Deep Homology

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Deep Homology?

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Author : Lewis I. Held, Jr
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316982718
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (169 download)

Book Synopsis Deep Homology? by : Lewis I. Held, Jr

Download or read book Deep Homology? written by Lewis I. Held, Jr and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans and flies look nothing alike, yet their genetic circuits are remarkably similar. Here, Lewis I. Held, Jr compares the genetics and development of the two to review the evidence for deep homology, the biggest discovery from the emerging field of evolutionary developmental biology. Remnants of the operating system of our hypothetical common ancestor 600 million years ago are compared in chapters arranged by region of the body, from the nervous system, limbs and heart, to vision, hearing and smell. Concept maps provide a clear understanding of the complex subjects addressed, while encyclopaedic tables offer comprehensive inventories of genetic information. Written in an engaging style with a reference section listing thousands of relevant publications, this is a vital resource for scientific researchers, and graduate and undergraduate students.

Deep Homology?

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Author : Lewis I. Held, Jr
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107147182
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

Book Synopsis Deep Homology? by : Lewis I. Held, Jr

Download or read book Deep Homology? written by Lewis I. Held, Jr and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparison of the genetic circuits of Homo sapiens and Drosophila reveals the evidence for deep homology.

Evolution and Development

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Author : Alan C. Love
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108575072
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (85 download)

Book Synopsis Evolution and Development by : Alan C. Love

Download or read book Evolution and Development written by Alan C. Love and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-03-07 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A philosophical exploration of the interdisciplinary nature of evo-devo and its concepts, including conserved mechanisms, deep homology, and evolutionary novelty. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Intersection Homology & Perverse Sheaves

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Author : Laurenţiu G. Maxim
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030276449
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

Book Synopsis Intersection Homology & Perverse Sheaves by : Laurenţiu G. Maxim

Download or read book Intersection Homology & Perverse Sheaves written by Laurenţiu G. Maxim and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-30 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a gentle introduction to intersection homology and perverse sheaves, where concrete examples and geometric applications motivate concepts throughout. By giving a taste of the main ideas in the field, the author welcomes new readers to this exciting area at the crossroads of topology, algebraic geometry, analysis, and differential equations. Those looking to delve further into the abstract theory will find ample references to facilitate navigation of both classic and recent literature. Beginning with an introduction to intersection homology from a geometric and topological viewpoint, the text goes on to develop the sheaf-theoretical perspective. Then algebraic geometry comes to the fore: a brief discussion of constructibility opens onto an in-depth exploration of perverse sheaves. Highlights from the following chapters include a detailed account of the proof of the Beilinson–Bernstein–Deligne–Gabber (BBDG) decomposition theorem, applications of perverse sheaves to hypersurface singularities, and a discussion of Hodge-theoretic aspects of intersection homology via Saito’s deep theory of mixed Hodge modules. An epilogue offers a succinct summary of the literature surrounding some recent applications. Intersection Homology & Perverse Sheaves is suitable for graduate students with a basic background in topology and algebraic geometry. By building context and familiarity with examples, the text offers an ideal starting point for those entering the field. This classroom-tested approach opens the door to further study and to current research.

Evolutionary Neuroscience

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Author : Jon H. Kaas
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780123751683
Total Pages : 1038 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (516 download)

Book Synopsis Evolutionary Neuroscience by : Jon H. Kaas

Download or read book Evolutionary Neuroscience written by Jon H. Kaas and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-07-28 with total page 1038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolutionary Neuroscience is a collection of articles in brain evolution selected from the recent comprehensive reference, Evolution of Nervous Systems (Elsevier, Academic Press, 2007). The selected chapters cover a broad range of topics from historical theory to the most recent deductions from comparative studies of brains. The articles are organized in sections focused on theories and brain scaling, the evolution of brains from early vertebrates to present-day fishes, amphibians, reptiles and birds, the evolution of mammalian brains, and the evolution of primate brains, including human brains. Each chapter is written by a leader or leaders in the field, and has been reviewed by other experts. Specific topics include brain character reconstruction, principles of brain scaling, basic features of vertebrate brains, the evolution of the major sensory systems, and other parts of brains, what we can learn from fossils, the origin of neocortex, and the evolution of specializations of human brains. The collection of articles will be interesting to anyone who is curious about how brains evolved from the simpler nervous systems of the first vertebrates into the many different complex forms now found in present-day vertebrates. This book would be of use to students at the graduate or undergraduate levels, as well as professional neuroscientists, cognitive scientists, and psychologists. Together, the chapters provide a comprehensive list of further reading and references for those who want to inquire further. • The most comprehensive, authoritative and up-to-date single volume collection on brain evolution • Full color throughout, with many illustrations • Written by leading scholars and experts

