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Design And Characterization Of A Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometer For Composition Measurements In The Upper Atmosphere
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Book Synopsis Design and Characterization of a Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometer for Composition Measurements in the Upper Atmosphere by : E. Addison Everett
Download or read book Design and Characterization of a Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometer for Composition Measurements in the Upper Atmosphere written by E. Addison Everett and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-situ composition measurements of the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) are challenging; this region is only accessible via high-speed sounding rockets, ambient pressures extend into the 10-3 Torr range, and particles of interest range in mass from electrons to meteoric smoke and dust particles. Time-of-flight mass spectrometers (TOF-MS) are capable of making fast, accurate measurements over a wide mass range. However, since they rely on pressure-sensitive microchannel plate (MCP) detectors and high voltages, they have rarely been applied at these altitudes. A new TOF-MS for making in-situ composition measurements in the MLT has been developed at the Space Dynamics Laboratory. This instrument employs modest acceleration potentials and a pressure-tolerant MCP detector. A Bradbury-Nielsen gate is used to produce short, well-defined ion pulses to reduce the temporal and spatial uncertainty of sampled ions. A prototype TOF-MS was constructed and used to demonstrate TOF-MS technology under conditions relevant to in-situ MLT measurements. Operational boundaries and capabilities of this new instrument were identified through laboratory experiments combined with computer modeling. The prototype instrument achieved a maximum resolution of 100 at m/z 40 (Ar), sufficient to resolve major atmospheric species of interest. During experiments at elevated pressures, the MCP detector maintained low background count rates (/second) at pressures as high as 10-3 Torr. A novel getter-based vacuum system was evaluated for use with the new TOF-MS, and a computer model was developed to simulate instrument pressure during a rocket flight. Results from these experiments suggest that when combined with an appropriately sized sampling aperture, this pumping system can extend the measurement range of the instrument to lower altitudes by 10 0́3 20 km, compared to an unpumped instrument. A computer model was developed to study the effects of critical operating parameters on instrument performance; the most important factor affecting resolution was found to be the initial energy spread of sampled ions. Sensitivity and number density measurement analyses suggest the new instrument will measure major species in the MLT at better than 10% uncertainty. Composition measurements made with the new TOF-MS will contribute to a better understanding of the MLT.
Book Synopsis Design of Miniaturized Time-of-Flight ReƠ̐2ectron Mass Spectrometer for Upper Atmosphere Density Measurements by : Michelle Lynn Pyle
Download or read book Design of Miniaturized Time-of-Flight ReƠ̐2ectron Mass Spectrometer for Upper Atmosphere Density Measurements written by Michelle Lynn Pyle and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variations of gas and plasma density and composition in Earth0́9s thermosphere and ionosphere are key indicators of interactions between diƠ̐0erent layers of Earth0́9s atmosphere. The nature of interactions between neutral and ion species in the upper atmosphere is an active area of study in Heliophysics and there is much to learn about the dynamic relationship between the ionosphere and neutral thermosphere. Mass Spectrometers are among an array of instruments used to explore Earth0́9s upper atmosphere and other space environments. In the past, data from mass spectrometers Ơ̐2own in low earth orbit has been used to improve atmospheric models and to study the dynamics of the ionosphere and thermosphere. Historically, these instruments are substantial in size and deployed on larger satellite platforms. Data from these larger instruments generally provide information from a speciƠ̐1c point in time at a single location. Studies of atmospheric density and composition with multiple locations for each time point could be performed by CubeSat swarms if proper instrumentation were available to Ơ̐1t CubeSat payload restrictions. The proposed miniaturized time-of-Ơ̐2ight (TOF) mass spectrometer (M.S.) will have a mass resolution and range suƠ̐3cient for measuring the composition of Earth0́9s thermosphere and ionosphere while operating within the power and space constraints of a CubeSat. The capabilities of this instrument could dramatically reduce the cost of future missions while simultaneously enhancing the science return. The design employs miniaturization of TOF-MS technology, including resolution reƠ̐1nement techniques used for larger instruments and standard concepts for TOF-MS components such as acceleration grids, a Bradbury-Nielsen wire gate, a gridless ion mirror, and microchannel plate detector.
