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Development In The Diii D Tokamak Of Hybrid Operation Scenarios For Burning Plasma Experiments
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Book Synopsis DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIII-D TOKAMAK OF HYBRID OPERATION SCENARIOS FOR BURNING PLASMA EXPERIMENTS. by :
Download or read book DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIII-D TOKAMAK OF HYBRID OPERATION SCENARIOS FOR BURNING PLASMA EXPERIMENTS. written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OAK-B135 The basic parameters of proposed burning plasma experiments such as ITER and FIRE have been chosen based on analysis of multi-machine databases of confinement, stability, and divertor operation. given these specifications, it is of interest to run discharges in present-day machines such as DIII-D to verify the design basis and evaluate the margin available to achieve the mission goals. it is especially important to operate discharges which are stationary with respect to the current relaxation time scale ([tau][sub R]) since it is well-known that higher performance can be achieved transiently. Attention has been focused on validating the baseline scenario for diverted machines--ELMing H-mode discharges with q[sub 95]= 3 with sawteeth. However, there is also interest in the ITER program to assess the feasibility of operating the tokamak in a mode to maximize the neutron fluence for the purpose of testing the design of various components critical to the nuclear fuel cycle and energy conversion systems in a fusion power plant. It was originally envisioned that these discharges would be intermediate between an inductive burn (baseline) scenario and a fully noninductive (steady state) scenario; therefore, this type of discharge has become known as a hybrid scenario. In the course of investigating these hybrid scenarios in DIII-D, two key results have been obtained. First, stationary discharges with q[sub 95]> 4 have been obtained which project to Q[sub fus][approx] 10 in ITER. The projected duration of these discharges in ITER when using the full inductive flux capability is> 4000 s. (The significant engineering issues of site heat capacity, activation, and tritium consumption are beyond the scope of this work). Second, utilizing the same plasma initiation techniques as developed for the hybrid scenario, discharges at q[sub 95]= 3.2 project to near ignition in ITER, even with reduced parameters. This indicates the ITER design has significant performance margin and possesses the physics capability to carry out an extensive nuclear testing program. These same q[sub 95]= 3.2 discharges project to Q[sub fus]> 5 in FIRE, even with pessimistic confinement scalings.
Book Synopsis Коллективный договор фанерного треста с Ц. к. деревообделочников и Ц. к. химиков by :
Download or read book Коллективный договор фанерного треста с Ц. к. деревообделочников и Ц. к. химиков written by and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Burning Plasma and Advanced Scenarios in the DIII-D Tokamak by : T. C. Luce
Download or read book Development of Burning Plasma and Advanced Scenarios in the DIII-D Tokamak written by T. C. Luce and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant progress in the development of burning plasma scenarios, steady-state scenarios at high fusion performance, and basic tokamak physics has been made by the DIII-D Team. Discharges similar to the ITER baseline scenario have demonstrated normalized fusion performance nearly 50% higher than required for Q = 10 in ITER, under stationary conditions. Discharges that extrapolate to Q {approx} 10 for longer than one hour in ITER at reduced current have also been demonstrated in DIII-D under stationary conditions. Proof of high fusion performance with full noninductive operation has been obtained. Underlying this work are studies validating approaches to confinement extrapolation, disruption avoidance and mitigation, tritium retention, ELM avoidance, and operation above the no-wall pressure limit. In addition, the unique capabilities of the DIII-D facility have advanced studies of the sawtooth instability with unprecedented time and space resolution, threshold behavior in the electron heat transport, and rotation in plasmas in the absence of external torque.
Book Synopsis Development of Burning Plasma and Advanced Scenarios in the DIII-D Tokamak by :
Download or read book Development of Burning Plasma and Advanced Scenarios in the DIII-D Tokamak written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant progress in the development of burning plasma scenarios, steady-state scenarios at high fusion performance, and basic tokamak physics has been made by the DIII-D Team. Discharges similar to the ITER baseline scenario have demonstrated normalized fusion performance nearly 50% higher than required for Q = 10 in ITER, under stationary conditions. Discharges that extrapolate to Q (almost equal to) 10 for longer than one hour in ITER at reduced current have also been demonstrated in DIII-D under stationary conditions. Proof of high fusion performance with full noninductive operation has been obtained. Underlying this work are studies validating approaches to confinement extrapolation, disruption avoidance and mitigation, tritium retention, ELM avoidance, and operation above the no-wall pressure limit. In addition, the unique capabilities of the DIII-D facility have advanced studies of the sawtooth instability with unprecedented time and space resolution, threshold behavior in the electron heat transport, and rotation in plasmas in the absence of external torque.
