Cytokines As Players Of Neuronal Plasticity And Sensitivity To Environment In Healthy And Pathological Brain

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Cytokines as Players of Neuronal Plasticity and Sensitivity to Environment in Healthy and Pathological Brain

Author : Silvia Alboni
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889197689
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Cytokines as Players of Neuronal Plasticity and Sensitivity to Environment in Healthy and Pathological Brain by : Silvia Alboni

Download or read book Cytokines as Players of Neuronal Plasticity and Sensitivity to Environment in Healthy and Pathological Brain written by Silvia Alboni and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-03-18 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now accepted that immune molecules are not only present within the brain during pathology but they exert physiological functions in the “healthy” brain as well. Increasing evidence points to a neuro-modulatory role of cytokines and chemokines (CHEMOtactic cytoKINES) in basal transmission and plasticity processes where signaling between peri-synaptic astrocytes, microglia and neurons plays an important role. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms as to how cytokines, and in particular chemokines, participate in the molecular and cellular processes thought to subserve memory formation, plasticity processes and responsiveness to environmental stimuli remain to be clarified. Interestingly, in in vitro preparations, molecules like TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, CX3CL1, CXCL12, CCL2 and CCL3 are implicated in synaptic formation and scaling, in modulation of glutamatergic transmission, in plasticity and neurogenesis, in particular in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is an extremely plastic structure, one of the main neurogenic niches in the adult brain, that exhibits a marked sensibility to environmental stimuli. Indeed exposure of mice to environmental enrichment (EE) modifies learning and memory abilities increasing neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity whether exposure to severe stressful experiences diminishes neurotrophic support, impairs neurogenesis, plasticity and cognition. In the hippocampus cytokines play a key role in mediating both positive as well as negative effects of the environment affecting neuronal plasticity also in stress related pathologies, such as depression. It has been reported that mice lacking type 1 receptor for IL-1 display impaired hippocampal memory and LTP that are restored by EE; moreover negative effects on neuronal plasticity (and thus behavior) induced by stress exposure can be prevented by blocking IL-1 activity. In addition, mice lacking IL-6 have improved cognitive functions whereas the absence of microglia-driven CX3CR1 signaling increases hippocampal plasticity and spatial memory occluding the potentiating effects of EE. However, the factors mediating the effect of environmental stimuli on behavior and plasticity has been only partially identified. Interestingly, it has been suggested that chemokines can play a key role in the flexibility of hippocampal structure and may modulate neuronal signaling during behavior. The question is how cytokines may translate environmental stimuli in plasticity and behavioral changes. This research topic is proposed to explore the role of cytokines, and more in particular chemokines, in the modulation of neuronal activity as a fundamental step for the correct brain wiring, function and susceptibility to environment. We encourage the submission of original research reports, review articles, commentaries, perspectives or short communications, in the following (but not limited to) topics: - Role of cytokines and chemokines in neuronal plasticity - Immune molecules and responsiveness to environment - Role of chemokine in the flexibility of hippocampal structure

Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Ageing: Part II Clinical Science

Author : J. Robin Harris
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811336814
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Ageing: Part II Clinical Science by : J. Robin Harris

Download or read book Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Ageing: Part II Clinical Science written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-19 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the subcellular Biochemistry series will attempt to bridge the gap between the subcellular events that are related to aging as they were described in the first volume of this set of two books and the reality of aging as this is seen in clinical practice. All chapters will start from the biochemistry or cell biology, where the data is available and work up towards the understanding that we have of aging in the various areas that are related to the subject. Key focus points for this volume are nutrition, external factors and genetics on aging. There will also be chapters that will focus on various organs or tissues in which aging has been well studied, like the eyes, the muscles, the immune system and the bones. The aim of the book project and the book project that is published in concert with this volume is to bring the subcellular and clinical areas into closer contact.

