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Desulphurization Of Model Oil And Diesel Using Ionic Liquid
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Book Synopsis Desulphurization and Denitrification of Diesel Oil Using Ionic Liquids by : Tamal Banerjee
Download or read book Desulphurization and Denitrification of Diesel Oil Using Ionic Liquids written by Tamal Banerjee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-11 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desulphurization and Denitrification of Diesel Oil using Ionic Liquids: Experiments and Quantum Chemical Predictions discusses how quantum chemical calculations are applied to investigate the fundamental nature of the IL-sulphur-nitrogen systems at atomic and molecular levels. The book will help readers understand the nature of the structural relationship between molecules such as ionic liquid + aromatic sulphur + aromatic nitrogen system(s). In addition, COSMO-RS (Conductor Like Screening Model for Real Solvents) predictions and subsequent experimentation are discussed to evaluate the performance of ionic liquids for desulphurization and denitrification of diesel oil. Provides current research on green solvents, such as ionic liquids, used in desulphurization and denitrification of fuels Discusses the COSMO-RS model in predicting the properties of ionic liquids to aid in the design of separation processes Includes real-world applications of desulphurization and denitrification using ionic liquids
Book Synopsis Desulphurization of Model Oil and Diesel Using Ionic Liquid by : Mohd Rafiqul Zarin Ramli
Download or read book Desulphurization of Model Oil and Diesel Using Ionic Liquid written by Mohd Rafiqul Zarin Ramli and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel is a multi-purpose petroleum fuel used in all kinds of vehicles. But remains one of the largest source of fine particle air pollution, which has serious health impacts. Depending on the crude oil used and the refinery configurations, sulphur levels in diesel range from below 10 ppm to as high as 1000 ppm. In fact, Europe, United States, and Japan have all put in place measures to reduce sulphur to lower levels which is below 10 ppm to 15 ppm, often along with emission standards that require advanced emission control technologies that cannot be used with higher sulphur fuels. By March of 2008, there are many countries that have switched to diesel fuel with 500 ppm or less such as Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand including our country, Malaysia. There are various methods applied in industry to obtain low-sulphur fuels such as hydrocracking processes. But, the sulphur removal using ionic liquids are gaining wide recognition as potential environmental solvents due to their very low vapour pressure, their thermal and chemical stability, their ability to act as a catalyst, and their non-flammability and non-corrosive properties. The procedures include with three sub-process which first (ILs) is analyse with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The liquid was placed on a Germanium (Ge) plate by using a dropper and the test is run until a constant reading is visible. It is then followed by a wavelength classification by referring it to a table of characteristic IR absorptions. From the classification, it was found that there is a trace of functional groups consists of amines, amides, aromatics and alkyl halides. The lower frequency, 874.55 cm-1 and 777.29 cm-1 have functional group of aromatics with bond C-H "oop". The highest frequency with 3421.96 cm-1 has functional group of 1o, 2o amines or amides with bond N-H Stretch. Besides, there are also components with functional group of aliphatic amines with bond C-N Stretch at frequency 1044.97 cm-1 and 1104.56 cm-1 respectively. Other than that, there is functional group of alkyl halides with bond C-H wag (CH2X) at frequency 1179.15 cm-1. Secondly, the ionic liquid was undergone a CHNOS testing to check the percentage of carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), and Sulphur (S) that presented within ionic liquids. The ionic liquid was sent to University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) Central Laboratory to obtain the results. Based on the result obtained, the (ILs) consists of Nitrogen by 11.37%, Carbon by 15.84%, Hydrogen by 6.729%, Sulphur by 11.185% and rest of the composition is for Oxygen by 15.84%. The result will be compared theoretically with the structure formula of (ILs).