Book Synopsis Demonstration in the DIII-D Tokamak of an Alternate Baseline Scenario for Iter and Other Burning Plasma Experiments by :
Download or read book Demonstration in the DIII-D Tokamak of an Alternate Baseline Scenario for Iter and Other Burning Plasma Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OAK A271 DEMONSTRATION IN THE DIII-D TOKAMAK OF AN ALTERNATE BASELINE SCENARIO FOR ITER AND OTHER BURNING PLASMA EXPERIMENTS. Discharges which can satisfy the high gain goals of burning plasma experiments have been demonstrated in the DIII-D tokamak in stationary conditions with relatively low plasma current (q95> 4). A figure of merit for fusion gain [Beta]{sub N}H9/q952 has been maintained at values corresponding to Q = 10 operation in a burning plasma for> 6 s or 36 [tau]{sub E} and 2 [tau]{sub R}. The key element is the relaxation of the current profile to a stationary state with q{sub min}> 1, which allows stable operation up to the no-wall ideal [beta] limit. These plasmas maintain particle balance by active pumping rather than transient wall conditions. The reduced current lessens significantly the potential for structural damage in the event of a major disruption.
Book Synopsis Development in DIII-D of High Beta Discharges Appropriate for Steady-state Tokamak Operation With Burning Plasmas by :
Download or read book Development in DIII-D of High Beta Discharges Appropriate for Steady-state Tokamak Operation With Burning Plasmas written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Burning Plasma by : National Research Council
Download or read book Burning Plasma written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-04-01 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant advances have been made in fusion science, and a point has been reached when we need to decide if the United States is ready to begin a burning plasma experiment. A burning plasmaâ€"in which at least 50 percent of the energy to drive the fusion reaction is generated internallyâ€"is an essential step to reach the goal of fusion power generation. The Burning Plasma Assessment Committee was formed to provide advice on this decision. The committee concluded that there is high confidence in the readiness to proceed with the burning plasma step. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), with the United States as a significant partner, was the best choice. Once a commitment to ITER is made, fulfilling it should become the highest priority of the U.S. fusion research program. A funding trajectory is required that both captures the benefits of joining ITER and retains a strong scientific focus on the long-range goals of the program. Addition of the ITER project will require that the content, scope, and level of U.S. fusion activity be defined by program balancing through a priority-setting process initiated by the Office of Fusion Energy Science.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1490 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2009 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2009 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 1490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis DEVELOPMENT, PHYSICS BASIS, AND PERFORMANCE PROJECTIONS FOR HYBRID SCENARIO OPERATION IN ITER ON DIII-D. by :
Download or read book DEVELOPMENT, PHYSICS BASIS, AND PERFORMANCE PROJECTIONS FOR HYBRID SCENARIO OPERATION IN ITER ON DIII-D. written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new standard in stationary tokamak performance is emerging from experiments on DIII-D. These experiments have demonstrated the ability to operate near the free boundary, n = 1 stability limit with good confinement quality under stationary conditions. The normalized fusion performance is at or above that projected for Q[sub fus] = 10 operation in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) design over a wide operating range in both edge safety factor (3.2-4.5) and plasma density (35%-70% of the Greenwald density). Projections to ITER based on this data is uniformly positive and indicate that a wide range of operating options may be available on ITER, including the possibility of sustained ignition. Recent experiments have demonstrated the importance of a small m=3, n=2 neoclassical tearing mode in avoiding sawteeth and the effect of edge localized modes on tearing mode stability at an edge safety factor near 3. Transport studies using the GLF23 turbulence transport code indicate that E x B stabilization is important in reproducing the measured profiles in the simulation. Yet, even in cases in which the toroidal rotation is low, confinement quality is robustly better than the standard H-mode confinement scalings.