Homology, Genes, and Evolutionary Innovation

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Author : Günter P. Wagner
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691180679
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

Book Synopsis Homology, Genes, and Evolutionary Innovation by : Günter P. Wagner

Download or read book Homology, Genes, and Evolutionary Innovation written by Günter P. Wagner and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major synthesis of homology, written by a top researcher in the field Homology—a similar trait shared by different species and derived from common ancestry, such as a seal's fin and a bird’s wing—is one of the most fundamental yet challenging concepts in evolutionary biology. This groundbreaking book provides the first mechanistically based theory of what homology is and how it arises in evolution. Günter Wagner, one of the preeminent researchers in the field, argues that homology, or character identity, can be explained through the historical continuity of character identity networks—that is, the gene regulatory networks that enable differential gene expression. He shows how character identity is independent of the form and function of the character itself because the same network can activate different effector genes and thus control the development of different shapes, sizes, and qualities of the character. Demonstrating how this theoretical model can provide a foundation for understanding the evolutionary origin of novel characters, Wagner applies it to the origin and evolution of specific systems, such as cell types; skin, hair, and feathers; limbs and digits; and flowers. The first major synthesis of homology to be published in decades, Homology, Genes, and Evolutionary Innovation reveals how a mechanistically based theory can serve as a unifying concept for any branch of science concerned with the structure and development of organisms, and how it can help explain major transitions in evolution and broad patterns of biological diversity.

DNA

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Author : Israel Rosenfield
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231142714
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

Book Synopsis DNA by : Israel Rosenfield

Download or read book DNA written by Israel Rosenfield and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces the history of scientific studies into the nature of DNA and examines the impact of DNA research and genetic engineering on society.

Grid Homology for Knots and Links

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Author : Peter S. Ozsváth
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 1470417375
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

Book Synopsis Grid Homology for Knots and Links by : Peter S. Ozsváth

Download or read book Grid Homology for Knots and Links written by Peter S. Ozsváth and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2015-12-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knot theory is a classical area of low-dimensional topology, directly connected with the theory of three-manifolds and smooth four-manifold topology. In recent years, the subject has undergone transformative changes thanks to its connections with a number of other mathematical disciplines, including gauge theory; representation theory and categorification; contact geometry; and the theory of pseudo-holomorphic curves. Starting from the combinatorial point of view on knots using their grid diagrams, this book serves as an introduction to knot theory, specifically as it relates to some of the above developments. After a brief overview of the background material in the subject, the book gives a self-contained treatment of knot Floer homology from the point of view of grid diagrams. Applications include computations of the unknotting number and slice genus of torus knots (asked first in the 1960s and settled in the 1990s), and tools to study variants of knot theory in the presence of a contact structure. Additional topics are presented to prepare readers for further study in holomorphic methods in low-dimensional topology, especially Heegaard Floer homology. The book could serve as a textbook for an advanced undergraduate or part of a graduate course in knot theory. Standard background material is sketched in the text and the appendices.

The Biolinguistic Enterprise

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Author : Anna Maria Di Sciullo
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191624772
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

Book Synopsis The Biolinguistic Enterprise by : Anna Maria Di Sciullo

Download or read book The Biolinguistic Enterprise written by Anna Maria Di Sciullo and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-03-17 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, by leading scholars, represents some of the main work in progress in biolinguistics. It offers fresh perspectives on language evolution and variation, new developments in theoretical linguistics, and insights on the relations between variation in language and variation in biology. The authors address the Darwinian questions on the origin and evolution of language from a minimalist perspective, and provide elegant solutions to the evolutionary gap between human language and communication in all other organisms. They consider language variation in the context of current biological approaches to species diversity - the 'evo-devo revolution' - which bring to light deep homologies between organisms. In dispensing with the classical notion of syntactic parameters, the authors argue that language variation, like biodiversity, is the result of experience and thus not a part of the language faculty in the narrow sense. They also examine the nature of this core language faculty, the primary categories with which it is concerned, the operations it performs, the syntactic constraints it poses on semantic interpretation and the role of phases in bridging the gap between brain and syntax. Written in language accessible to a wide audience, The Biolinguistic Enterprise will appeal to scholars and students of linguistics, cognitive science, biology, and natural language processing.

