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Determination Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons By Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry And Method Development In Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
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Book Synopsis Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry and Method Development in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography by : Jari Tuominen
Download or read book Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry and Method Development in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography written by Jari Tuominen and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory by : Mary C. Olson
Download or read book Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory written by Mary C. Olson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Supercritical Fluid Extraction-gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Method for Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Seafood by : Md. Yeakub Ali
Download or read book A Supercritical Fluid Extraction-gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Method for Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Seafood written by Md. Yeakub Ali and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lettre du gentil-homme volontaire, sur ce qui s'est passé en Piedmont dés le 26. de juillet jusques au 6. jour d'Aoust, 1628. Sous la conduitte de monsieur le marquis d'Uxelles by :
Download or read book Lettre du gentil-homme volontaire, sur ce qui s'est passé en Piedmont dés le 26. de juillet jusques au 6. jour d'Aoust, 1628. Sous la conduitte de monsieur le marquis d'Uxelles written by and published by . This book was released on 1628 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Identification and Quantitation of Complex Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures in Environmental Samples Using Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry by : Carlos Andres Manzano
Download or read book The Identification and Quantitation of Complex Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures in Environmental Samples Using Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry written by Carlos Andres Manzano and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants and are mostly products of the incomplete combustion of organic material. PAHs are often found in environmental samples as a complex mixture of isomers. In addition, the same sources that produce complex PAH mixtures also produce other poorly characterized mixtures of organic compounds, commonly referred to as an unresolved complex mixture (UCM), that act as matrix interferences in the chromatographic analysis of samples. Conventional one-dimensional chromatographic techniques, such as gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS), are not sufficient for the analysis and quantitation of complex PAH mixtures present in environmental samples due to the high degree of overlap in compound vapor pressures, boiling points, and mass spectral fragmentation patterns. Therefore, the separation and quantitation of complex mixtures of individual PAH compounds in environmental samples requires high chromatographic resolution. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/ToF-MS) was used for this study. GCxGC/ToF-MS uses two different gas chromatographic columns, with different separation mechanisms, for the analysis of complex environmental samples. In theory, the peak capacity in GCxGC/ToF-MS is equivalent to the product of the individual peak capacities of each column used. However, in practice, this is rarely obtained because of the existing correlation between the two GC columns used. This dissertation is a compilation of three studies related to analytical method development for the identification and quantitation of complex PAH mixtures (including parent-PAHs, alkyl-PAHs, oxy-PAHs, nitro-PAHs, thio-PAHs, chloro-PAHs, bromo-PAHs and PAHs with molecular weight higher than 300 Da) that may be present in environmental samples using novel column combinations in GCxGC/ToF-MS. The use of a liquid crystal column (LC-50) in the first dimension, followed by a nano-stationary phase column (NSP-35) in the second dimension, was evaluated for the separation of a standard PAH mixture containing 97 different PAHs. Two standard reference materials purchased from NIST (NIST SRM1650b - Diesel Particulate Matter and NIST SRM1975 - Diesel Extract) were used, after extraction and cleanup, for method validation and comparison between the commonly used non-polar x polar column combination and the LC-50 x NSP-35 column combination with high orthogonality. As part of the method validation, an aliquot of NIST SRM1975 (Diesel extract), without sample cleanup was also analyzed for PAHs, showing that the LC-50 x NSP-35 column combination was accurate (with an average absolute percent difference of approximately 30%) for the identification and quantitation of complex PAH mixtures in environmental samples, with reduced sample preparation prior to analysis. In addition, the LC-50 x NSP-35 column combination was used for the analysis of PAHs sorbed to polystyrene pellets deployed in an urban bay area as passive water samplers because one-dimensional GC/MS was ineffective due to the presence of a strong unresolved complex mixture (UCM) and matrix interferences.
Book Synopsis Characterization of waste - Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in waste using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by :
Download or read book Characterization of waste - Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in waste using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Chromatography by : Charles G. Smith
Download or read book Handbook of Chromatography written by Charles G. Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Chromatography features tables and chromatograms, theoretical discussions, and practical applications on the topic. Tables and chromatograms are based on polymer analyses abstracted from literature references dating from 1981-1991. Compounds presented in the tables and chromatograms include residual monomers, plasticizers, additives, antioxidants, and products from the thermal degradation (pyrolysis) of a broad range of synthetic polymers. Theoretical discussions focus on new developments in the respective areas of gas, pyrolysis-gas, liquid, and size exclusion chromatographic separations. Capillary column technology, inverse gas chromatography (IGC), supercritical fluid extractions (SFE), and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) are also covered. A Practical Applications subsection provides a list of commercial suppliers of column packings and packed columns for gas and liquid chromatography. The book will be an excellent reference for chromatographers, organic chemists, and analytical chemists.
