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Development Of A Novel Electrochemical Pyroprocessing Methodology For Spent Nuclear Fuels
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Book Synopsis Development of a Novel Electrochemical Pyroprocessing Methodology for Spent Nuclear Fuels by : Anthony John Stevenson
Download or read book Development of a Novel Electrochemical Pyroprocessing Methodology for Spent Nuclear Fuels written by Anthony John Stevenson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing And Waste Management by : Jinsuo Zhang
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing And Waste Management written by Jinsuo Zhang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of how to effectively, efficiently, and responsibly manage used nuclear fuels is a concern of major impediment in the light of today's increasing usage of nuclear power and development of advanced nuclear reactors. This book focuses on two significant areas of (used) nuclear fuel: the reprocessing technology, and waste disposal and management. The book covers the fundamental knowledge, the current state-of-the-art, and future research activities for each topic.This book provides readers with the fundamental knowledge behind of nuclear used fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste management, and their technical applications, and their requirements and practices; to make the readers aware of social, economic, and environmental concerns as well as technical research needs. The book covers two well-known and well-developed reprocessing technologies: aqueous reprocessing technology, and electrochemical pyroprocessing. On the subject of waste management, it covers the dry storage of used nuclear fuel, novel waste form design, and nuclear waste disposal.This book is a good guide for readers who want to understand, apply, or develop the technologies.
Book Synopsis A Study of Continuous Electrochemical Processing Operation Feasibility for Spent Nuclear Fuel by :
Download or read book A Study of Continuous Electrochemical Processing Operation Feasibility for Spent Nuclear Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several methods of reprocessing are currently available to separate recyclable materials from spent nuclear fuel. Electrochemical processing, also known as pyroprocessing, represents a non-aqueous method of reprocessing that uses high temperature molten-salt based electrochemical technology. This method provides several advantages over conventional aqueous processing with respect to proliferation resistance. With electrochemical processing there is no pure plutonium separation and the presence of large decay heat and high radiation barriers dissuades diversion attempts. As the current electrochemical processing relies on a batch operation, the total throughput of the system is inherently limited and nuclear materials accounting is difficult due to the nonhomogeneous nature of the process. This results in much larger uncertainties in the total amount of material processed compared to the aqueous UREX+ or PUREX processes. Continuous electrochemical processing was considered as a way to address these concerns. The objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of a continuous electrochemical processing operation to achieve the desired separation performance by using computer based simulation. The conceptual design of the continuous electrochemical processing includes two separate stages in a molten salt medium. First, a pure uranium deposit is collected at a solid cathode during the uranium extraction stage. When the amount of plutonium in electrorefiner becomes comparable or higher than the amount of uranium in the electrorefiner, a liquid cathode is employed to extract both uranium and plutonium in the second stage. In this approach, molten salt, as the material carrier, flows through the electrorefiner while chopped spent fuel is continuously fed into the system. Simulations of electrochemical reactions at the electrode surfaces were based on the kinetic modeling capability of a time-dependent code, REFIN. Based on a screening study performed for the.
Book Synopsis Spent Fuel Pyroprocessing Demonstration by :
Download or read book Spent Fuel Pyroprocessing Demonstration written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major element of the shutdown of the US liquid metal reactor development program is managing the sodium-bonded spent metallic fuel from the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II to meet US environmental laws. Argonne National Laboratory has refurbished and equipped an existing hot cell facility for treating the spent fuel by a high-temperature electrochemical process commonly called pyroprocessing. Four products will be produced for storage and disposal. Two high-level waste forms will be produced and qualified for disposal of the fission and activation products. Uranium and transuranium alloys will be produced for storage pending a decision by the US Department of Energy on the fate of its plutonium and enriched uranium. Together these activities will demonstrate a unique electrochemical treatment technology for spent nuclear fuel. This technology potentially has significant economic and technical advantages over either conventional reprocessing or direct disposal as a high-level waste option.
Book Synopsis A Study of Continuous Electrochemical Processing Operation Feasibility for Spent Nuclear Fuel by : Ruxandra Bobolea
Download or read book A Study of Continuous Electrochemical Processing Operation Feasibility for Spent Nuclear Fuel written by Ruxandra Bobolea and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: diffusion layer thickness, continuous reprocessing, electrochemical processing, spent nuclear fuel, pyroprocessing, electrorefiner.
Book Synopsis Using Electrochemical Separation to Reduce the Volume of High-level Nuclear Waste by :
Download or read book Using Electrochemical Separation to Reduce the Volume of High-level Nuclear Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has developed an electrochemical separation technique called electrorefining that will treat a variety of metallic spent nuclear fuel and reduce the volume of high-level nuclear waste that requires disposal. As part of that effort, ANL has developed a high throughput electrorefiner (HTER) that has a transport rate approximately three times faster than electrorefiners previously developed at ANL. This higher rate is due to the higher electrode surface area, a shorter transport path, and more efficient mixing, which leads to smaller boundary layers about the electrodes. This higher throughput makes electrorefining an attractive option in treating Department of Energy spent nuclear fuels. Experiments have been done to characterize the HTER, and a simulant metallic fuel has been successfully treated. The HTER design and experimental results is discussed.