Emerging Model Systems in Developmental Biology

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Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128201606
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

Book Synopsis Emerging Model Systems in Developmental Biology by :

Download or read book Emerging Model Systems in Developmental Biology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-03-23 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ever-growing roster of model organisms is a hallmark of 21st century Developmental Biology. Emerging model organisms are well suited to asking some fascinating and important questions that cannot be addressed using established model systems. And new methods are increasingly facilitating the adoption of new research organisms in laboratories. This volume is written by some of the scientists who have played pivotal roles in developing new models or in significantly advancing tools in emerging systems. Presents some of the most interesting additions to the core set of model organisms Contains contributions from people who have developed new model systems or advanced tools Includes personal stories about how and why model systems were developed

Behaving

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Author : Kenneth F. Schaffner
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195171403
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

Book Synopsis Behaving by : Kenneth F. Schaffner

Download or read book Behaving written by Kenneth F. Schaffner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behaving presents an overview of the recent history and methodology of behavioral genetics and psychiatric genetics, informed by a philosophical perspective. Kenneth F. Schaffner addresses a wide range of issues, including genetic reductionism and determinism, "free will," and quantitative and molecular genetics. The latter covers newer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have produced a paradigm shift in the subject, and generated the problem of "missing heritability." Schaffner also presents cases involving pro and con arguments for genetic testing for IQ and for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Schaffner examines the nature-nurture controversy and Developmental Systems Theory using C. elegans or "worm" studies as a test case, concluding that genes are special and provide powerful tools, including "deep homology," for investigating behavior. He offers a novel account of biological knowledge emphasizing the importance of models, mechanisms, pathways, and networks, which clarifies how partial reductions provide explanations of traits and disorders. The book also includes examinations of personality genetics and of schizophrenia and its etiology, alongside interviews with prominent researchers in the area, and discusses debates about psychosis that led to changes in the DSM-5 in 2013. Schaffner concludes by discussing additional philosophical implications of the genetic analyses in the book, some major worries about "free will," and arguments pro and con about why genes and DNA are so special. Though genes are special, newer perspectives presented in this book will be needed for progress in behavioral genetics- perspectives that situate genes in complex multilevel prototypic pathways and networks. With a mix of optimism and pessimism about the state of the field and the subject, Schaffner's book will be of interest to scholars in the history and philosophy of science, medicine, and psychiatry.

Neurobiology of Motor Control

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Author : Scott L. Hooper
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118873343
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

Book Synopsis Neurobiology of Motor Control by : Scott L. Hooper

Download or read book Neurobiology of Motor Control written by Scott L. Hooper and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-12 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multi-disciplinary look at the current state of knowledge regarding motor control and movement—from molecular biology to robotics The last two decades have seen a dramatic increase in the number of sophisticated tools and methodologies for exploring motor control and movement. Multi-unit recordings, molecular neurogenetics, computer simulation, and new scientific approaches for studying how muscles and body anatomy transform motor neuron activity into movement have helped revolutionize the field. Neurobiology of Motor Control brings together contributions from an interdisciplinary group of experts to provide a review of the current state of knowledge about the initiation and execution of movement, as well as the latest methods and tools for investigating them. The book ranges from the findings of basic scientists studying model organisms such as mollusks and Drosophila, to biomedical researchers investigating vertebrate motor production to neuroengineers working to develop robotic and smart prostheses technologies. Following foundational chapters on current molecular biological techniques, neuronal ensemble recording, and computer simulation, it explores a broad range of related topics, including the evolution of motor systems, directed targeted movements, plasticity and learning, and robotics. Explores motor control and movement in a wide variety of organisms, from simple invertebrates to human beings Offers concise summaries of motor control systems across a variety of animals and movement types Explores an array of tools and methodologies, including electrophysiological techniques, neurogenic and molecular techniques, large ensemble recordings, and computational methods Considers unresolved questions and how current scientific advances may be used to solve them going forward Written specifically to encourage interdisciplinary understanding and collaboration, and offering the most wide-ranging, timely, and comprehensive look at the science of motor control and movement currently available, Neurobiology of Motor Control is a must-read for all who study movement production and the neurobiological basis of movement—from molecular biologists to roboticists.

From Clone to Bone

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Author : Robert J. Asher
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139789147
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (397 download)

Book Synopsis From Clone to Bone by : Robert J. Asher

Download or read book From Clone to Bone written by Robert J. Asher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-18 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1980s, a renewed understanding of molecular development has afforded an unprecedented level of knowledge of the mechanisms by which phenotype in animals and plants has evolved. In this volume, top scientists in these fields provide perspectives on how molecular data in biology help to elucidate key questions in estimating paleontological divergence and in understanding the mechanisms behind phenotypic evolution. Paleobiological questions such as genome size, digit homologies, genetic control cascades behind phenotype, estimates of vertebrate divergence dates, and rates of morphological evolution are addressed, with a special emphasis on how molecular biology can inform paleontology, directly and indirectly, to better understand life's past. Highlighting a significant shift towards interdisciplinary collaboration, this is a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the integration of organismal and molecular biology.