Book Synopsis Desulfurization of Model Oil Using Pyridinium-based Ionic Liquid by : Nurul Umaira Nisa Mazelan
Download or read book Desulfurization of Model Oil Using Pyridinium-based Ionic Liquid written by Nurul Umaira Nisa Mazelan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfur is the most abundant element found in crude oil. This paper contains the study on desulfurization of model oil by extraction with Pyridinium-based ionic liquids. The objective of the project is to determine the sulfur compound, dibenzothiophene (DBT) removal efficiency of pyridinium-based ionic liquids, 1-ethylpyridinium ethylsulfate, (EpyESO4) from model oil. In order to characterize the Pyridinium-based ionic liquids, the characterization process of [EpyESO4] was conducted by using fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analyzer. Lab testing on desulfurization has been done by using different concentration of DBT (100ppm and 1000ppm) at 10 minutes of extraction time. The efficiency of the removal process has been determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From the result, [EpyESO4] shows high efficiency in remove aromatic sulfur compound (DBT) at low concentration of sulfur content. The percentage sulfur removal from the model oil for 100ppm and 1000ppm were, 97.68% and 26.68% respectively. By considering these results, [EpyESO4] might be used as promising solvents for the extractive desulfurization of diesel.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Ionic Liquids by : Suojiang Zhang
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ionic Liquids written by Suojiang Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-03 with total page 1391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The encyclopedia consists 13 subareas as follows: 1: Synthesis and Characterisation of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Fu-Wei Li and Prof. Zhen Li) 2: Physicochemical Properties of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Asso. Prof. Qing Zhou, Prof. Xingmei Lu and Prof. Xiaoyan Ji) 3: Computational and Theoretical Modeling of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Guang Feng and Prof. Peter T. Cummings) 4: Toxicology and Biodegradation of Ionic Liquids (Section Editors: Prof. Chunxi Li and Prof. Stefan Stolte) 5: Ionic Liquids in Electrochemistry (Section Editors: Prof. Yingying Lu, Prof. Houlong Zhuang and Prof. Chuan Zhao) 6. Ionic Liquids in Organic Reaction (Section Editors: Prof. Liang-Nian He and Prof. Bhalchandra M. Bhanage) 7. Ionic Liquids in Separation (Section Editors: Prof. Huabin Xing) 8. Ionic Liquids in Biomass and Biomolecules (Section Editors: Prof. Toshiyuki Itoh and Prof. Jian Sun) 9. Ionic Liquids in Materials Science (Section Editors: Prof. Sheng Dai and Prof. Tao Wang) 10. Ionic Liquids in Polymer Science (Section Editors: Asso. Prof. Jinming Zhang and Prof. Jun Zhang) 11. Ionic Liquids in Environmental Science (Section Editors: Prof. Tiancheng Mu, Prof. Arunprakash T. Karunanithi and Prof. Yingxiong Wang) 12. Ionic Liquids in Green Chemistry (Section Editors: Prof. Buxing Han and Prof. Peter Licence) 13. Emerging Applications of Ionic Liquids (Pharmacology, Food Science, Agriculture, Nuclear Science Technology, Optics) (Section Editors: Prof. Zhonghao Li and Prof. Maya Guncheva) This encyclopedia is systematic and comprehensive, with detailed descriptions about theory, technology, and industrial applications. This encyclopedia is valuable for students, researchers and industrial players, giving them a quick understanding and overview of ionic liquids in various aspects.
