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Der Einfluss Der Puritanischen Geistlichen Auf Den Ausbruch Der Salemer Hexenverfolgungen 1692
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Book Synopsis Der Einfluss der puritanischen Geistlichen auf den Ausbruch der Salemer Hexenverfolgungen 1692 by : Fabian Fuchs
Download or read book Der Einfluss der puritanischen Geistlichen auf den Ausbruch der Salemer Hexenverfolgungen 1692 written by Fabian Fuchs and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Geschichte Europa - and. Länder - Mittelalter, Frühe Neuzeit, Note: 2,0, Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg (Lehrstuhl für Neuere Geschichte), Veranstaltung: Hexenverfolgung im frühneuzeitlichen Europa, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Salemer Hexenverfolgungen von 1692 stellen ein wichtiges und einzigartiges Ereignis in der Geschichte Nordamerikas dar. Bei den Prozessen wurden ungefähr 20 Menschen als vermeintliche Hexen zum Tode verurteilt und gehängt. Im Vergleich zu den massiven Hexenverfolgungen in Europa könnte man die Fälle in Salem als unwesentlich abtun, aber sie unterscheiden sich von den europäischen Exzessen in einigen Punkten. Die geistige Basis der Hexenjagden in Europa war der "Malleus Maleficarum" (Hexenhammer), der den Verfolgern Kriterien und Instruktionen für das Erkennen, die Wirkung und das Foltern von Hexen an die Hand gab. Dieser wurde in Nordamerika nicht verwendet. Außerdem wurden die Verfolgungen und Prozesse von der Salemer Stadt- und Dorfgemeinschaft organisiert, wohingegen in Europa hauptsächlich die Kirche dafürverantwortlich war. Diese Hausarbeit untersucht den Einfluss der puritanischen Geistlichen auf den Ausbruch der Salemer Hexenprozesse. Einerseits werde ich die Schriften und Werke dreier dieser Personen vorstellen und analysieren, inwieweit sie magisches und die Hexerei betreffendes Gedankengut enthalten und wie dieses die Bücher und Predigten rezipierende Bevölkerung in Neuengland beeinflusst hat. Das damalige Gemeinwesen Salems war puritanisch geführt und organisiert, und der Einfluss dieser christlichen Reformbewegung auf das gesellschaftliche Leben war hoch. Die Fragestellung ist nun diejenige, ob puritanische Geistliche die Hauptverantwortlichen für den Ausbruch der Verfolgungen sind, ob sie als Opfer selbst darunter zu leiden hatten oder ob sich beides die Waage hält. Zuerst werde ich einen kurzen Abriss über die Geschichte und Herkunft des Puritanismus geben. Danach betrachte
Book Synopsis Arthur Miller’s "The Crucible". A Portrayal of a Puritan Society by : Anika Kehl
Download or read book Arthur Miller’s "The Crucible". A Portrayal of a Puritan Society written by Anika Kehl and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2014-08-21 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject English - Literature, Works, grade: 1,7, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald (Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: Proseminar: Lost in Literature, language: English, abstract: What happened in Salem, in 1692, is today described as one of the darkest episodes in American history. Still today, historians try to find out what caused the disastrous outbreak of the witch craze but the only thing they can be sure about is that they can not explain why so many people had to die. “Accusations of witchcraft were not unusual in the seventeenth-century world [...]” What was so special about the time and place that such an outbreak of random accusations became possible? “[...] “Salem” has become an icon in American culture. The trials have become a metaphor for hysterical prosecution, unfounded accusations, and confessions that have no reasonable explanation.” Believe in witchcraft had existed for hundreds of years before the hysteria broke out in Salem. The colonists who came to Massachusetts had a strong belief in the devil and his agents and were mainly Puritans, who came to America to gain religious freedom. There are many things you could compare between the historical account of the witch hunt and Arthur Miller’s play The Crucible. This paper is going to analyse the portrayal of a Puritan society in Miller’s play and will try to find out whether the religion of the people and therewith their way of life have caused the rising of the witch scare and the horrible outcome for the characters in the play. It is going to be analysed why normal people start accusing their neighbours and friends for witchcraft although many of them are aware of the consequences for the accused. At first it is going to be described how Arthur Miller informed himself about the happenings of 1692 in order to underline his credibility of being able to create the Puritan society of that time. In the following the terms ‘Puritanism’ and ‘Puritan’ will be briefly defined. The main part of the paper will concentrate on the analysis of Puritan traits, beliefs, and lifestyles in The Crucible in order to find out whether they might have played a part in the catastrophe.