Book Synopsis Status and Trends in Pyroprocessing of Spent Nuclear Fuels by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Status and Trends in Pyroprocessing of Spent Nuclear Fuels written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of recycling the spent nuclear fuel through partitioning processes has been recognized worldwide for increasing and sustaining nuclear energy.
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Studies of Cerium and Uranium in LiCl-KCl Eutectic for Fundamentals of Pyroprocessing Technology by : Dalsung Yoon
Download or read book Electrochemical Studies of Cerium and Uranium in LiCl-KCl Eutectic for Fundamentals of Pyroprocessing Technology written by Dalsung Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the characteristics of special nuclear materials in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt is extremely important in terms of effective system operation and material accountability for safeguarding pyroprocessing technology. By considering that uranium (U) is the most abundant and important element in the used nuclear fuel, measurements and analyses of U properties were performed in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt. Therefore, the electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), open circuit potential (OCP), Tafel, linear polarization (LP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were conducted under different experimental conditions to explore the electrochemical, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties of U in LiCl-KCl eutectic. The ultimate goal of this study was to develop proper methodologies for measuring and analyzing the exchange current density (i0) of U3/U reaction, which has not been fully studied and understood in literature. In the preliminary study, cerium (Ce) was selected as a surrogate material for uranium and its behavior was being explored with the developments of experimental methods. CV was performed to evaluate Ce properties such as the diffusion coefficients (D), apparent standard reduction potential (Ei0), Gibbs free energy (DG), and activity coefficient (g). In addition, EIS methods were adapted and specific experimental procedures were established for the proper i0 measurements providing repeatable and reproducible data sets. The i0 values for Ce3+/Ce pair were ranging from 0.0076 A cm−2 to 0.016 A cm−2, depending on the experimental conditions. These preliminary results give insight in developing the experimental setups and methods to evaluate the properties of U in LiCl-KCl. Plus, Ce is one of the lanthanide (Ln) fission products in electrorefiner (ER) system; therefore, the resulting data values yield useful information of the fundamental behaviors of Ln elements in the system. Based on these developed methodologies, the experimental designs and routines were established to explore the main properties (e.g., D, E0*, etc.) of UCl3 in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt under different concentrations (0.5 wt% to 4 wt% UCl3) and temperatures (723 K to 798 K). Specially, the i0 values of U3+/U were evaluated via EIS, LP, Tafel, and CV methods. All i0 values had linear trends with the change of concentration and temperature; however, these values measured by LP, Tafel, and CV methods were greatly influenced by the change in electrode surface area. Overall, the i0 values agreed within 33% relative error range with the EIS method being the most consistent and accurate in comparison to reported literature values. The measured values of i0 were ranging from 0.0054 A cm−2 to 0.102 A cm−2. Therefore, an extremely reliable database for i0 was provided and it is feasible to anticipate the i0 kinetics in other experimental conditions by using the provided equation models. Furthermore, GdCl3 was added to the LiCl-KCl-UCl3 system to explore the effects of other elements on the U properties such as the diffusion coefficients, thermodynamic properties, and i0 kinetics. The diffusion coefficient was generally decreased by 12 ~ 35% with addition of GdCl3 in LiCl-KCl-UCl3; however, the apparent standard potentials and exchange current density follow the same trends with data obtained without GdCl3 additions. Hence, the results indicate that the thermodynamic and kinetic values for U3+/U reaction in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt are not greatly influenced by the presence of GdCl3.
Book Synopsis Molten Salt Reactors and Thorium Energy by : Thomas James Dolan
Download or read book Molten Salt Reactors and Thorium Energy written by Thomas James Dolan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molten Salt Reactors and Thorium Energy, Second Edition is a fully updated comprehensive reference on the latest advances in MSR research and technology. Building on the successful first edition, Tom Dolan and the team of experts have fully updated the content to reflect the impressive advances from the last 5 years, ensuring this book continues to be the go-to reference on the topic. This new edition covers progress made in MSR design, details innovative experiments, and includes molten salt data, corrosion studies and deployment plans. The successful case studies section of the first edition have been removed, expanded, and fully updated, and are now published in a companion title called Global Case Studies on Molten Salt Reactors. Readers will gain a deep understanding of the advantages and challenges of MSR development and thorium fuel use, as well as step-by-step guidance on the latest in MSR reactor design. Each chapter provides a clear introduction, covers technical issues and includes examples and conclusions, while promoting the sustainability benefits throughout. - A fully updated comprehensive handbook on Molten Salt Reactors and Thorium Energy, written by a team of global experts - Covers MSR applications, technical issues, reactor types and reactor designs - Includes 3 brand new chapters which reflect the latest advances in research and technology since the first edition published - Presents case studies on molten salt reactors which aid in the transition to net zero by providing abundant clean, safe energy to complement wind and solar powe
Author :Nicholas Tsoulfanidis Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :1461457165 Total Pages :522 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (614 download)
Book Synopsis Nuclear Energy by : Nicholas Tsoulfanidis
Download or read book Nuclear Energy written by Nicholas Tsoulfanidis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Energy provides an authoritative reference on all aspects of the nuclear industry from fundamental reactor physics calculations to reactor design, nuclear fuel resources, nuclear fuel cycle, radiation detection and protection, and nuclear power economics. Featuring 19 peer-reviewed entries by recognized authorities in the field, this book provides comprehensive, streamlined coverage of fundamentals, current areas of research, and goals for the future. The chapters will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and energy industry experts.