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids by : Mohammed Rahman
Download or read book Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids written by Mohammed Rahman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-09-26 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids contains research on the preparation, characterization, and potential applications of stable ionic liquids (ILs). ILs are a class of low- and stable-melting point, ionic compounds that have a variety of properties allowing many of them to be sustainable green solvents. It is promising novel research from top to bottom and has received a lot of interest over the last few decades. It covers the advanced topics of physical, catalytic, chemical, polymeric, and potential applications of ILs. This book features interesting reports on cutting-edge science and technology related to the preparation, characterization, polymerization, and potential applications of ILs. This potentially unique work offers various approaches on the R
Book Synopsis Desulfurization of Model Oil Using Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids by : Wan Mohd Syazwan Wan Abdullah
Download or read book Desulfurization of Model Oil Using Imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids written by Wan Mohd Syazwan Wan Abdullah and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now a day, because of the dramatic environmental impact of sulfur oxides contained in engines emissions, sulfur content specification in fuels are becoming more and more stringent worldwide. In the petroleum refining industry, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the conventional process to reduce the sulfur levels of the fuels. However, HDS is cost consuming, besides requiring high temperature and high hydrogen pressure in order to eliminate the aliphatic and alicyclic sulfur compounds. Refractory sulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene (DBT), methyl dibenzothiophene and 4, 6-methyl dibenzothiophene are less reactive to this process. Due to this reason, alternative sulfur removal techniques are being explored. In the past years, due to its unique properties both as extractant and also as catalyst, ionic liquids have gained increasing interest. 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [EMIM][BF4], has been study in this work. These ionic liquids were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The ionic liquids were then screened for sulfur removal from model oil (dodecane). The sulfur containing compound used in preparing the model oil, were DBT with different concentration, 250ppm, 500ppm, 750ppm, 1000ppm, and 2000ppm. In 2000ppm of DBT, contain of 348.04ppm of sulphur. The mixture was heated in the water bath at 30 oC with a 185 rpm stirring for 30 minutes. The mass ratio of ILs to model oil was 1:1, 1:2, and 1:5. To analyze the model oil that contain of ILs by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). From this experiment, it show that the higher efficiency of removal sulphur by using 1:1 volume ratio at 750ppm of DBT which is 56% removal...
Book Synopsis Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels. Industrial Productivity and Environmental Health in Petroleum Refining by : Ogheneruemu Osirim
Download or read book Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels. Industrial Productivity and Environmental Health in Petroleum Refining written by Ogheneruemu Osirim and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2017 in the subject Engineering - Chemical Engineering, grade: A, , course: Directed Studies, language: English, abstract: This study focuses on the removal of sulfur compounds from liquid fuels specifically gasoline and diesel fuels. The paper centers on the urgency and effect of environmental regulations due to health and global warming concerns on the emerging methods of achieving ultralow sulfur fuels (ULSF). The traditional hydrodesulphurization process is reviewed and its limitations to achieving ULSF is highlighted. The effect and challenge in achieving ULSF such as change in octane and cetane numbers and the reduced quality of the fuels were also foregrounded. Alternative methods for improved desulfurization process including Biodesulfurization and adsorption desulfurization were examined. Current works by researchers on the methods and processes of achieving ULSF were also investigated. Desulfurization is the process or processes used to remove or reduce the sulfur content of natural gas and other refined petroleum products such as diesel and gasoline. Sulfur is a non-metallic chemical element which is yellow in color and solid at room temperature. It is abundant in nature and is usually found in elemental form and also occurs as a sulfide or sulfate mineral. Sulfur can be used for many productive processes such in the manufacture of fertilizers and insecticides and it is an essential element for all living organism. Despite its usefulness, sulfur when exposed in a certain form to the environment can lead to environmental, material and health damage. One of the major sources of sulfur today is the petroleum industry where sulfur occurs as thiols, thiophenes, organic sulfides and disulfides. They occur in several refined petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, jet fuel, coal, and fuel oils. They constitute as contaminants and therefore are undesirable constituents in the oil and gas industry. In the petroleum industry sulfur is a process contaminant as it deactivates some catalyst during the refining process and causes the corrosion of pumping, pipeline, and refining equipment. Sulfur compounds left in fuels also lead to massive emissions of sulfur gases which not only have environmental impacts but health and material effects as well. When sulfur gases are emitted, they react with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid and sulfates which turns to acid rain. Acid rain and sulfates cause damage to buildings, automotive painting, they acidify the soil which leads to deforestation and eventually damage to some ecosystem.
