Developing a Natural Gas Trading Hub in Asia

Download Developing a Natural Gas Trading Hub in Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789264247451
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (474 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Developing a Natural Gas Trading Hub in Asia by : Association internationale pour l'évaluation du rendement scolaire

Download or read book Developing a Natural Gas Trading Hub in Asia written by Association internationale pour l'évaluation du rendement scolaire and published by . This book was released on with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The trading of natural gas in the Asia-Pacific region is dominated by long-term contracts in which the price of gas is indexed to that of oil. As the price of gas between Asia and other parts of the world has widened in recent years, observers have raised serious doubts about the sustainability of this pricing model. In this report, the IEA shows what it would take to create a functional, regional natural-gas trading hub in which prices reflect the local supply and demand fundamentals. The report aims to provide stakeholders with insights on the changes that are required in the Asia-Pacific natural gas sector -- both downstream and upstream -- to allow a competitive natural gas price to emerge. Building on OECD Europe and OECD America experiences, this report sets out to assess perspectives for these changes in the Asia-Pacific natural gas markets. It identifies obstacles and opportunities for a competitive natural gas price in the Asian economies to emerge.

China’s Gas Development Strategies

Download China’s Gas Development Strategies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319597345
Total Pages : 477 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis China’s Gas Development Strategies by : Shell International B.V.

Download or read book China’s Gas Development Strategies written by Shell International B.V. and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-23 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book examines how China can increase the share of natural gas in its energy system. China’s energy strategy has global ramifications and impact, and central to this strategy is the country’s transition from coal to gas. The book presents the culmination of a two-year collaboration between the Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC) and Shell. With the Chinese government’s strategic aim to increase the share of gas in the energy mix from 5.8% in 2014 to 10% and 15% in 2020 and 2030 respectively, the book outlines how China can achieve its gas targets. Providing both quantifiable metrics and policy measures for the transition, it is a much needed addition to the literature on Chinese energy policy. The research and the resulting recommendations of this study have fed directly into the Chinese government’s 13th Five-Year Plan, and provide unique insights into the Chinese government and policy-making. Due to its global impact, the book is a valuable resource for policy makers in both China and the rest of the world.

Energy Relations and Policy Making in Asia

Download Energy Relations and Policy Making in Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811010943
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Energy Relations and Policy Making in Asia by : Leo Lester

Download or read book Energy Relations and Policy Making in Asia written by Leo Lester and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume goes beyond a conventional analysis of Asia’s energy relationships and explores the premise that energy relations in Asia in the 21st century should reinforce mutual interdependence. Conventional analyses of international energy relations stress the asymmetric nature of the risks and costs of disruptions to energy flows. Energy suppliers (net exporters) are concerned with the cost of a buyer looking elsewhere; energy consumers (net importers) are preoccupied with the costs associated with an interruption of supply. This perspective reflects the current transactional nature of energy relations and is clearly observed in the energy dynamics between countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the economies of Northeast Asia (NEA). As the economies of both the GCC and NEA have enlarged there is under-recognized potential for a move away from narrow transactional relations to broader, interdependent ones. This collection of essays from leading energy, strategic, and economic policy think tanks focused on how energy relations are forming in the 21st century offers energy scholars and policy makers answers to what these increasingly close relationships mean for international politics and trade.

Natural Gas

Download Natural Gas PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821344859
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (448 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Natural Gas by :

Download or read book Natural Gas written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "With abundant underdeveloped reserves of natural gas, this resource has the potential to play a large role in meeting the world's growing energy demand." Natural gas competes with other resources for use in power generation. In addition, its other uses have increased dramatically. Since it offers substantial environmental advantages over other hydrocarbon fuels, governments and investors are considering natural gas. This volume examines a range of issues relating to gas sector reform and gas market development. It also examines the reform experience in an array of countries. The last section reviews some of the commercial issues faced in expanding the role of gas, such as, the challenges of developing and financing cross-border gas pipeline trade and the difficulties of attracting investors to projects involving countries with high credit and currency risks.