Book Synopsis Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Lake Waters and Associated Sediments by : GW. Hodgson
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Lake Waters and Associated Sediments written by GW. Hodgson and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine and fresh water sediments exhibit a wide variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These range from the two-ringed biphenyl and naphthalene species to the seven-ringed coronene member, and include a variety of intermediate aromatics exhibiting isomeric differences as well as alkylated derivatives. Analytical methods were developed for this spectrum of aromatics involving extraction and purification techniques followed by a gas chromatographic separation combined with mass spectrometry for identification. In this manner, a total of 27 polycyclic aromatics were detected in Great Lakes sediments along with three aromatics and three dicarboxylic acid esters in waters of the Great Lakes. Limits of detection for aromatics were: 1 ng/liter in water, based on 30-liter water samples and 2 ng/g of dry sediment when extracted from 100 g of wet sediment.
Book Synopsis Investigations Into the Extraction and the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Water by Solid-phase Extraction and Capillary Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry by : Mohamed Elrutb
Download or read book Investigations Into the Extraction and the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Water by Solid-phase Extraction and Capillary Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry written by Mohamed Elrutb and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Gas Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Techniques for the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs) in Environmental Samples by : IFEOLUWA GRACE. IDOWU
Download or read book Development of Gas Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Techniques for the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PACs) in Environmental Samples written by IFEOLUWA GRACE. IDOWU and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns emanating from the presence of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in the environment especially as a yardstick for overall environmental health have been a challenge for several decades. Polycyclic aromatic compounds are a complex and structurally diverse class of compounds many of which can exist as isomers. Approaches to measure these compounds in environmental samples have relied on techniques based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) at unit mass resolution. For example, the quantitation of the 16 US Environmental Protection Agency priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) uses GC/MS and selected ion monitoring (SIM) of diagnostic m/z values of individual PAHs. Although this approach works well for the 16 priority PAHs, for more complex PACs, GC/MS in SIM mode is largely unreliable. Reasons for this include low selectivity of the SIM mode, insufficient chromatographic and mass resolution and the lack of commercially available authentic analytical standards. The overarching hypothesis of my thesis, therefore, is that more sophisticated chromatographic and MS techniques will provide more accurate measurements of PACs in the environment. The first advancement I made to the field of PAC research was the development of a one-dimensional GC coupled to MS method in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) to measure a suite of PACs. The method I developed was fully validated according to the EURACHEM guide - The Fitness for Purpose of Analytical methods and represents a significant improvement in the current SIM approach to quantitation of PACs in environmental samples. The second major advancement I made to the field of PAC research was the validation of a comprehensive 2D GC (GC×GC) high resolution time-of-flight (HR-TOF) MS method for the separation and quantitation of PACs. In this study I was able to exploit the increased peak capacity of the GC×GC system (relative to 1D) and the specificity of the HR-TOF/MS to quantify individual isomers of PAC compounds that were not attempted before. The methods I developed were paramount to the success of 2 other studies: (i) the GC/MS MRM method was used to understand the kinetics of PAH absorption to a highly sorptive medium that is used by industry to remediate the aquatic environment during/after an oil-spill and, (ii) the GC×GC-HR-TOF/MS was used in the detection of novel halogenated PACs in biological samples from the Alberta Oil Sands Region. The results of my work will have an impact and influence on future studies on source apportionment and chemical fingerprinting of crude-oil and will support much needed toxicological and monitoring studies of individual PAC isomers in the environment.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by : Bjorseth
Download or read book Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Bjorseth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1985-12-06 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume concerns sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), their emission factors, and relative importance. It deals with exposure, uptake, metabolism, and detection of PAH in the human body. The volume contains an update of information in environmental and biochemical studies of PAH.
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Sys by : David J. Futoma
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Sys written by David J. Futoma and published by Springer. This book was released on 1981-11-05 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Opisane so spektroskopske in kromatografske analize PAH v vodi, njihova topnost, vzorčevanje in predhodno koncentriranje.
