Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms

Download Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128221488
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms by : Juan A. Morales-Ramos

Download or read book Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms written by Juan A. Morales-Ramos and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-09-20 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms: Invertebrates and Entomopathogens, Second Edition explores the latest advancements and technologies for large-scale rearing and manipulation of natural enemies while presenting ways of improving success rate, predictability of biological control procedures, and demonstrating their safe and effective use. Organized into three sections, Parasitoids and Predators, Pathogens, and Invertebrates for Other Applications, this second edition contains important new information on production technology of predatory mites and hymenopteran parasitoids for biological control, application of insects in the food industry and production methods of insects for feed and food, and production of bumble bees for pollination.Beneficial organisms include not only insect predators and parasitoids, but also mite predators, nematodes, fungi, bacteria and viruses. In the past two decades, tremendous advances have been achieved in developing technology for producing these organisms. Despite that and the globally growing research and interest in biological control and biotechnology applications, commercialization of these technologies is still in progress. This is an essential reference and teaching tool for researchers in developed and developing countries working to produce "natural enemies in biological control and integrated pest management programs. - Highlights the most advanced and current techniques for mass production of beneficial organisms and methods of evaluation and quality assessment - Presents methods for developing artificial diets and reviews the evaluation and assurance of the quality of mass-produced arthropods - Provides an outlook of the growing industry of insects as food and feed and describes methods for mass producing the most important insect species used as animal food and food ingredients

Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance

Download Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128196998
Total Pages : 1004 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance by : Peter A. Edde

Download or read book Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance written by Peter A. Edde and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-08-21 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance presents detailed descriptions of the biology and ecology of important arthropod pest of selected global field crops. Standard management options for insect pest control on crops include biological, non-chemical, and chemical approaches. However, because agricultural crops face a wide range of insect pests throughout the year, it can prove difficult to find a simple solution to insect pest control in many, if not most, cropping systems. A whole-farm or integrated pest management approach combines cultural, natural, and chemical controls to maintain insect pest populations below levels that cause economic damage to the crop. This practice requires accurate species identification and thorough knowledge of the biology and ecology of the target organism. Integration and effective use of various control components is often enhanced when the target organism is correctly identified, and its biology and ecology are known. This book provides a key resource toward that identification and understanding. Students and professionals in agronomy, insect detection and survey, and economic entomology will find the book a valuable learning aid and resource tool. - Includes insect synonyms, common names, and geographic distribution - Provides information on natural enemies - Is thoroughly referenced for future research

Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea)

Download Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498715109
Total Pages : 864 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea) by : J.E. McPherson

Download or read book Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea) written by J.E. McPherson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-17 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key features: Presents a brief history of past classifications, a summary of present classification, and speculation on how the classification may evolve in the future Includes keys for the identification of families and subfamilies of the Pentatomoidea and for the tribes in the Pentatomidae Explains transmission of plant pathogens and concepts of pathology and heteropteran feeding for the non-specialist Provides an extensive literature review of transmission by stink bugs of viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoan organisms that cause diseases of plants Discusses the diversity of microbial symbionts in the Pentatomidae and related species, showing how microorganisms underpin the evolution of this insect group Reviews semiochemicals (pheromones, kairomones, allomones) of the Pentatomoidea and their vital role in the life histories of pest and beneficial species and their exploitation by natural enemies of true bugs Covers past, current, and future control options for insects, with a focus on stink bugs and related heteropterans The Superfamily Pentatomoidea (stink bugs and their relatives) is comprised of 18 families with over 8,000 species, the largest of which is the family Pentatomidae (about 5,000 species). These species primarily are phytophagous, and many cause tremendous economic damage to crops worldwide. Within this superfamily are six invasive species, two that occur worldwide and four that are recent invaders in North America. Once established in new geographic regions, these species have increased their numbers and geographic distributions dramatically, causing economic damage totaling billions of dollars. Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea): Biology, Higher Systematics, Semiochemistry, and Management is the first book that presents comprehensive coverage of the biology of invasive pentatomoids and related true bug species and addresses issues of rapidly growing economic and environmental concerns. Containing the contributions of more than 60 stink bug specialists from 15 countries, this book provides a better understanding of the biology and economic importance of these invasive species, why they became invasive, and how their continued geographical expansion is likely to affect numerous agricultural systems and natural environments. Including over 3,500 references, this authoritative work serves as an access point to the primary literature on their life histories, higher systematics, diapause and seasonal cycles, pathogens, symbionts, semiochemistry, and pest management control strategies for pentatomoid bugs.