Download or read book Damned Women written by Elizabeth Reis and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1999-01-18 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In her analysis of the cultural construction of gender in early America, Elizabeth Reis explores the intersection of Puritan theology, Puritan evaluations of womanhood, and the Salem witchcraft episodes. She finds in those intersections the basis for understanding why women were accused of witchcraft more often than men, why they confessed more often, and why they frequently accused other women of being witches. In negotiating their beliefs about the devil's powers, both women and men embedded womanhood in the discourse of depravity.Puritan ministers insisted that women and men were equal in the sight of God, with both sexes equally capable of cleaving to Christ or to the devil. Nevertheless, Reis explains, womanhood and evil were inextricably linked in the minds and hearts of seventeenth-century New England Puritans. Women and men feared hell equally but Puritan culture encouraged women to believe it was their vile natures that would take them there rather than the particular sins they might have committed.Following the Salem witchcraft trials, Reis argues, Puritans' understanding of sin and the devil changed. Ministers and laity conceived of a Satan who tempted sinners and presided physically over hell, rather than one who possessed souls in the living world. Women and men became increasingly confident of their redemption, although women more than men continued to imagine themselves as essentially corrupt, even after the Great Awakening.
Book Synopsis The Profane, the Civil, and the Godly by : Richard P. Gildrie
Download or read book The Profane, the Civil, and the Godly written by Richard P. Gildrie and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 1993-11-17 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this prize-winning study of the sacred and profane in Puritan New England, Richard P. Gildrie seeks to understand not only the fears, aspirations, and moral theories of Puritan reformers but also the customs and attitudes they sought to transform. Topics include tavern mores, family order, witchcraft, criminality, and popular religion. Gildrie demonstrates that Puritanism succeeded in shaping regional society and culture for generations not because New Englanders knew no alternatives but because it offered a compelling vision of human dignity capable of incorporating and adapting crucial elements of popular mores and aspirations.
Book Synopsis The Salem Witch Crisis by : Larry D. Gragg
Download or read book The Salem Witch Crisis written by Larry D. Gragg and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1992-06-16 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Salem Witch Crisis offers a readable narrative of events surrounding the Massachusetts witch trials of 1692. Studies of early American witchcraft in the past two decades have been specialized ones. They demonstrated the possibility that economic conflict, gender and generational hostility, religious divisions, fears of witch cults, and challenges to the legal system sometimes were involved in witchcraft accusations. Collectively, these numerous scholarly monographs and journal articles have both broadened and deepened our understanding of the role of witchcraft beliefs in early America. Unfortunately, there is no single volume that draws upon this impressive body of research and incorporates it into an account of what happened at Salem. Second, the scholarship of the last twenty years has not usually been directed to the general reader; most authors either assume readers are familiar with the events of 1692 or obscure their efforts by resorting to the occasionally impenetrable vocabulary of the social sciences. Gragg provides a synthesis of modern scholarship on the Salem witch trials in a style accessible to the general reader. The inclination of recent scholars has been to portray the people of seventeenth-century Massachusetts as helpless victims of powerful economic, social, and psychological forces. Many recent accounts depict individuals as being unable to have an impact on events, because of entrenched sexual hostility, chronic generational conflicts, or the clash of capitalist and peasant cultures. Gragg asserts a more traditional interpretation. Rather than seeing the people of Salem Village and the surrounding communities as being swept along by the forces of historical change, he makes a very strong case that the people involved (whether they were clergymen, judges, accusers, or the accused) were active participants, who made decisions that shaped the outcome of events in 1692.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines by : Patricia Monaghan, PhD
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines written by Patricia Monaghan, PhD and published by New World Library. This book was released on 2014-04-06 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More Than 1,000 Goddesses & Heroines from around the World Groundbreaking scholar Patricia Monaghan spent her life researching, writing about, and documenting goddesses and heroines from all religions and all corners of the globe. Her work demonstrated that from the beginning of recorded history, goddesses reigned alongside their male counterparts as figures of inspiration and awe. Drawing on anthropology, folklore, literature, and psychology, Monaghan’s vibrant and accessible encyclopedia covers female deities from Africa, the eastern Mediterranean, Asia and Oceania, Europe, and the Americas, as well as every major religious tradition.