Book Synopsis Miniature Mass Spectrometers for Upper Atmosphere Composition Measurements by : A. D. Bailey
Download or read book Miniature Mass Spectrometers for Upper Atmosphere Composition Measurements written by A. D. Bailey and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A basic quadrupole mass spectrometer system for neutral and ionized gaseous composition measurements of the upper atmosphere is described. Emphasis is placed on the electronic circuits used with a particular miniature quadrupole rod assembly and ionizer. Circuits described include the power converter, scan waveform generator, dc and rf excitation generators, logarithmic output current amplifier, ion source filament emission regulator and signal-conditioning circuits for telemetering. A summary of performance specifications and critical design dimensions is included. (Author).
Book Synopsis Balloon-borne Mass Spectrometer Measurements of the Constituents of the Atmosphere to 28 Kilometers by : Rocco S. Narcisi
Download or read book Balloon-borne Mass Spectrometer Measurements of the Constituents of the Atmosphere to 28 Kilometers written by Rocco S. Narcisi and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To determine the feasibility of making mass spectrometric measurements of the lower atmosphere, balloon flights have been made to an altitude of 28 km with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Composition measurements were obtained, and some of the problems of extending the range and accuracy of measurements resolved. (Author).
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry by : Imma Ferrer
Download or read book Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry written by Imma Ferrer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-05-06 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time of flight mass spectrometry identifies the elements of a compound by subjecting a sample of ions to a strong electrical field. Illuminating emerging analytical techniques in high-resolution mass spectrometry, Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry shows readers how to analyze unknown and emerging contaminants—such as antibiotics, steroids, analgesics—using advanced mass spectrometry techniques. The text combines theoretical discussion with concrete examples, making it suitable for analytical chemists, environmental chemists, organic chemists, medicinal chemists, university research chemists, and graduate and post-doctorate students.
Book Synopsis Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and its Applications by : E.W. Schlag
Download or read book Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and its Applications written by E.W. Schlag and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The resurgence of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) has had its origin in the simplicity of construction and application of such instruments together with the high transmission and the great increase in resolution that has been achieved. The instrument lends itself naturally to a coupling with pulsed laser sources, though this is not a prerequisite. It also affords a time resolution far beyond that traditionally achieved with mass spectrometric rapid scan techniques - a recent example being the real-time analysis of a multi-component mixture from an automobile exhaust. Furthermore, the mass range appears to be extremely large: mass up to 500 kDa and beyond what is being readily measured in the laboratory today. The present set of contributions attempts to give a survey of current applications from many of the active groups in the field. A variety of new applications are considered which are no doubt just the beginning of large new areas of application. By presenting this work in book form it is hoped that it will be of help to the many groups intending to initiate work in this rapidly expanding new area of mass spectrometry.
Book Synopsis Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry by : Robert J. Cotter
Download or read book Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry written by Robert J. Cotter and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the basic principles of time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry with a strong emphasis on applications in biological research. It describes many innovative techniques, including orthogonal extraction, post source decay, and delayed extraction, and surveys ionization techniques used on TOF mass spectrometers such as electron impact, plasma desorption, SIMS, FAB, laser desorption, MALDI, and electrospray. The book features chapters on applications to peptides/proteins, oligonucleotides, and other biological macromolecules, and examines how techniques might be used in sequencing the human genome.
Book Synopsis Mass Spectrometry Handbook by : Mike S. Lee
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry Handbook written by Mike S. Lee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-16 with total page 1362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to its enormous sensitivity and ease of use, mass spectrometry has grown into the analytical tool of choice in most industries and areas of research. This unique reference provides an extensive library of methods used in mass spectrometry, covering applications of mass spectrometry in fields as diverse as drug discovery, environmental science, forensic science, clinical analysis, polymers, oil composition, doping, cellular research, semiconductor, ceramics, metals and alloys, and homeland security. The book provides the reader with a protocol for the technique described (including sampling methods) and explains why to use a particular method and not others. Essential for MS specialists working in industrial, environmental, and clinical fields.
Book Synopsis Instrumentation for the Determination of the Composition of the Upper Atmosphere by : GEOPHYSICS CORP OF AMERICA BOSTON MASS.
Download or read book Instrumentation for the Determination of the Composition of the Upper Atmosphere written by GEOPHYSICS CORP OF AMERICA BOSTON MASS. and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rocket-borne version of the mass spectrometer to be used for helium measurement was designed, fabricated, assembled, and is being tested. The system that will be used to calibrate mass spectrometers for atomic oxygen and nitrogen was completed. Testing of the system components and operation is being co ducted. The time-of-flight mass spectrometer remained at the Bendix Research Laboratories, but a new pumping system for the instrument was installed on a test console. The ceramic ring design cold cathode ionization gauge was completed and calibrated. The vacuum gauge calibration system was in operation. Pressure readings of the McLeod gauge pressure standards were compared, and the difference in their readings was traced to a systematic error in determining the final pressure of the compressed gas in the closed end capillary. (Author).