Sustainable Management of Arthropod Pests of Tomato

Download Sustainable Management of Arthropod Pests of Tomato PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128135085
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable Management of Arthropod Pests of Tomato by : Waqas Wakil

Download or read book Sustainable Management of Arthropod Pests of Tomato written by Waqas Wakil and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-19 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Management of Arthropod Pests of Tomato provides insight into the proper and appropriate application of pesticides and the integration of alternative pest management methods. The basis of good crop management decisions is a better understanding of the crop ecosystem, including the pests, their natural enemies, and the crop itself. This book provides a global overview of the biology and management of key arthropod pests of tomatoes, including arthropod-vectored diseases. It includes information that places tomatoes in terms of global food production and food security, with each pest chapter including the predators and parasitoids that have specifically been found to have the greatest impact on reducing that particular pest. In-depth coverage of the development of resistance in tomato plants and the biotic and abiotic elicitors of resistance and detailed information about the sustainable management of tomato pests is also presented. - Provides basic biological and management information for arthropod pests of tomato from a global perspective, encompassing all production types (field, protected, organic) - Includes chapters on integrated management of tomato pests and specific aspects of tomato pest management, including within protected structures and in organic production - Presents management systems that have been tested in the real-world by the authors of each chapter - Fully illustrated throughout with line drawings and color plates that illustrate key pest and beneficial arthropods associated with tomato production around the world

Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs

Download Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402083734
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs by : Jörg Romeis

Download or read book Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs written by Jörg Romeis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-01 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insect pests remain one of the main constraints to food and fiber production worldwide despite farmers deploying a range of techniques to protect their crops. Modern pest control is guided by the principles of integrated pest management (IPM) with pest resistant germplasm being an important part of the foundation. Since 1996, when the first genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant maize variety was commercialized in the USA, the area planted to insect-resistant GM varieties has grown dramatically, representing the fastest adoption rate of any agricultural technology in human history. The goal of our book is to provide an overview on the role insect-resistant GM plants play in different crop systems worldwide. We hope that the book will contribute to a more rational debate about the role GM crops can play in IPM for food and fiber production.

Chemical Ecology of Insects

Download Chemical Ecology of Insects PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1489933689
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chemical Ecology of Insects by : William J. Bell

Download or read book Chemical Ecology of Insects written by William J. Bell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our objective in compiling a series of chapters on the chemical ecology of insects has been to delineate the major concepts of this discipline. The fine line between presenting a few topics in great detail or many topics in veneer has been carefully drawn, such that the book contains sufficient diversity to cover the field and a few topics in some depth. After the reader has penetrated the crust of what has been learned about chemical ecology of insects, the deficiencies in our understanding of this field should become evident. These deficiencies, to which no chapter topic is immune, indicate the youthful state of chemical ecology and the need for further investigations, especially those with potential for integrating elements that are presently isolated from each other. At the outset of this volume it becomes evident that, although we are beginning to decipher how receptor cells work, virtually nothing is known of how sensory information is coded to become relevant to the insect and to control the behavior of the insect. This problem is exacerbated by the state of our knowledge of how chemicals are distributed in nature, especially in complex habitats. And finally, we have been unable to understand the significance of orientation pathways of insects, in part because of the two previous problems: orientation seems to depend on patterns of distri bution of chemicals, the coding of these patterns by the central nervous system, and the generation of motor output based on the resulting motor commands.

A Colour Handbook of Biological Control in Plant Protection

Download A Colour Handbook of Biological Control in Plant Protection PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Manson Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Colour Handbook of Biological Control in Plant Protection by : Neil Helyer

Download or read book A Colour Handbook of Biological Control in Plant Protection written by Neil Helyer and published by Manson Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Colour Handbook reviews the natural predators, parasites and pathogens used to control pest populations and analyses their characteristics and practical applications. It is designed to enable the reader to anticipate, recognise and resolve specific problems of pest management. Intended as a concise accessible reference to the field, this book will be of interest to a broad spectrum of academic, professional and lay readers; the growers and the consultants advising them, students in horticulture and crop science and scientists in a broad range of related disciplines. ∗ Superb, detailed colour photographs and line drawings of predator, parasite and pest species. ∗ Accessible, practical format. ∗ Covers all the major commercial planting environments; Arable, Orchard, Glasshouse and Ornamental (parks and gardens). ∗ Unique world wide coverage. ∗ Comperhensively corss–referenced by crop, pest, and pest control species (parasites and predators).

Studying Vibrational Communication

Download Studying Vibrational Communication PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662436078
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Studying Vibrational Communication by : Reginald B. Cocroft

Download or read book Studying Vibrational Communication written by Reginald B. Cocroft and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-25 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explains the key ideas, questions and methods involved in studying the hidden world of vibrational communication in animals. The authors dispel the notion that this form of communication is difficult to study and show how vibrational signaling is a key to social interactions in species that live in contact with a substrate, whether it be a grassy lawn, a rippling stream or a tropical forest canopy. This ancient and widespread form of social exchange is also remarkably understudied. A frontier in animal behavior, it offers unparalleled opportunities for discovery and for addressing general questions in communication and social evolution. In addition to reviews of advances made in the study of several animal taxa, this volume also explores topics such as vibrational communication networks, the interaction of acoustic and vibrational communication, the history of the field, the evolution of signal production and reception and establishing a common vocabulary.