Windfall

Download Windfall PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 150110795X
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Windfall by : Meghan L. O'Sullivan

Download or read book Windfall written by Meghan L. O'Sullivan and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2017-09-12 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Windfall is the boldest profile of the world’s energy resources since Daniel Yergin’s The Quest, asserting that the new energy abundance—due to oil and gas resources once deemed too expensive—is transforming the geo-political order and is boosting American power. “Riveting and comprehensive...a smart, deeply researched primer on the subject.” —The New York Times Book Review As a new administration focuses on driving American energy production, O’Sullivan’s “refreshing and illuminating” (Foreign Policy) Windfall describes how new energy realities have profoundly affected the world of international relations and security. New technologies led to oversupplied oil markets and an emerging natural gas glut. This did more than drive down prices—it changed the structure of markets and altered the way many countries wield power and influence. America’s new energy prowess has global implications. It transforms politics in Russia, Europe, China, and the Middle East. O’Sullivan considers the landscape, offering insights and presenting consequences for each region’s domestic stability as energy abundance upends traditional partnerships, creating opportunities for cooperation. The advantages of this new abundance are greater than its downside for the US: it strengthens American hard and soft power. This is “a powerful argument for how America should capitalise on the ‘New Energy Abundance’” (The Financial Times) and an explanation of how new energy realities create a strategic environment to America’s advantage.

Mining in the Asia-Pacific

Download Mining in the Asia-Pacific PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319613952
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mining in the Asia-Pacific by : Terry O’Callaghan

Download or read book Mining in the Asia-Pacific written by Terry O’Callaghan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the most comprehensive survey of mining activity and the principal challenges confronting the resources industry in the Asia-Pacific region today, and presents new theoretical and practical insights into the political and business risks faced by mining companies operating in the region from both academic and corporate perspectives. It focuses on the exploration, production and trade of the principal commodities coal, iron ore, uranium, oil and gas, and gold, as well as the emerging commodities unconventional gas and rare earth minerals, provides the reader with a valuable understanding of resource activity in the region. In addition, it also integrates and draws attention to eight key issue areas which have the potential to pose significant risks, challenges and opportunities for the industry going forward, which include sustainable development, resource governance and economic contributions, declining ore grades and territorial expansion, community aspects of mining, mining and indigenous peoples, climate change, and impact assessment. The contributors to this volume are experts in their respective fields, and the diversity of voices makes this book a must read for scholars, industry participants, investors and policy-makers with an interest in mining in the Asia-Pacific.​

The International Political Economy of Oil and Gas

Download The International Political Economy of Oil and Gas PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319625578
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The International Political Economy of Oil and Gas by : Slawomir Raszewski

Download or read book The International Political Economy of Oil and Gas written by Slawomir Raszewski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses energy research from four distinct International Political Economy perspectives: energy security, governance, legal and developmental areas. Energy is too important to be neglected by political scientists. Yet, within the mainstream of the discipline energy research still remains a peripheral area of academic enquiry seeking to plug into the discipline’s theoretical debates. The purpose of this book is to assess how existing perspectives fit with our understanding of social science energy research by focusing on the oil and gas dimension.

Natural Gas Markets in India

Download Natural Gas Markets in India PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811031185
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Natural Gas Markets in India by : Sanjay Kumar Kar

Download or read book Natural Gas Markets in India written by Sanjay Kumar Kar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shares the latest market developments and advances in natural gas demand, supply, transmission, distribution, and consumption, with a special emphasis on the Indian context. Chapters are written by researchers and industry professionals working in the field of natural gas and energy to provide deeper insights into natural gas market structure, market development, business opportunities and market growth. Topics covered include, natural gas demand-supply, exploration and production policy, downstream regulatory developments, city gas distribution, pipeline, pricing, and taxation policies impacting natural gas market developments in India. The book will be useful to researchers, professionals, and policy makers working in the area of natural gas and related fields.