Book Synopsis Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry by : D. Price
Download or read book Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry written by D. Price and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry contains the proceedings of the First European Symposium on Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry held at the University of Salford in the UK on July 3-5, 1967. The papers focus on time-of-flight mass spectrometry and its chemical applications, from flash photolysis and pyrolysis reactions to shock wave reactions and high-temperature studies of inorganic solids. This book is comprised of nine chapters and opens with an introduction to the MA-1 and other time-of-flight mass spectrometers, followed by their applications to studies of chemical reactions such as flash photolysis and pyrolysis reactions, reactions involving shock waves, and high-temperature studies of inorganic solids. Subsequent chapters explore fast recording techniques for time-resolved mass spectrometry; detection of the NH2 free radical and other ammoniacal complexes in the electrical discharge decomposition of ammonia gas; and reactions of ions with molecules in the gas phase and the sputtering of solid surfaces by ion bombardment. The use of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer in experimental investigations of negative ions is also described. This monograph will be a valuable resource for users of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and allow non-users to become acquainted with its applications and advantages.
Book Synopsis Miniature Mass Spectrometers for Upper Atmosphere Composition Measurements by : A. D. Bailey
Download or read book Miniature Mass Spectrometers for Upper Atmosphere Composition Measurements written by A. D. Bailey and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A basic quadrupole mass spectrometer system for neutral and ionized gaseous composition measurements of the upper atmosphere is described. Emphasis is placed on the electronic circuits used with a particular miniature quadrupole rod assembly and ionizer. Circuits described include the power converter, scan waveform generator, dc and rf excitation generators, logarithmic output current amplifier, ion source filament emission regulator and signal-conditioning circuits for telemetering. A summary of performance specifications and critical design dimensions is included. (Author)
Book Synopsis Development and Characterization of a Plasma Source Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometer for Elemental Analysis by : David Patrick Myers
Download or read book Development and Characterization of a Plasma Source Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometer for Elemental Analysis written by David Patrick Myers and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radio-frequency Mass Spectrometer for the Investigation of the Ionic Composition of the Upper Atmosphere by : V. G. Istomin
Download or read book Radio-frequency Mass Spectrometer for the Investigation of the Ionic Composition of the Upper Atmosphere written by V. G. Istomin and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Book Synopsis Aerosol Measurement by : Pramod Kulkarni
Download or read book Aerosol Measurement written by Pramod Kulkarni and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-12 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications Third Edition is the most detailed treatment available of the latest aerosol measurement methods. Drawing on the know-how of numerous expert contributors; it provides a solid grasp of measurement fundamentals and practices a wide variety of aerosol applications. This new edition is updated to address new and developing applications of aerosol measurement, including applications in environmental health, atmospheric science, climate change, air pollution, public health, nanotechnology, particle and powder technology, pharmaceutical research and development, clean room technology (integrated circuit manufacture), and nuclear waste management.
Book Synopsis Applications of Time-of-Flight and Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry in Environmental, Food, Doping, and Forensic Analysis by :
Download or read book Applications of Time-of-Flight and Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry in Environmental, Food, Doping, and Forensic Analysis written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of Time-of-Flight and Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry in Environmental, Food, Doping, and Forensic Analysis deals with the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) in the analysis of small organic molecules. Over the past few years, time-of-flight (ToF) and Orbitrap MS have both experienced tremendous growth in a great number of analytical sectors and are now well established in many laboratories where high requirements are placed on analytical performance. This book gives a head-to-head comparison of these two technologies that compete directly with each other. As users with hands-on experience in both techniques, the authors provide a balanced description of the strengths and weaknesses of both techniques. In the vast majority of cases, ToF-MS and Orbitrap-MS have been used for qualitative purposes, mainly identification of discrete molecular entities such as drug metabolites or transformation products of environmental contaminants. This paradigm is now changing as quantitative capabilities are increasingly being explored, as are non-target approaches for unbiased broad-scope screening. In view of the continuous innovation of high-resolution MS instrument manufacturers in designing and developing more powerful machines, technological advances in both hardware and software are considerable, with many novel applications. This book summarizes and analyzes these trends. The compilation of selected examples from diverse analytical fields will allow the readers to discover not only the potential of high-resolution MS in their sector, but also shows advances in other fields that rely on hi-res MS.