Economic and Ecological Significance of Arthropods in Diversified Ecosystems

Download Economic and Ecological Significance of Arthropods in Diversified Ecosystems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811015244
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Economic and Ecological Significance of Arthropods in Diversified Ecosystems by : Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy

Download or read book Economic and Ecological Significance of Arthropods in Diversified Ecosystems written by Akshay Kumar Chakravarthy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-20 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arthropods are invertebrates that constitute over 90% of the animal kingdom, and their bio-ecology is closely linked with global functioning and survival. Arthropods play an important role in maintaining the health of ecosystems, provide livelihoods and nutrition to human communities, and are important indicators of environmental change. Yet the population trends of several arthropods species show them to be in decline. Arthropods constitute a dominant group with 1.2 million species influencing earth’s biodiversity. Among arthropods, insects are predominant, with ca. 1 million species and having evolved some 350 million years ago. Arthropods are closely associated with living and non-living entities alike, making the ecosystem services they provide crucially important. In order to be effective, plans for the conservation of arthropods and ecosystems should include a mixture of strategies like protecting key habitats and genomic studies to formulate relevant policies for in situ and ex situ conservation. This two-volume book focuses on capturing the essentials of arthropod inventories, biology, and conservation. Further, it seeks to identify the mechanisms by which arthropod populations can be sustained in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and by means of which certain problematic species be managed without producing harmful environmental side-effects. This edited compilation includes chapters contributed by over 80 biologists on a wide range of topics embracing the diversity, distribution, utility and conservation of arthropods and select groups of insect taxa. More importantly, it describes in detail the mechanisms of sustaining arthropod ecosystems, services and populations. It addresses the contribution of modern biological tools such as molecular and genetic techniques regulating gene expression, as well as conventional, indigenous practices in arthropod conservation. The contributors reiterate the importance of documenting and understanding the biology of arthropods from a holistic perspective before addressing conservation issues at large. This book offers a valuable resource for all zoologists, entomologists, ecologists, conservation biologists, policy makers, teachers and students interested in the conservation of biological resources.

Handbook of Vegetable Pests

Download Handbook of Vegetable Pests PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780121588618
Total Pages : 792 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (886 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Vegetable Pests by : John L. Capinera

Download or read book Handbook of Vegetable Pests written by John L. Capinera and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assisting anyone in need of an easy-to-use yet comprehensive survey of all pests likely to be encountered in North America, this handbook provides thorough identification guides, descriptions of pest life history, and pest management recommendations. Including hundreds of illustrations, this guide is cross-referenced to scientific literature, and includes color plates for ease of insect identification.

The Insects

Download The Insects PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9781444317671
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Insects by : P. J. Gullan

Download or read book The Insects written by P. J. Gullan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-07-13 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This established, popular textbook provides a stimulating andcomprehensive introduction to the insects, the animals thatrepresent over half of the planet's biological diversity. In thisnew fourth edition, the authors introduce the key features ofinsect structure, function, behavior, ecology and classification,placed within the latest ideas on insect evolution. Much of thebook is organised around major biological themes - living on theground, in water, on plants, in colonies, and as predators,parasites/parasitoids and prey. A strong evolutionary theme ismaintained throughout. The ever-growing economic importance ofinsects is emphasized in new boxes on insect pests, and in chapterson medical and veterinary entomology, and pest management. Updated'taxoboxes' provide concise information on all aspects of each ofthe 27 major groupings (orders) of insects. Key Features: All chapters thoroughly updated with the latest results frominternational studies Accompanying website with downloadable illustrations and linksto video clips All chapters to include new text boxes of topical issues andstudies Major revision of systematic and taxonomy chapter Still beautifully illustrated with more new illustrations fromthe artist, Karina McInnes A companion resources site is available at ahref="http://www.wiley.com/go/gullan/insects"target="_blank"www.wiley.com/go/gullan/insects/a. This siteincludes: Copies of the figures from the book for downloading, along witha PDF of the captions. Colour versions of key figures from the book A list of useful web links for each chapter, selected by theauthor.