Book Synopsis Goddesses for Every Day by : Julie Loar
Download or read book Goddesses for Every Day written by Julie Loar and published by New World Library. This book was released on 2011 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout time, people have turned to goddesses as symbols of what they seek -- from abundance to healing, from protection to passion. Building on the resurgence of interest in the Divine Feminine, Julie Loar presents the qualities and origins of an international array of these deities, along with powerful suggestions for putting their attributes to practical use. In a daily-reflection format, she gracefully aligns the goddesses with the cycles of nature and the signs of the zodiac. If you are struggling to attain a goal, call on the Nepalese goddess Chomolungma, as the sherpas climbing Mount Everest have done for generations. Or, for good luck, invoke the Roman goddess Fortuna, the inspiration behind gambling's wheel of fortune. With 366 goddesses to choose from, you will find a deity to call upon for every aspiration and need.
Book Synopsis Ambrosio, Or The Monk by : Matthew Gregory Lewis
Download or read book Ambrosio, Or The Monk written by Matthew Gregory Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1800 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Puritan Legacy to American Politics by :
Download or read book The Puritan Legacy to American Politics written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-07-13 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,3, Free University of Berlin, language: English, abstract: Americans express a peculiar fascination with the founding of their country. Both citizens and scholars often disagree over details of the beginnings but many Americans define themselves in relation to the founding. History inspires them and provides a patriotic sense of belonging. It is often debated whether current policies are faithful to the so-called founding principles, what has stayed the same and what has changed. Though many countries celebrate their birth, only Americans combine so much cultural myths and political history. Alexis de Tocqueville famously said: “I think I can see the whole destiny of America contained in the first Puritan who landed on those shores”(Tocqueville 1831-32). And indeed, much of American mainstream culture builds on a Puritan legacy. They claim to have inherited it by promoting the idea of religious freedom and equal opportunity, by being a ‘city upon a hill’, a stronghold for democracy, and much more. However, only by retracing the historical development of Puritanism and its roots, it becomes possible to determine what sufficiently defines the Puritan legacy and what causes the persistent relevance in American politics up to this day. As Perry Miller stated, “[w]ithout some understanding of Puritanism, it may safely be said, there is no understanding of America” (Miller 1950, 4). In this work I will therefore begin with reviewing the historical background of Puritan theology and development in North America. Given this as a basis, I intend to trace back political modes of thought and behavior to Puritan roots. I will answer the question in how far Puritanism is still alive today and how its legacy to American politics can be described.
Book Synopsis The Language of the Goddess by : Marija Gimbutas
Download or read book The Language of the Goddess written by Marija Gimbutas and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The first authoritative work on the ancient goddess culture."Boston Globe The Goddess is the most potent and persistent feature in the archaeological records of the ancient world, a symbol of the unity of life in nature and the personification of all that was sacred and mysterious on earth. In this pioneering and provocative volume, Marija Gimbutas resurrects the world of the Goddess-worshipping, earth- centered cultures, bringing ancient matriarchal society vividly to life. She interweaves comparative mythology, early historical sources, linguistics, ethnography, and folklore to demonstrate conclusively that Goddess-worship is at the root of Western civilization. Illustrated with nearly 2,000 symbolic artifacts, Gimbutas' magnum opus is at once a "pictorial script" of the prehistoric Goddess religion and an authoritative work that takes these ancient cultures from the realm of speculation into that of documented fact. Over 500 illustrations.
Book Synopsis The Listener by : Algernon Blackwood
Download or read book The Listener written by Algernon Blackwood and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2022-06-03 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The writer of this book was well-known for his tales of the supernatural and horror. The book begins with a series of diary entries, describing the author's search for accommodation in London. We learn that he is of limited means and sells the occasional piece for a magazine. The rooms are described as ramshackle and dusty. He is the only occupant in the whole house and previous tenants have gone. Without saying so, there is a sense of unease even in the opening pages.
