Finding What Works in Health Care

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309164257
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Finding What Works in Health Care by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Finding What Works in Health Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-07-20 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.

Decision and Simulation Modeling in Systematic Reviews

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Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781484997239
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (972 download)

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Book Synopsis Decision and Simulation Modeling in Systematic Reviews by : U. S. Department Human Services

Download or read book Decision and Simulation Modeling in Systematic Reviews written by U. S. Department Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-05-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to provide guidance for determining when incorporating a decision-analytic model alongside a systemic review would be of added value for decision making purposes. The purpose of systematic reviews is to synthesize the current scientific literature on a particular topic in the form of evidence reports and technology assessments to assist public and private organizations in developing strategies that improve the quality of health care and decision making. However, there is often not enough evidence to fully address the questions that are relevant for decision makers. Decision models may provide added value alongside systematic reviews by adding a formal structure, which can be informed by the evidence. METHODS: Our framework is informed by two sets of interviews and a focus group discussion; literature reviews to summarize best modeling practices and to profile the modeling literature; and an exploration of the feasibility of developing a database of published models. We interviewed Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) members, some of whom have successfully incorporated models in EPC reports, to document lessons learned from those experiences. We also interviewed members of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and cancer modelers who were involved in the recent efforts to use modeling with a systematic review to update USPSTF cancer screening guidelines, to evaluate the process of conducting a simultaneous systematic review and modeling exercise, and to evaluate stakeholder-perceived needs and whether needs were met. We reviewed and summarized the literature on best practices for modeling. This was supplemented by a focus group discussion with modeling experts to elicit, characterize, and precisely qualify best practices in decision and simulation modeling. These included: model formulation and characterization, model development and construction, handling and presentation of modeling assumptions, definition and presentation of parameters, outcomes to incorporate into the model, model analysis, model testing, validation, and implementation (including results presentation and communication). We developed a profile of the current modeling literature by conducting a systematic review of the medical literature and the grey literature to document publications that used a decision model and for what purpose (e.g., disease of interest, interventions evaluated). We also developed a prototype database to serve as a preliminary step in developing a resource that could be used to determine if, and how many, models exist on a particular disease of interest. RESULTS: The resulting report consists of six chapters. Decision and Simulation Modeling Alongside Systematic Reviews provides an overview of models and describes the differences and synergies between systematic reviews and decision analysis. In Overview of Decision Models Used in Research, we provide a "scan" of the medical literature over the past 5 years in terms of the use of models in studies that compare intervention strategies using multiple sources of data. Use of Modeling in Systematic Reviews: The EPC Perspective documents the extent to which EPCs have incorporated models into data and presents results from key informant interviews with EPC members. We present a framework for deciding when a decision model can inform decisionmaking alongside a systematic review in Suggested Framework for Deciding When a Modeling Effort Should Be Added to a Systematic Review. Potential Modeling Resources explores several possible approaches to use when undertaking a modeling effort and discusses some of the challenges. Lastly, Best Practices for Decision and Simulation Modeling reviews the literature on best practices for modeling, supplemented by a focus group discussion with modeling experts, and lessons learned about the process of conducting a modeling exercise alongside a systematic review using recent experience with the USPSTF. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest a process for deciding when conducting a decision analysis in conjunction with a systematic review would be of value to decision makers.

Modeling and Simulation

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642395244
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling and Simulation by : Hans-Joachim Bungartz

Download or read book Modeling and Simulation written by Hans-Joachim Bungartz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-24 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die Autoren führen auf anschauliche und systematische Weise in die mathematische und informatische Modellierung sowie in die Simulation als universelle Methodik ein. Es geht um Klassen von Modellen und um die Vielfalt an Beschreibungsarten. Aber es geht immer auch darum, wie aus Modellen konkrete Simulationsergebnisse gewonnen werden können. Nach einem kompakten Repetitorium zum benötigten mathematischen Apparat wird das Konzept anhand von Szenarien u. a. aus den Bereichen „Spielen – entscheiden – planen" und „Physik im Rechner" umgesetzt.