Orchard Pest Management

Download Orchard Pest Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780963065933
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (659 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Orchard Pest Management by : Elizabeth Hull Beers

Download or read book Orchard Pest Management written by Elizabeth Hull Beers and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Vegetable Crops

Download Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Vegetable Crops PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9402409246
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Vegetable Crops by : Rangaswamy Muniappan

Download or read book Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Vegetable Crops written by Rangaswamy Muniappan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-23 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is an edited book with chapters written by multi-disciplinary specialists in their specific subject areas. It covers development of IPM components and packaging them for individual vegetable crops specifically targeted to tropical countries. Scientific background for IPM components or tactics will be included. There will be case studies of IPM packages developed and implemented in different countries. The concept of IPM has been in existence for the past six decades; however, a practical holistic program has not been developed and implemented for vegetable crops, in the developing countries. Currently the IPM adoption rate in the tropics is minimal and there is a need for implementation of IPM technologies that are environmentally safe, economical, and socially acceptable. We believe that adoption and implementation of IPM provided in this book will lead to significant reduction in crop losses and mitigate adverse impacts of pesticide use in the tropics. This book is an outcome 20 years of research, development and implementation of the IPM CRSP, a project supported by USAID and administered by Virginia Tech in several developing countries along the tropical belt in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. ​

Cottage Industry of Biocontrol Agents and Their Applications

Download Cottage Industry of Biocontrol Agents and Their Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303033161X
Total Pages : 469 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cottage Industry of Biocontrol Agents and Their Applications by : Nabil El-Wakeil

Download or read book Cottage Industry of Biocontrol Agents and Their Applications written by Nabil El-Wakeil and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the mass production and application of biological control products for biotic and abiotic factors affecting agricultural production. It also describes how to develop sustainable agriculture under Egyptian conditions. The book is divided into four parts covering: 1) mass production of parasitoids, insects and mite predators, 2) mass production of the microbial control agents for managing insect pests, 3) biocontrol products for plant diseases, and 4) bioproducts against abiotic factors. It discusses various methods of controlling insect pests and plant diseases in order to increase agricultural production, improve the quality of field crops and reduce the food gap by applying a range of technologies. This book helps increase our understanding and awareness of how to produce healthy products for local consumption and utilization as well as for exports.

The Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera) of Northeastern North America with Emphasis on the Fauna of Illinois

Download The Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera) of Northeastern North America with Emphasis on the Fauna of Illinois PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SIU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780809310401
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (14 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera) of Northeastern North America with Emphasis on the Fauna of Illinois by : John Edwin McPherson

Download or read book The Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera) of Northeastern North America with Emphasis on the Fauna of Illinois written by John Edwin McPherson and published by SIU Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive work introduces the reader to the well-represented pentatomoid fauna of northeastern North America. About 120 species and subspecies in five families are presently known to occur in this geographical area. The text begins with a closely defined classification of the Pentatomoidea within the order Hemiptera. A discussion of the his­tory of the investigations of North American Pentatomoidea follows, with a list of selected faunistic surveys by state or province and a general discussion of the pentatomoid life cy­cle including overwintering stages, spring emergence and mating, oviposition and sub­sequent development to adults. Here the au­thor also considers the scent glands and the possible functions of their secretions. This volume provides updated keys to the northeastern North American penta­tomoids, illustrations, references to revision­ary studies of families and genera, statements and maps of distribution, pertinent biologi­cal information regarding field life cycles, laboratory rearing, immature stages, host plants and prey, and parasites and predators. Unique within its field, this book was written for individuals interested in insects as well as those specializing in Hemiptera.

Bibliography of Agriculture

Download Bibliography of Agriculture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1528 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Bibliography of Agriculture by :

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sampling Methods in Soybean Entomology

Download Sampling Methods in Soybean Entomology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461299985
Total Pages : 597 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sampling Methods in Soybean Entomology by : M. Kogan

Download or read book Sampling Methods in Soybean Entomology written by M. Kogan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects as a group occupy a middle ground in the biosphere between bacteria and viruses at one extreme, amphibians and mammals at the other. The size and gen eral nature of insects present special problems to the student of entomology. For example, many commercially available instruments are geared to measure in grams, while the forces commonly encountered in studying insects are in the mil ligram range. Therefore, techniques developed in the study of insects or in those fields concerned with the control of insect pests are often unique. Methods for measuring things are common to all sciences. Advances sometimes depend more on how something was done than on what was measured; indeed a given field often progresses from one technique to another as new methods are discovered, developed, and modified. Just as often, some of these techniques fmd their way into the classroom when the problems involved have been suffici ently ironed out to permit students to master the manipulations in a few labo ratory periods. Many specialized techniques are confined to one specific research laboratory. Although methods may be considered commonplace where they are used, in another context even the simplest procedures may save considerable time. It is the purpose of this series (1) to report new developments in methodology, (2) to reveal sources of groups who have dealt with and solved particular entomological problems, and (3) to describe experiments which might be applicable for use in biology laboratory courses.