Research Handbook on International Energy Law

Download Research Handbook on International Energy Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1781002207
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Research Handbook on International Energy Law by : Kim Talus

Download or read book Research Handbook on International Energy Law written by Kim Talus and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-25 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International energy law is an elusive but important concept. There is no body of law called Šinternational energy law�, nor is there any universally accepted definition for it, yet many specialised areas of international law have a direct relationship

Achieving Energy Security In Asia: Diversification, Integration And Policy Implications

Download Achieving Energy Security In Asia: Diversification, Integration And Policy Implications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811204225
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Achieving Energy Security In Asia: Diversification, Integration And Policy Implications by : Taghizadeh-hesary Farhad

Download or read book Achieving Energy Security In Asia: Diversification, Integration And Policy Implications written by Taghizadeh-hesary Farhad and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a critical review of the status of energy security in Asia and suggests how a country or a region collectively can achieve energy security in two broad aspects. First, it analyzes how regional cooperation and energy trade can enhance energy security in the region. Second, it reviews how energy security can be ensured in national and regional general contexts. From the reviews and analyses, this book asserts that diversification and integration are key to ensuring energy security. It presents policy implications for enhancing energy security, especially in resource-rich as well as resource-poor developing countries in Asia.

Small Islands in Maritime Disputes: Greek Turkish Energy Geo-politics

Download Small Islands in Maritime Disputes: Greek Turkish Energy Geo-politics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031057325
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Small Islands in Maritime Disputes: Greek Turkish Energy Geo-politics by : Vedat Yorucu

Download or read book Small Islands in Maritime Disputes: Greek Turkish Energy Geo-politics written by Vedat Yorucu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-27 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the delicate interconnections between law and economics, especially as regards island entitlements under international maritime law. This is an area in the literature generally overlooked because maritime law has been the domain of legal experts. Maritime boundary disputes are over resources, a vitally important economic subject. Yet, the economics of maritime law has been ignored. Lawyers and legal experts have dominated the field, to the alarming degree of causing needless international conflicts. Our monograph addresses this serious neglect. The methodology would be rational behavior model, one specifically formulated to make the case that dialog and negotiation between these countries is the rational choice leading to win-win outcome in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean territorial waters. Public and private sector actors identified as key decision-makers in all phases of hydrocarbon development and monetization, within an overall win-win framework.

Chemical Energy from Natural and Synthetic Gas

Download Chemical Energy from Natural and Synthetic Gas PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315302349
Total Pages : 715 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chemical Energy from Natural and Synthetic Gas by : Yatish T. Shah

Download or read book Chemical Energy from Natural and Synthetic Gas written by Yatish T. Shah and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commercial development of energy from renewables and nuclear is critical to long-term industry and environmental goals. However, it will take time for them to economically compete with existing fossil fuel energy resources and their infrastructures. Gas fuels play an important role during and beyond this transition away from fossil fuel dominance to a balanced approach to fossil, nuclear, and renewable energies. Chemical Energy from Natural and Synthetic Gas illustrates this point by examining the many roles of natural and synthetic gas in the energy and fuel industry, addressing it as both a "transition" and "end game" fuel. The book describes various types of gaseous fuels and how are they are recovered, purified, and converted to liquid fuels and electricity generation and used for other static and mobile applications. It emphasizes methane, syngas, and hydrogen as fuels, although other volatile hydrocarbons are considered. It also covers storage and transportation infrastructure for natural gas and hydrogen and methods and processes for cleaning and reforming synthetic gas. The book also deals applications, such as the use of natural gas in power production in power plants, engines, turbines, and vehicle needs. Presents a unified and collective look at gas in the energy and fuel industry, addressing it as both a "transition" and "end game" fuel. Emphasizes methane, syngas, and hydrogen as fuels. Covers gas storage and transport infrastructure. Discusses thermal gasification, gas reforming, processing, purification and upgrading. Describes biogas and bio-hydrogen production. Deals with the use of natural gas in power production in power plants, engines, turbines, and vehicle needs.