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Dissolution of Spent EBR-II Driver Fuel in Molten Salt Electrolyte by : R. W. Benedict
Download or read book Electrochemical Dissolution of Spent EBR-II Driver Fuel in Molten Salt Electrolyte written by R. W. Benedict and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrochemical processing is a promising technology for closing the nuclear fuel cycle for next generation nuclear reactors. At Idaho National Laboratory (INL), such a pyrochemical process has been implemented for the treatment of spent fuel from the Experimental Breeder Reactor (EBR-II). A successful demonstration of the technology was performed from 1996 to 1999 for the Department of Energy (DOE). Since 2002, processing of the spent fuel andassociated research and development activities have been carried out under DOE's Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) program. Electrorefining is considered to be the signature or central technology for pyrochemicalprocessing. This paper summarizes recent experience and results in electrorefining, specifically focusing on electrochemical dissolution of spent EBR-II driver fuel in the Mark-IV (Mk-IV) electrorefiner (ER).
Book Synopsis Assessment of Continued R & D Into an Electrometallurgical Approach for Treating DOE Spent Nuclear Fuel by :
Download or read book Assessment of Continued R & D Into an Electrometallurgical Approach for Treating DOE Spent Nuclear Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Wastes by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nuclear Wastes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-23 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.
Book Synopsis 108-2 Hearings: Energy And Water Development Appropriations For 2005, Part 4A, February 2004, * by :
Download or read book 108-2 Hearings: Energy And Water Development Appropriations For 2005, Part 4A, February 2004, * written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis I-NERI Annual Technical Progress Report 2007-004-K Development and Characterization of New High-Level Waste Forms for Achieving Waste Minimization from Pyroprocessing by :
Download or read book I-NERI Annual Technical Progress Report 2007-004-K Development and Characterization of New High-Level Waste Forms for Achieving Waste Minimization from Pyroprocessing written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current method for the immobilization of fission products that accumulate in electrorefiner salt during the electrochemical processing of used metallic nuclear fuel is to encapsulate the electrorefiner salt in a glass-bonded sodalite ceramic waste form. This process was developed by Argonne National Laboratory in the USA and is currently performed at the Idaho National Laboratory for the treatment of Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) used fuel. This process utilizes a "once-through" option for the disposal of spent electrorefiner salt; where, after the treatment of the EBR-II fuel, the electrorefiner salt containing the active fission products will be disposed of in the ceramic waste form (CWF). The CWF produced will have low fission product loading of approximately 2 to 5 weight percent due to the limited fuel inventory currently being processed. However; the design and implementation of advanced electrochemical processing facilities to treat used fuel would process much greater quantities fuel. With an advanced processing facility, it would be necessary to selectively remove fission products from the electrorefiner salt for salt recycle and to concentrate the fission products to reduce the volume of high-level waste from the treatment facility. The Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute and the Idaho National Laboratory have been collaborating on I-NERI research projects for a number of years to investigate both aspects of selective fission product separation from electrorefiner salt, and to develop advanced waste forms for the immobilization of the collected fission products. The first joint KAERI/INL I-NERI project titled: 2006-002-K, Separation of Fission Products from Molten LiCl-KCl Salt Used for Electrorefining of Metal Fuels, was successfully completed in 2009 by concentrating and isolating fission products from actual electrorefiner salt used for the treated used EBR-II fuel. Two separation methods were tested and from these tests were produced concentrated salt products that acted as the feed material for development of advanced waste forms investigated in this proposal. Accomplishments from the first year activities associated with this I-NERI project included the down selection of candidate waste forms to immobilize fission products separated from electrorefiner salt, and the design of equipment to fabricate actual waste forms in the Hot Fuels Examination Facility (HFEF) at the INL. Reported in this document are accomplishments from the second year (FY10) work performed at the INL, and includes the testing of waste form fabrication equipment, repeating the fission product precipitation experiment, and initial waste form fabrication efforts.
Book Synopsis State-of-the-art Report on the Progress of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Chemistry by :
Download or read book State-of-the-art Report on the Progress of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The implementation of advanced nuclear systems requires that new technologies associated with the back end of the fuel cycle are developed. The separation of minor actinides from other fuel components is one of the advanced concepts being studied to help close the nuclear fuel cycle and to improve the long-term effects on the performance of geological repositories. Separating spent fuel elements and subsequently converting them through transmutation into short-lived nuclides should considerably reduce the longterm risks associated with nuclear power generation.
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Methods in Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing by : Alfred Schneider
Download or read book Electrochemical Methods in Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing written by Alfred Schneider and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