Book Synopsis Ionic Liquid-Based Technologies for Environmental Sustainability by : Mohammad Jawaid
Download or read book Ionic Liquid-Based Technologies for Environmental Sustainability written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-04 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ionic Liquid-based Technologies for Environmental Sustainability explores the range of sustainable and green applications of IL materials achieved in recent years, such as gas solubility, biomass pre-treatment, bio-catalysis, energy storage, gas separation and purification technologies. The book also provides a reference material for future research in IL-based technologies for environmental and energy applications, which are much in-demand due to sustainable, reusable and eco-friendly methods for highly innovative and applied materials. Written by eminent scholars and leading experts from around the world, the book aims to cover the synthesis and characterization of broad range of ionic liquids and their sustainable applications. Chapters provide cutting-edge research with state-of-the-art developments, including the use of IL-based materials for the removal of pharmaceuticals, dyes and value-added metals. Describes the fundamentals and major applications of ionic liquid materials Covers up-to-date developments in novel applications of IL materials Provides practical tips to aid researchers who work on ionic liquid applications
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in the Science and Technology of Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel Using Ionic Liquids by : Elaheh Kowsari
Download or read book Recent Advances in the Science and Technology of Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel Using Ionic Liquids written by Elaheh Kowsari and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalysis in Ionic Liquids by : Chris Hardacre
Download or read book Catalysis in Ionic Liquids written by Chris Hardacre and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-03-20 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although ionic liquids have only been studied in depth during the last decades, the field is now maturing to such a degree that the focus is on larger scale applications for use in real processes such as catalysis. Current information is scattered across the literature and Catalysis in Ionic Liquids provides a critical analysis of the research published to date on ionic solvents in all areas of the catalytic science. The book covers both catalyst synthesis using ionic liquids as solvents and green syntheses using both ionic liquids as well as mixtures of ionic liquids and carbon dioxide (as a subcritical and supercritical liquid), including enzymatic, homogeneous, and heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis and organocatalysis. As well as the catalysis community, the book will also be of interest to postgraduates, postdoctoral workers and researchers in academia and industry working in organic synthesis, new materials synthesis, renewable sources of energy and electrochemistry. Written by leading experts in the field, this is the reference source to find about catalysis in ionic liquids.
Book Synopsis Application, Purification, and Recovery of Ionic Liquids by : Olga Kuzmina
Download or read book Application, Purification, and Recovery of Ionic Liquids written by Olga Kuzmina and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Application, Purification, and Recovery of Ionic Liquids provides a comprehensive overview of the usage of ionic liquids (IL). The book gives a description of the methods used for recovery and purification of ILs, a summary of the economic aspects of using ILs, and a review on the toxicity data of ILs. It is written for researchers, scientists, and engineers working with ILs, their properties, and usages. The book not only describes the chemical aspects, but the economic and environmental aspects as well, making it of particular interest to professionals applying this technology. Chapters written by scientists in academia and researchers in industry, ensuring coverage of both the scientific fundaments and industrial applications A single source of information for a broad collection of recovery and purification methods Provides information on using ionic liquids as green solvents Includes economic aspects of recovery and reuse of ionic liquids
Book Synopsis Novel Catalytic and Separation Processes Based on Ionic Liquids by : Dickson Ozokwelu
Download or read book Novel Catalytic and Separation Processes Based on Ionic Liquids written by Dickson Ozokwelu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel Catalytic and Separation Process Based on Ionic Liquids presents the latest progress on the use of ionic liquids (ILs) in catalytic and separation processes. The book discusses the preparation of ILs, the characterization of IL catalysts by spectroscopic techniques, catalytic reactions over IL catalysts, separation science and technology of ILs, applications in biomass utilization, and synthesis of fine chemicals. Scientists, engineers, graduate students, managers, decision-makers, and others interested in ionic liquids will find this information very useful. The book can be used as a springboard for more advanced work in this area as it contains both theory and recent applications, research conducted, and developments in separation techniques and catalysis using ionic liquids. Presents new preparation and advanced characterization of ionic liquids catalysts Outlines catalytic reactions using ionic liquid, thus showing higher yields and selectivity Presents novel separation science and technology based on ionic liquids and non-thermal processes