China’s Domestic Transformation in a Global Context

Download China’s Domestic Transformation in a Global Context PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ANU Press
ISBN 13 : 1925022692
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (25 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis China’s Domestic Transformation in a Global Context by : Ligang Song

Download or read book China’s Domestic Transformation in a Global Context written by Ligang Song and published by ANU Press. This book was released on 2015-07-08 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phrase ‘New Normal’ captures the ongoing shift in the pattern and drivers of China’s economic growth. China’s new growth rate is both slower and imposing difficult structural change. These new economic conditions are challenging yet offer opportunities for China and its economic partners. Reforms must be deepened but also make growth more inclusive and environmentally sustainable, over this decade and beyond. This year’s Update offers both global context and domestic insight into this challenging new phase of China’s domestic economic transformation. How are policymakers elevating migrant workers concurrent with increasing consumption? Is China’s government spending enough on education and R&D to ensure it can achieve its aspirations to ascend the global manufacturing value chain and avoid the middle-income trap? Are energy market reforms reducing or increasing the price of gas and electricity in China? What are the consequences of China’s financial reforms and expanding Renminbi trading for foreign banks? What does China’s new growth model mean for the international resources economy and for Africa? Do SOEs face market conditions and are they dominating China’s fast-rising outbound investment? What is China’s strategy for navigating fragmented international trade policy negotiations?

Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas

Download Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0443134197
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas by : David Wood

Download or read book Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas written by David Wood and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-01-29 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas, the latest release in The Fundamentals and Sustainable Advances in Natural Gas Science and Engineering series, delivers many of the technical fundamentals needed in the natural gas industry with an additional sustainability lens. Introductory topics include liquefication and separation technology. Advanced applications include improving operational efficiency for carriers and cargo shipping schedules, exploiting cold energy for regasification operations, and an outlook on ways to further reduce emissions. Supported by corporate and academic contributors along with two well-distinguished editors, Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas provides today’s natural gas engineers the knowledge to adjust liquefied natural gas operations in a more environmentally sustainable way. Provides case studies and visuals to illustrate how new principles can be applied in practical situations Presents innovative advances that are leading to improved environmental performance Bridges theory and applications with methods and examples from worldwide contributors in academia and industry

Energy for the 21st Century

Download Energy for the 21st Century PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1781005885
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Energy for the 21st Century by : Susan L. Sakmar

Download or read book Energy for the 21st Century written by Susan L. Sakmar and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-04-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ÔProfessor SakmarÕs book is a must-read for anyone interested in gaining a better understanding of the most dynamic segment of the global energy industry.Õ Ð Jay Copan, Executive Director, LNG 17 ÔProfessor SakmarÕs book provides a well-rounded overview of the global role that natural gas is expected to play in the future and the important role of LNG as a means of transporting gas to where it is needed. Readers will find the book to be a very convenient compendium of relevant global information and an important educational, informational resource.Õ Ð Ronald D. Ripple, Director, Centre for Research in Energy and Minerals Economics, Curtin University, Australia ÔUnderstanding global energy markets Ð what forces shape them and what trends define them Ð is critical for any professional trying to evaluate new energy developments and technological directions. Susan SakmarÕs impressive ability to provide this context in terms of LNG markets makes her book valuable.Õ Ð Warren R. True, Sr., Chief Technology Editor, Oil & Gas Journal ÔWith clear and direct text, supplemented with key maps, charts and graphics from government, industry and other sources, the book moves the reader smoothly through the early history of LNG up to current developments, including shale gas and North American LNG exports. The book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding global gas markets and the energy policy challenges facing us in the 21st century.Õ Ð Jacqueline L. Weaver, A.A. White Professor of Law, University of Houston Law Center, US Countries around the world are increasingly looking to liquefied natural gas (LNG) Ð natural gas that has been cooled until it forms a transportable liquid Ð to meet growing energy demand. Energy for the 21st Century provides critical insights into the opportunities and challenges LNG faces, including its potential role in a carbon-constrained world. This comprehensive study covers topics such as the LNG value chain, the historical background and evolution of global LNG markets, trading and contracts, and an analysis of the various legal, policy, safety and environmental issues pertaining to this important fuel. Additionally, the author discusses emerging issues and technologies that may impact global LNG markets, such as the development of shale gas, the prospects of North American LNG exports, the potential role of the Gas Exporting Countries Forum and floating LNG. The author contextualizes the discussion about the importance of LNG with an analysis of why the 21st century will be the Ôgolden ageÕ of natural gas. Accessible and non-technical in nature, this timely book will serve as an essential reference for practitioners, scholars and anyone else interested in 21st century energy solutions.

