert B. Moler and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yacouba Diawara
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031365461
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)
Download or read book Neutron Detectors for Scattering Applications written by Yacouba Diawara and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the most common neutron detectors used in neutron scattering facilities and all of those in use at Oak Ridge National Lab. It starts describing the facilities, instruments and the critical detector parameters needed by various instruments. Then the key components of the 3He-based linear position-sensitive detectors as well as on their electronics, which require particular attention to signal processing and noise reduction, are introduced. One chapter is dedicated to the 3He alternatives where scintillators play a critical role. It also covers emerging neutron detection technologies including semiconductors, vacuum-based devices and their associated readouts, which will be required in the future for high rate and high-resolution neutron detectors. The authors explain the logic behind the choice of materials as well as the various constraints that neutron detectors must respect to be useful. Some of these constraints, such as efficiency and gamma-ray sensitivity are common to all neutron counters while others, like timing resolution, dynamic range, and peak counting rate, depend on the applications. The book guides experts, the nuclear science community, and young scholars through the physical processes and the required electronics in a way that is accessible for those not professionally involved in designing detector’s components and electronic circuits.
Author : Michael Joseph King
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Development of Neutron/gamma Generators and a Polymer Semiconductor Detector for Homeland Security Applications written by Michael Joseph King and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of A Self Biased High Efficiency Solid-State Neutron Detector for MPACT Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron detection is an important aspect of materials protection, accounting, and control for transmutation (MPACT). Currently He-3 filled thermal neutron detectors are utilized in many applications; these detectors require high-voltage bias for operation, which complicates the system when multiple detectors are used. In addition, due to recent increase in homeland security activity and the nuclear renaissance, there is a shortage of He-3, and these detectors become more expensive. Instead, cheap solid-state detectors that can be mass produced like any other computer chips will be developed. The new detector does not require a bias for operation, has low gamma sensitivity, and a fast response. The detection system is based on a honeycomb-like silicon device, which is filled with B-10 as the neutron converter; while a silicon p-n diode (i.e., solar cell type device) formed on the thin silicon wall of the honeycomb structure detects the energetic charged particles emitted from the B-10 conversion layer. Such a detector has ~40% calculated thermal neutron detection efficiency with an overall detector thickness of about 200?m. Stacking of these devices allows over 90% thermal neutron detection efficiency. The goal of the proposed research is to develop a high-efficiency, low-noise, self-powered solid-state neutron detector system based on the promising results of the existing research program. A prototype of this solid-state neutron detector system with sufficient detector size (up to 8-inch diam., but still portable and inexpensive) and integrated with interface electronics (e.g., preamplifier) will be designed, fabricated, and tested as a coincidence counter for MPACT applications. All fabrications proposed are based on silicon-compatible processing; thus, an extremely cheap detector system could be massively produced like any other silicon chips. Such detectors will revolutionize current neutron detection systems by providing a solid-state alternative to traditional gas-based neutron detectors.
Download or read book Development of the OSO-6 High-energy Neutron Detector and Correlation of Measured Solar Neutron Fluxes to Solar Flares written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gerard S. Pawlicki
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book A Neutron Time-of-flight Spectrometer written by Gerard S. Pawlicki and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Frederick Young
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Development of the OSO-6 High-energy Neutron Detector and Correlation of Measured Solar Neutron Fluxes to Solar Flares written by Frederick Young and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (986 download)
Download or read book Design of a Transportable High Efficiency Fast Neutron Spectrometer written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A transportable fast neutron detection system has been designed and constructed for measuring neutron energy spectra and flux ranging from tens to hundreds of MeV. The transportability of the spectrometer reduces the detector-related systematic bias between different neutron spectra and flux measurements, which allows for the comparison of measurements above or below ground. The spectrometer will measure neutron fluxes that are of prohibitively low intensity compared to the site-specific background rates targeted by other transportable fast neutron detection systems. To measure low intensity high-energy neutron fluxes, a conventional capture-gating technique is used for measuring neutron energies above 20 MeV and a novel multiplicity technique is used for measuring neutron energies above 100 MeV. The spectrometer is composed of two Gd containing plastic scintillator detectors arranged around a lead spallation target. To calibrate and characterize the position dependent response of the spectrometer, a Monte Carlo model was developed and used in conjunction with experimental data from gamma ray sources. Multiplicity event identification algorithms were developed and used with a Cf-252 neutron multiplicity source to validate the Monte Carlo model Gd concentration and secondary neutron capture efficiency. The validated Monte Carlo model was used to predict an effective area for the multiplicity and capture gating analyses. For incident neutron energies between 100 MeV and 1000 MeV with an isotropic angular distribution, the multiplicity analysis predicted an effective area of 500 cm2 rising to 5000 cm2. For neutron energies above 20 MeV, the capture-gating analysis predicted an effective area between 1800 cm2 and 2500 cm2. As a result, the multiplicity mode was found to be sensitive to the incident neutron angular distribution.