Simulation Modeling and Analysis with ARENA

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080548954
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Simulation Modeling and Analysis with ARENA by : Tayfur Altiok

Download or read book Simulation Modeling and Analysis with ARENA written by Tayfur Altiok and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-26 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulation Modeling and Analysis with Arena is a highly readable textbook which treats the essentials of the Monte Carlo discrete-event simulation methodology, and does so in the context of a popular Arena simulation environment. It treats simulation modeling as an in-vitro laboratory that facilitates the understanding of complex systems and experimentation with what-if scenarios in order to estimate their performance metrics. The book contains chapters on the simulation modeling methodology and the underpinnings of discrete-event systems, as well as the relevant underlying probability, statistics, stochastic processes, input analysis, model validation and output analysis. All simulation-related concepts are illustrated in numerous Arena examples, encompassing production lines, manufacturing and inventory systems, transportation systems, and computer information systems in networked settings. - Introduces the concept of discrete event Monte Carlo simulation, the most commonly used methodology for modeling and analysis of complex systems - Covers essential workings of the popular animated simulation language, ARENA, including set-up, design parameters, input data, and output analysis, along with a wide variety of sample model applications from production lines to transportation systems - Reviews elements of statistics, probability, and stochastic processes relevant to simulation modeling

Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions

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Publisher : Wiley
ISBN 13 : 9780470699515
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by : Julian P. T. Higgins

Download or read book Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions written by Julian P. T. Higgins and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2008-11-24 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.

Discrete-Event Simulation

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475735529
Total Pages : 554 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Discrete-Event Simulation by : George S. Fishman

Download or read book Discrete-Event Simulation written by George S. Fishman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is an excellent and well-written text on discrete event simulation with a focus on applications in Operations Research. There is substantial attention to programming, output analysis, pseudo-random number generation and modelling and these sections are quite thorough. Methods are provided for generating pseudo-random numbers (including combining such streams) and for generating random numbers from most standard statistical distributions." --ISI Short Book Reviews, 22:2, August 2002

Modeling and Simulation in the Systems Engineering Life Cycle

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 144715634X
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling and Simulation in the Systems Engineering Life Cycle by : Margaret L. Loper

Download or read book Modeling and Simulation in the Systems Engineering Life Cycle written by Margaret L. Loper and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This easy to read text provides a broad introduction to the fundamental concepts of modeling and simulation (M&S) and systems engineering, highlighting how M&S is used across the entire systems engineering lifecycle. Features: reviews the full breadth of technologies, methodologies and uses of M&S, rather than just focusing on a specific aspect of the field; presents contributions from specialists in each topic covered; introduces the foundational elements and processes that serve as the groundwork for understanding M&S; explores common methods and methodologies used in M&S; discusses how best to design and execute experiments, covering the use of Monte Carlo techniques, surrogate modeling and distributed simulation; explores the use of M&S throughout the systems development lifecycle, describing a number of methods, techniques, and tools available to support systems engineering processes; provides a selection of case studies illustrating the use of M&S in systems engineering across a variety of domains.

Cost Effectiveness in Health and Medicine

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190492937
Total Pages : 537 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Cost Effectiveness in Health and Medicine by : Peter J. Neumann

Download or read book Cost Effectiveness in Health and Medicine written by Peter J. Neumann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CEAs (cost-effectiveness analyses) are used by decision makers in the health sector to make enlightened evaluations and this book provides an in depth look at how to evaluate the evaluator. The book is aimed specifically at Public health specialists.

Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199716862
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis by : Jacqueline Corcoran

Download or read book Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis written by Jacqueline Corcoran and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-13 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When used in tandem, systematic reviews and meta-analysis-- two distinct but highly compatible approaches to research synthesis-- form a powerful, scientific approach to analyzing previous studies. But to see their full potential, a social work researcher must be versed in the foundational processes underlying them. This pocket guide to Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis illuminates precisely that practical groundwork. In clear, step-by-step terms, the authors explain how to format topics, locate and screen studies, extract and assess data, pool effect sizes, determine bias, and interpret the results, showing readers how to combine reviewing and meta-analysis correctly and effectively. Each chapter contains vivid social work examples and concludes with a concise summary and notes on further reading, while the book's glossary and handy checklists and sample search and data extraction forms maximize the boo'ks usefulness. Highlighting the concepts necessary to understand, critique, and conduct research synthesis, this brief and highly readable introduction is a terrific resource for students and researchers alike.