International Energy Outlook

Download International Energy Outlook PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 9780160933332
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (333 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Energy Outlook by : Government Publications Office

Download or read book International Energy Outlook written by Government Publications Office and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2016-08-15 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Outlook 2016, an updated statistical reference with energy projections, is provided as a service to energy managers and analysts, both in government and in the private sector. The projections are used by international agencies, federal and state governments, trade associations, and other planners and decision makers. They are published pursuant to the Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-91), Section 205(c). The report begins with a review of world trends in energy demand and the major macroeconomic assumptions used in deriving the International Energy Outlook 2016 (IEO2016) projections, along with the major sources of uncertainty in the projections, which extend through 2040. In addition to the Reference case projections, High Economic Growth and Low Economic Growth cases were developed to consider the effects of higher and lower growth paths for economic activity than are assumed in the Reference case. IEO2016 also includes a High Oil Price case and, alternatively, a Low Oil Price case. The resulting projections--and the uncertainty associated with international energy projections in general--are discussed in Chapter 1, "World energy demand and economic outlook." Projections for energy consumption and production by fuel--petroleum and other liquid fuels, natural gas, and coal--are presented in Chapters 2, 3, and 4, along with reviews of the current status of each fuel on a worldwide basis. Chapter 5 discusses the projections for world electricity markets--including nuclear power, hydropower, and other marketed renewable energy resources--and presents projections of world installed generating capacity. Chapter 6 presents a discussion of energy used in the buildings sector (residential and commercial). Chapter 7 provides a discussion of industrial sector energy use. Chapter 8 includes a detailed look at the world's transportation energy use. Finally, Chapter 9 discusses the outlook for global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. IEO 2016 focuses exclusively on marketed energy. Non-marketed energy sources,which continue to play an important role in some developiing countries, are not included in the estimates. Related products: Energy & Fuels resources collection can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/science-technology/energy-fuels More statistical references can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/statistics-data

Singapore in a Post-Kyoto World

Download Singapore in a Post-Kyoto World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Flipside Digital Content Company Inc.
ISBN 13 : 9814695998
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (146 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Singapore in a Post-Kyoto World by : Tilak K Doshi

Download or read book Singapore in a Post-Kyoto World written by Tilak K Doshi and published by Flipside Digital Content Company Inc.. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Singapore had, by the 1980s, emerged as one of the world's great oil refining and trading centres, with the "e;East of Suez"e; region within its sphere of influence. The city-state's policy-making went against the grain in much of its practice of economic development. It ensured that energy products were bought and sold in the domestic market at essentially global prices, in contrast to the common practice in developing countries of subsidizing energy fuels for social equity. Without a drop of oil of its own, Singapore also managed to attract large foreign investments in the capital-intensive oil refining and petrochemical manufacturing sectors in an export-oriented strategy. This was at a time when governments of most newly independent countries were busy trying to promote heavy industry by protectionist trade policies and import-substituting industrialization. The purpose of this book is two-fold. It is intended to introduce a host of energy-related discussions relevant to a wider group of readers who do not "e;do energy"e; for a living, yet are keenly interested in understanding the many complexities of modern industrial societies which need to balance economic, environmental, and security priorities of ordinary citizens. It is also meant to serve as an introductory assessment of key energy-related issues, with a particular relevance for small advanced countries such as Singapore.