Book Synopsis Petrochemical Catalyst Materials, Processes, and Emerging Technologies by : Al-Megren, Hamid
Download or read book Petrochemical Catalyst Materials, Processes, and Emerging Technologies written by Al-Megren, Hamid and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2016-02-17 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ###############################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################
Book Synopsis Nanocomposites for the Desulfurization of Fuels by : Saleh, Tawfik Abdo
Download or read book Nanocomposites for the Desulfurization of Fuels written by Saleh, Tawfik Abdo and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on nanotechnology has mainly focused on the aspects of synthesis of nanomaterials that have unique chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties applicable to a wide range of applications. A variety of properties and phenomena have been investigated, and many of the studies have been directed toward understanding the properties and applications of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have properties that are useful for enhancing surface-to-volume ratio, reactivity, strength, and durability. Due to their enhanced chemical and mechanical properties, the nanomaterials play promising roles in enhancing the desulfurization. Nanocomposites for the Desulfurization of Fuels is an essential reference source that discusses the synthesis, properties, and technological developments of nanomaterials and their applications in petroleum. Featuring research on topics such as hybrid materials, catalytic properties, and environmental concerns, this book is ideally designed for chemical engineers, scientists, researchers, academicians, and students in fields that include chemistry, petroleum, materials science, physics, and engineering.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Refinery Desulfurization by : Nour Shafik El-Gendy
Download or read book Handbook of Refinery Desulfurization written by Nour Shafik El-Gendy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-09-18 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Refinery Desulfurization describes the operation of the various desulfurization process units in a petroleum refinery. It also explains the processes that produce raw materials for the petrochemical industry. It illustrates all the possible processes to lower the sulfur contents in petroleum and its fractions to decrease emissions of su
Book Synopsis Bioenergy Resources and Technologies by : Abul Kalam Azad
Download or read book Bioenergy Resources and Technologies written by Abul Kalam Azad and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioenergy Resources and Technologies presents advanced approaches and applications of bioenergy resources, with a strong focus on environmental sustainability. Chapters on the applications of bioenergy, the implementation of bioenergy as an alternative fuel, and future energy security make this an invaluable and unique resource to further advance the field. This book provides new information and novel techniques across a variety of bioenergy applications, with the book's authors addressing key uses for bioenergy resources as an alternative fuel. Various case studies and examples help demonstrate meaning and provide additional clarity. Social and economic aspects are included for each technology discussed, along with a number of research works and their findings in a diverse mix of areas including energy, environmental science, biotechnology, chemical engineering and mechanical engineering. Researchers and professionals in these disciplines will gain knowledge on the underlying concepts, technologies, fuel applications and solutions to global environmental issues using bioenergy resources. Presents technical and social issues surrounding the latest bioenergy technologies Explores solutions to global sustainability goals through bioenergy applications and the future of energy security Includes experimental investigations of engine performance, emissions and combustion phenomena using different types of oxygenated fuel
Book Synopsis Applying Nanotechnology to the Desulfurization Process in Petroleum Engineering by : Saleh, Tawfik A.
Download or read book Applying Nanotechnology to the Desulfurization Process in Petroleum Engineering written by Saleh, Tawfik A. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As regulations push the fossil fuel industry toward increasing standards of eco-friendliness and environmental sustainability, desulfurization (the removal of SO2 from industrial waste byproducts) presents a new and unique challenge that current technology is not equipped to address. Advances in nanotechnology offer exciting new opportunities poised to revolutionize desulfurization processes. Applying Nanotechnology to the Desulfurization Process in Petroleum Engineering explores recent developments in the field, including the use of nanomaterials for biodesulfurization and hydrodesulfurization. The timely research presented in this volume targets an audience of engineers, researchers, educators as well as students at the undergraduate and post-graduate levels.