Research Anthology on Decision Support Systems and Decision Management in Healthcare, Business, and Engineering

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Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799890244
Total Pages : 1538 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Anthology on Decision Support Systems and Decision Management in Healthcare, Business, and Engineering by : Management Association, Information Resources

Download or read book Research Anthology on Decision Support Systems and Decision Management in Healthcare, Business, and Engineering written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-05-28 with total page 1538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision support systems (DSS) are widely touted for their effectiveness in aiding decision making, particularly across a wide and diverse range of industries including healthcare, business, and engineering applications. The concepts, principles, and theories of enhanced decision making are essential points of research as well as the exact methods, tools, and technologies being implemented in these industries. From both a standpoint of DSS interfaces, namely the design and development of these technologies, along with the implementations, including experiences and utilization of these tools, one can get a better sense of how exactly DSS has changed the face of decision making and management in multi-industry applications. Furthermore, the evaluation of the impact of these technologies is essential in moving forward in the future. The Research Anthology on Decision Support Systems and Decision Management in Healthcare, Business, and Engineering explores how decision support systems have been developed and implemented across diverse industries through perspectives on the technology, the utilizations of these tools, and from a decision management standpoint. The chapters will cover not only the interfaces, implementations, and functionality of these tools, but also the overall impacts they have had on the specific industries mentioned. This book also evaluates the effectiveness along with benefits and challenges of using DSS as well as the outlook for the future. This book is ideal for decision makers, IT consultants and specialists, software developers, design professionals, academicians, policymakers, researchers, professionals, and students interested in how DSS is being used in different industries.

Evidence Synthesis for Decision Making in Healthcare

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111830540X
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Evidence Synthesis for Decision Making in Healthcare by : Nicky J. Welton

Download or read book Evidence Synthesis for Decision Making in Healthcare written by Nicky J. Welton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the evaluation of healthcare, rigorous methods of quantitative assessment are necessary to establish interventions that are both effective and cost-effective. Usually a single study will not fully address these issues and it is desirable to synthesize evidence from multiple sources. This book aims to provide a practical guide to evidence synthesis for the purpose of decision making, starting with a simple single parameter model, where all studies estimate the same quantity (pairwise meta-analysis) and progressing to more complex multi-parameter structures (including meta-regression, mixed treatment comparisons, Markov models of disease progression, and epidemiology models). A comprehensive, coherent framework is adopted and estimated using Bayesian methods. Key features: A coherent approach to evidence synthesis from multiple sources. Focus is given to Bayesian methods for evidence synthesis that can be integrated within cost-effectiveness analyses in a probabilistic framework using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. Provides methods to statistically combine evidence from a range of evidence structures. Emphasizes the importance of model critique and checking for evidence consistency. Presents numerous worked examples, exercises and solutions drawn from a variety of medical disciplines throughout the book. WinBUGS code is provided for all examples. Evidence Synthesis for Decision Making in Healthcare is intended for health economists, decision modelers, statisticians and others involved in evidence synthesis, health technology assessment, and economic evaluation of health technologies.

How to Perform a Systematic Literature Review

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030496724
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis How to Perform a Systematic Literature Review by : Edward Purssell

Download or read book How to Perform a Systematic Literature Review written by Edward Purssell and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The systematic review is a rigorous method of collating and synthesizing evidence from multiple studies, producing a whole greater than the sum of parts. This textbook is an authoritative and accessible guide to an activity that is often found overwhelming. The authors steer readers on a logical, sequential path through the process, taking account of the different needs of researchers, students and practitioners. Practical guidance is provided on the fundamentals of systematic reviewing and also on advanced techniques such as meta-analysis. Examples are given in each chapter, with a succinct glossary to support the text. This up-to-date, accessible textbook will satisfy the needs of students, practitioners and educators in the sphere of healthcare, and contribute to improving the quality of evidence-based practice. The authors will advise some freely available or inexpensive open source/access resources (such as PubMed, R and Zotero) to help students how to perform a systemic review, in particular those with limited resources.