Book Synopsis Advances in the Physics Basis of the Hybrid Scenario on DIII-D. by :
Download or read book Advances in the Physics Basis of the Hybrid Scenario on DIII-D. written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent experiments on DIII-D have extended the hybrid scenario towards the burning plasma regime by incorporating strong electron heating, low torque injection, and edge localized mode (ELM) suppression. Hybrid performance projecting to Q e"10 on ITER at q95=3.1 has been achieved in plasmas with reduced ion/electron temperature ratio or Mach number. Confinement is decreased relative to previous hybrid results, consistent with measurements of increased turbulence at low and intermediate wavenumbers. For the first time, large type-I ELMs have been completely suppressed in a hybrid plasma at q95=3.6 by applying edge resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) with toroidal mode number n=3. Additionally, high performance hybrid and steady-state scenario operation has been demonstrated with reduced frequency of wall conditioning with a>95% graphite plasma-facing wall.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1782 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2007 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2007 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 107-2 Hearings: Energy and Water Development Appropriations For 2003, Part 4, 2002, * by :
Download or read book 107-2 Hearings: Energy and Water Development Appropriations For 2003, Part 4, 2002, * written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Tokamak Scenarios for the FIRE Burning Plasma Experiment by : C. E. Kessel
Download or read book Advanced Tokamak Scenarios for the FIRE Burning Plasma Experiment written by C. E. Kessel and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 108-1 Hearings: Energy and Water Development Appropriations For 2004, Part 4, 2003, * by :
Download or read book 108-1 Hearings: Energy and Water Development Appropriations For 2004, Part 4, 2003, * written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 3122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Tokamak Scenarios for the FIRE Burning Plasma Experiment by : C. E. Kessel
Download or read book Advanced Tokamak Scenarios for the FIRE Burning Plasma Experiment written by C. E. Kessel and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309487463 Total Pages :341 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Final Report of the Committee on a Strategic Plan for U.S. Burning Plasma Research by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Final Report of the Committee on a Strategic Plan for U.S. Burning Plasma Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusion offers the prospect of virtually unlimited energy. The United States and many nations around the world have made enormous progress toward achieving fusion energy. With ITER scheduled to go online within a decade and demonstrate controlled fusion ten years later, now is the right time for the United States to develop plans to benefit from its investment in burning plasma research and take steps to develop fusion electricity for the nation's future energy needs. At the request of the Department of Energy, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a committee to develop a strategic plan for U.S. fusion research. The final report's two main recommendations are: (1) The United States should remain an ITER partner as the most cost-effective way to gain experience with a burning plasma at the scale of a power plant. (2) The United States should start a national program of accompanying research and technology leading to the construction of a compact pilot plant that produces electricity from fusion at the lowest possible capital cost.
Book Synopsis High-beta, Steady-state Hybrid Scenario on DIII-D. by :
Download or read book High-beta, Steady-state Hybrid Scenario on DIII-D. written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, the potential of the hybrid scenario (first developed as an advanced inductive scenario for high fluence) as a regime for high-beta, steady-state plasmas is demonstrated on the DIII-D tokamak. These experiments show that the beneficial characteristics of hybrids, namely safety factor ≥1 with low central magnetic shear, high stability limits and excellent confinement, are maintained when strong central current drive (electron cyclotron and neutral beam) is applied to increase the calculated non-inductive fraction to ≈100% (≈50% bootstrap current). The best discharges achieve normalized beta of 3.4, IPB98(y,2) confinement factor of 1.4, surface loop voltage of 0.01 V, and nearly equal electron and ion temperatures at low collisionality. A zero-dimensional physics model shows that steady-state hybrid operation with Qfus ~ 5 is feasible in FDF and ITER. The advantage of the hybrid scenario as an Advanced Tokamak regime is that the external current drive can be deposited near the plasma axis where the efficiency is high; additionally, good alignment between the current drive and plasma current profiles is not necessary as the poloidal magnetic flux pumping self-organizes the current density profile in hybrids with an m/n=3/2 tearing mode.