Adam's Tongue

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Author : Derek Bickerton
Publisher : Hill and Wang
ISBN 13 : 1429930292
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

Book Synopsis Adam's Tongue by : Derek Bickerton

Download or read book Adam's Tongue written by Derek Bickerton and published by Hill and Wang. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How language evolved has been called "the hardest problem in science." In Adam's Tongue, Derek Bickerton—long a leading authority in this field—shows how and why previous attempts to solve that problem have fallen short. Taking cues from topics as diverse as the foraging strategies of ants, the distribution of large prehistoric herbivores, and the construction of ecological niches, Bickerton produces a dazzling new alternative to the conventional wisdom. Language is unique to humans, but it isn't the only thing that sets us apart from other species—our cognitive powers are qualitatively different. So could there be two separate discontinuities between humans and the rest of nature? No, says Bickerton; he shows how the mere possession of symbolic units—words—automatically opened a new and different cognitive universe, one that yielded novel innovations ranging from barbed arrowheads to the Apollo spacecraft. Written in Bickerton's lucid and irreverent style, this book is the first that thoroughly integrates the story of how language evolved with the story of how humans evolved. Sure to be controversial, it will make indispensable reading both for experts in the field and for every reader who has ever wondered how a species as remarkable as ours could have come into existence.

Convergent Evolution in Stone-Tool Technology

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Author : Michael J. O'Brien
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262346176
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

Book Synopsis Convergent Evolution in Stone-Tool Technology by : Michael J. O'Brien

Download or read book Convergent Evolution in Stone-Tool Technology written by Michael J. O'Brien and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars from a variety of disciplines consider cases of convergence in lithic technology, when functional or developmental constraints result in similar forms in independent lineages. Hominins began using stone tools at least 2.6 million years ago, perhaps even 3.4 million years ago. Given the nearly ubiquitous use of stone tools by humans and their ancestors, the study of lithic technology offers an important line of inquiry into questions of evolution and behavior. This book examines convergence in stone tool-making, cases in which functional or developmental constraints result in similar forms in independent lineages. Identifying examples of convergence, and distinguishing convergence from divergence, refutes hypotheses that suggest physical or cultural connection between far-flung prehistoric toolmakers. Employing phylogenetic analysis and stone-tool replication, the contributors show that similarity of tools can be caused by such common constraints as the fracture properties of stone or adaptive challenges rather than such unlikely phenomena as migration of toolmakers over an Arctic ice shelf. Contributors R. Alexander Bentley, Briggs Buchanan, Marcelo Cardillo, Mathieu Charbonneau, Judith Charlin, Chris Clarkson, Loren G. Davis, Metin I. Eren, Peter Hiscock, Thomas A. Jennings, Steven L. Kuhn, Daniel E. Lieberman, George R. McGhee, Alex Mackay, Michael J. O'Brien, Charlotte D. Pevny, Ceri Shipton, Ashley M. Smallwood, Heather Smith, Jayne Wilkins, Samuel C. Willis, Nicolas Zayns

The Structure of Evolutionary Theory

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Author : Stephen Jay Gould
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674417925
Total Pages : 1460 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (744 download)

Book Synopsis The Structure of Evolutionary Theory by : Stephen Jay Gould

Download or read book The Structure of Evolutionary Theory written by Stephen Jay Gould and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2002-03-21 with total page 1460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world’s most revered and eloquent interpreter of evolutionary ideas offers here a work of explanatory force unprecedented in our time—a landmark publication, both for its historical sweep and for its scientific vision. With characteristic attention to detail, Stephen Jay Gould first describes the content and discusses the history and origins of the three core commitments of classical Darwinism: that natural selection works on organisms, not genes or species; that it is almost exclusively the mechanism of adaptive evolutionary change; and that these changes are incremental, not drastic. Next, he examines the three critiques that currently challenge this classic Darwinian edifice: that selection operates on multiple levels, from the gene to the group; that evolution proceeds by a variety of mechanisms, not just natural selection; and that causes operating at broader scales, including catastrophes, have figured prominently in the course of evolution. Then, in a stunning tour de force that will likely stimulate discussion and debate for decades, Gould proposes his own system for integrating these classical commitments and contemporary critiques into a new structure of evolutionary thought. In 2001 the Library of Congress named Stephen Jay Gould one of America’s eighty-three Living Legends—people who embody the “quintessentially American ideal of individual creativity, conviction, dedication, and exuberance.” Each of these qualities finds full expression in this peerless work, the likes of which the scientific world has not seen—and may not see again—for well over a century.

Language Evolution

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Author : Rudolf Botha
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107135133
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

Book Synopsis Language Evolution by : Rudolf Botha

Download or read book Language Evolution written by Rudolf Botha and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the question: how can we unravel the evolution of language, given that there is no direct evidence about it?