Book Synopsis Novel Improvements on the Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Metabolites by : Wang Huiyong
Download or read book Novel Improvements on the Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Metabolites written by Wang Huiyong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are important environmental pollutants originating from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Because many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer, chemical analysis of PAH is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Current methodology for PAH follows the classical pattern of sample preparation and chromatographic analysis. Sample preparation pre-concentrates PAH, simplifies matrix composition, and facilitates analytical resolution in the chromatographic column. Among the several approaches that exist to pre-concentrate PAH from water samples, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are the basis for standard PAH identification and determination. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption and room temperature fluorescence detection are both widely used in HPLC, but the specificity of these detectors is modest. Since PAH identification is solely based on retention times, unambiguous PAH identification requires complete chromatographic resolution of sample components. When HPLC is applied to "unfamiliar" samples, the EPA recommends that a supporting analytical technique such as GC-MS be applied to verify compound identification and to check peak-purity HPLC fractions. Independent of the volume of extracted water, the approximate time required to separate and determine the sixteen "priority pollutants" (EPA-PAH) via HPLC is approximately 60min. If additional GC-MS analysis is required for unambiguous PAH determination, the total analysis time will reach 2-3 hours per sample. If the concentrations of target species are found to lie outside the detector's response range, the sample must be diluted and the process repeated. These are important considerations when routine analysis of numerous samples is contemplated. Parent PAH are relatively inert and need metabolic activation to express their carcinogenicity. By virtue of the rich heterogeneous distribution of metabolic products they produce, PAH provide a full spectrum of the complexity associated with understanding the initial phase of carcinogenesis. PAH metabolites include a variety of products such as expoxides, hydroxyl aromatics, quinines, dihydrodiols, dioepoxides, tetrols and water soluble conjugates. During the past decades tremendous efforts have been made to develop bio-analytical techniques that possess the selectivity and sensitivity for the problem at hand. Depending on the complexity of the sample and the relative concentrations of the targeted metabolites, a combination of sample preparation techniques is often necessary to reach the limits of detection of the instrumental method of analysis. The numerous preparation steps open ample opportunity to metabolite loss and collection of inaccurate data. Separation of metabolites has been accomplished via HPLC, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and GC-MS. Unfortunately, the existence of chemically related metabolic products with virtually identical fragmentation patterns often challenges the specificity of these techniques. This dissertation presents significant improvements in various fronts. Its first original component--which we have named solid-phase nano-extraction (SPNE)--deals with the use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as extracting material for PAH. The advantages of SPNE are demonstrated for the analysis of PAH in water samples via both HPLC and Laser-Excited Time-Resolved Shpol'skii Spectroscopy (LETRSS). The same concept is then extended to the analysis of monohydroxy-PAH in urine samples via SPE- HPLC and In-Capillary SPNE-CE. The second original component of this dissertation describes the application of Shpol'skii Spectroscopy to the analysis of polar PAH metabolites. The outstanding selectivity and sensitivity for the direct analysis of PAH at trace concentration levels has made Shpol'skii spectroscopy a leading technique in environmental analysis. Unfortunately, the requirement of a specific guest-host combination--typically a non-polar PAH dissolved in an n-alkane-- has hindered its widespread application to the field of analytical chemistry. This dissertation takes the first steps in removing this limitation demonstrating its feasibility for the analysis of polar benzopyrene metabolites in alcohol matrixes.
Book Synopsis Studies of Methods of Quantitation in Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry and Its Applications to Quantitative Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by : Aprajita Arora
Download or read book Studies of Methods of Quantitation in Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry and Its Applications to Quantitative Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Aprajita Arora and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Supercritical Fluid Chromatography And Micro-hplc by : M. Yoshioka
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Chromatography And Micro-hplc written by M. Yoshioka and published by VSP. This book was released on 1989 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1988. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Environmental Management, Four Volume Set by : Sven Erik Jorgensen
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Environmental Management, Four Volume Set written by Sven Erik Jorgensen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-13 with total page 3513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of an Outstanding Academic Title Award from CHOICE Magazine Encyclopedia of Environmental Management gives a comprehensive overview of environmental problems, their sources, their assessment, and their solutions. Through in-depth entries and a topical table of contents, readers will quickly find answers to questions about specific pollution and management issues. Edited by the esteemed Sven Erik Jørgensen and an advisory board of renowned specialists, this four-volume set shares insights from more than 500 contributors—all experts in their fields. The encyclopedia provides basic knowledge for an integrated and ecologically sound management system. Nearly 400 alphabetical entries cover everything from air, soil, and water pollution to agriculture, energy, global pollution, toxic substances, and general pollution problems. Using a topical table of contents, readers can also search for entries according to the type of problem and the methodology. This allows readers to see the overall picture at a glance and find answers to the core questions: What is the pollution problem, and what are its sources? What is the "big picture," or what background knowledge do we need? How can we diagnose the problem, both qualitatively and quantitatively, using monitoring and ecological models, indicators, and services? How can we solve the problem with environmental technology, ecotechnology, cleaner technology, and environmental legislation? How do we address the problem as part of an integrated management strategy? This accessible encyclopedia examines the entire spectrum of tools available for environmental management. An indispensable resource, it guides environmental managers to find the best possible solutions to the myriad pollution problems they face. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact us to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367 / (email) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062 / (email) [email protected]