Process Modelling and Simulation

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Author :
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039214551
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Process Modelling and Simulation by : César de Prada

Download or read book Process Modelling and Simulation written by César de Prada and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-09-23 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since process models are nowadays ubiquitous in many applications, the challenges and alternatives related to their development, validation, and efficient use have become more apparent. In addition, the massive amounts of both offline and online data available today open the door for new applications and solutions. However, transforming data into useful models and information in the context of the process industry or of bio-systems requires specific approaches and considerations such as new modelling methodologies incorporating the complex, stochastic, hybrid and distributed nature of many processes in particular. The same can be said about the tools and software environments used to describe, code, and solve such models for their further exploitation. Going well beyond mere simulation tools, these advanced tools offer a software suite built around the models, facilitating tasks such as experiment design, parameter estimation, model initialization, validation, analysis, size reduction, discretization, optimization, distributed computation, co-simulation, etc. This Special Issue collects novel developments in these topics in order to address the challenges brought by the use of models in their different facets, and to reflect state of the art developments in methods, tools and industrial applications.

Systemic Decision Making

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319546724
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Systemic Decision Making by : Patrick T. Hester

Download or read book Systemic Decision Making written by Patrick T. Hester and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-22 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This expanded second edition of the 2014 textbook features dedicated sections on action and observation, so that the reader can combine the use of the developed theoretical basis with practical guidelines for deployment. It also includes a focus on selection and use of a dedicated modeling paradigm – fuzzy cognitive mapping – to facilitate use of the proposed multi-methodology. The end goal of the text is a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to structuring and assessing complex problems, including a dedicated discussion of thinking, acting, and observing complex problems. The multi-methodology developed is scientifically grounded in systems theory and its accompanying principles, while the process emphasizes the nonlinear nature of all complex problem-solving endeavors. The authors’ clear and consistent chapter structure facilitates the book’s use in the classroom.

Monte Carlo Simulation for the Pharmaceutical Industry

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439835934
Total Pages : 566 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Simulation for the Pharmaceutical Industry by : Mark Chang

Download or read book Monte Carlo Simulation for the Pharmaceutical Industry written by Mark Chang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-09-29 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Helping you become a creative, logical thinker and skillful "simulator," Monte Carlo Simulation for the Pharmaceutical Industry: Concepts, Algorithms, and Case Studies provides broad coverage of the entire drug development process, from drug discovery to preclinical and clinical trial aspects to commercialization. It presents the theories and metho

Community Based System Dynamics

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461487633
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Community Based System Dynamics by : Peter S. Hovmand

Download or read book Community Based System Dynamics written by Peter S. Hovmand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community Based System Dynamics introduces researchers and practitioners to the design and application of participatory systems modeling with diverse communities. The book bridges community- based participatory research methods and rigorous computational modeling approaches to understanding communities as complex systems. It emphasizes the importance of community involvement both to understand the underlying system and to aid in implementation. Comprehensive in its scope, the volume includes topics that span the entire process of participatory systems modeling, from the initial engagement and conceptualization of community issues to model building, analysis, and project evaluation. Community Based System Dynamics is a highly valuable resource for anyone interested in helping to advance social justice using system dynamics, community involvement, and group model building, and helping to make communities a better place.

A Practical Guide to Ecological Modelling

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402086245
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis A Practical Guide to Ecological Modelling by : Karline Soetaert

Download or read book A Practical Guide to Ecological Modelling written by Karline Soetaert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-14 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical modelling is an essential tool in present-day ecological research. Yet for many ecologists it is still problematic to apply modelling in their research. In our experience, the major problem is at the conceptual level: proper understanding of what a model is, how ecological relations can be translated consistently into mathematical equations, how models are solved, steady states calculated and interpreted. Many textbooks jump over these conceptual hurdles to dive into detailed formulations or the mathematics of solution. This book attempts to fill that gap. It introduces essential concepts for mathematical modelling, explains the mathematics behind the methods, and helps readers to implement models and obtain hands-on experience. Throughout the book, emphasis is laid on how to translate ecological questions into interpretable models in a practical way. The book aims to be an introductory textbook at the undergraduate-graduate level, but will also be useful to seduce experienced ecologists into the world of modelling. The range of ecological models treated is wide, from Lotka-Volterra type of principle-seeking models to environmental or ecosystem models, and including matrix models, lattice models and sequential decision models. All chapters contain a concise introduction into the theory, worked-out examples and exercises. All examples are implemented in the open-source package R, thus taking away problems of software availability for use of the book. All code used in the book is available on a dedicated website.