Book Synopsis Biblical Ideas in Anne Bradstreet's the Flesh and the Spirit by : Christoph Aschoff
Download or read book Biblical Ideas in Anne Bradstreet's the Flesh and the Spirit written by Christoph Aschoff and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-02 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,3, Saarland University (Anglistik, Amerikanistik und anglophone Kulturen), course: Proseminar: An Introduction to American Poetry, language: English, abstract: "I believe in the flesh and the appetites," proclaimed the well-known American poet Walt Whitman in his famous "Song of Myself" in 1855. About two centuries earlier, the Puritan poet Anne Bradstreet also dealt with the topic of her belief and the "flesh" in her poem "The Flesh and the Spirit" (1678), but from quite a different perspective and with very different associations. According to Joseph McElrath and Allan P. Robb it is known from autobiographical material that Bradstreet started to read the Bible at the very early age of six (xvi). He also states that ". . . her thorough familiarity with the Bible artfully manifests itself in virtually everything she wrote" (xix). Therefore I argue that as a work of Puritan poetry Anne Bradstreet s "The Flesh and the Spirit" is mainly inspired by biblical ideas. In my paper, I intend to identify the basic ideas derived from the Bible in the poem and the allusions to books of the New but also the Old Testament. For this purpose, I will examine which central concepts in Bradstreet's poem stem from the Scripture and explain their meaning in the context of the Bible. Thus, the meaning of the poem itself should become clearer. For the analysis, I will use the knowledge I acquired by reading the Bible for several years and studying Protestant theology. In addition, I will consult a Bible concordance and linguistic critical literature.
Book Synopsis The Dual Historical Context of Arthur Miller's "The Crucible" by : Kristin Hammer
Download or read book The Dual Historical Context of Arthur Miller's "The Crucible" written by Kristin Hammer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-12 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2000 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 1,7 (A-), University of Münster (Anglistics/ American Studies), course: Advanced Seminar Modern American Drama, 13 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: As Arthur Miller states in his autobiography,1 The Crucible has become his most frequently produced play. This great success of a conventional drama can certainly not be explained without regard to its political message. When the play was first performed in 1953, its audiences were quick to recognize the connections between the witch craze in 17th century Massachusetts and the American anti-communist hysteria of their own time. Like any literary text, The Crucible reflects the conditions under which it was produced, and Miller himself says that he could not have written it at any other time.2 Since in this case parallels between the events in both times are extremely striking, it seems necessary for the understanding and interpretation of the play to explain its dual historical context. At the same time, it would be wrong to interpret Miller's drama against this background only. Or, as Reitz puts it: "The Crucible ist kein Schlüsseldrama, das auf die vordergründige Aktualität von Wiedererkennungseffekten setzt und zu diesem Zweck Anhänger und Gegner McCarthys als Puritaner (...) kostümiert".3 Miklos Trocsanyi argues similarly, pointing out that Miller was glad, when in the contemporary criticism (...) less and less mention was made of and parallel drawn between the witchcraft hysteria and McCarthyism. It meant that the deeper message was more and more appreciated.4 Finding out about this "deeper message" is what the analysis of the dual historical context aims at. Therefore this research paper will, after explaining the historical circumstances of both the Salem witch hunt and the American anticommunism under McCarthy, focus on parallel phenomena underlying the events in both times. This comparison, whic
Book Synopsis Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Representation of the Puritan Society by : Bahar Ilk
Download or read book Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Representation of the Puritan Society written by Bahar Ilk and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Literature, Works, grade: 1,0, University of Duisburg-Essen, language: English, abstract: The first section of this paper will examine Hawthorne’s biography and historical background from which his Puritan inheritance arose in order to understand his works. After the historical background has been depicted, the focus will be set on the ambiguous illustration of the Puritan community in two of his works. Being a direct descendant of Massachusetts Baycolonists, the Puritan era of New England served as a lifelong preoccupation for Hawthorne and inspired many of his stories, especially "The Scarlet Letter" and “Young Goodman Brown”. Therefore, these two works are particularly significant in terms of their representation of Puritanism.
Download or read book The Dinner Party written by Judy Chicago and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tenth Muse, Lately Sprung Up in America by : Anne D. Bradstreet
Download or read book Tenth Muse, Lately Sprung Up in America written by Anne D. Bradstreet and published by . This book was released on 1650-01-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Demonic possession by : Hans de Waardt
Download or read book Demonic possession written by Hans de Waardt and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