The Role of Neural Plasticity in Chemical Intolerance

Author : Barbara A. Sorg
Publisher : New York University Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Neural Plasticity in Chemical Intolerance by : Barbara A. Sorg

Download or read book The Role of Neural Plasticity in Chemical Intolerance written by Barbara A. Sorg and published by New York University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical intolerance (CI) including multiple chemical sensitivity is an intriguing problem in environmental health. This volume focuses on neurobiological changes that appear to occur in individuals with CI and seeks to identify mechanisms applicable to the most common symptoms in CI involving the nervous system and to provide up-to-date information in CI in humans. Proceedings of a New York Academy of Sciences June 2000 conference.

Cognitive Plasticity in Neurologic Disorders

Author : Joseph I. Tracy
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199965242
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Plasticity in Neurologic Disorders by : Joseph I. Tracy

Download or read book Cognitive Plasticity in Neurologic Disorders written by Joseph I. Tracy and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume makes clear that the cognitive and behavioural symptoms of neurologic disorders and syndromes are dynamic and changing. Each chapter describes the neuroplastic processes at work in a particular condition, giving rise to these ongoing cognitive changes.

Imaging and monitoring astrocytes in health and disease

Author : Carole Escartin
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889193934
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Imaging and monitoring astrocytes in health and disease by : Carole Escartin

Download or read book Imaging and monitoring astrocytes in health and disease written by Carole Escartin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2014-11-25 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrocytes are key cellular partners to neurons in the brain. They play an important role in multiple processes such as neurotransmitter recycling, trophic support, antioxidant defense, ionic homeostasis, inflammatory modulation, neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling, neurogenesis, synapse formation and synaptic plasticity. In addition to their crucial involvement in normal brain physiology, it is well known that astrocytes adopt a reactive phenotype under most acute and chronic pathological conditions such as ischemia, trauma, brain cancer, epilepsy, demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the functional impact of astrocyte reactivity is still unclear. During the last decades, the development of innovative approaches to study astrocytes has significantly improved our understanding of their prominent role in brain function and their contribution to disease states. In particular, new genetic tools, molecular probes, and imaging techniques that achieve high spatial and temporal resolution have revealed new insight into astrocyte functions in situ. This Research Topic provides a collection of cutting-edge techniques, approaches and models to study astrocytes in health and disease. It also suggests new directions to achieve discoveries on these fascinating cells.

Neuroscience in the 21st Century

Author : Donald W. Pfaff
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781493934737
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroscience in the 21st Century by : Donald W. Pfaff

Download or read book Neuroscience in the 21st Century written by Donald W. Pfaff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited and authored by a wealth of international experts in neuroscience and related disciplines, this key new resource aims to offer medical students and graduate researchers around the world a comprehensive introduction and overview of modern neuroscience. Neuroscience research is certain to prove a vital element in combating mental illness in its various incarnations, a strategic battleground in the future of medicine, as the prevalence of mental disorders is becoming better understood each year. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by mental, behavioral, neurological and substance use disorders. The World Health Organization estimated in 2002 that 154 million people globally suffer from depression and 25 million people from schizophrenia; 91 million people are affected by alcohol use disorders and 15 million by drug use disorders. A more recent WHO report shows that 50 million people suffer from epilepsy and 24 million from Alzheimer’s and other dementias. Because neuroscience takes the etiology of disease—the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors—as its object of inquiry, it is increasingly valuable in understanding an array of medical conditions. A recent report by the United States’ Surgeon General cites several such diseases: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, early-onset depression, autism, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, and panic disorder, among many others. Not only is this volume a boon to those wishing to understand the future of neuroscience, it also aims to encourage the initiation of neuroscience programs in developing countries, featuring as it does an appendix full of advice on how to develop such programs. With broad coverage of both basic science and clinical issues, comprising around 150 chapters from a diversity of international authors and including complementary video components, Neuroscience in the 21st Century in its second edition serves as a comprehensive resource to students and researchers alike.

Cytokines and the CNS

Author : Richard M. Ransohoff
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420039849
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Cytokines and the CNS by : Richard M. Ransohoff

Download or read book Cytokines and the CNS written by Richard M. Ransohoff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-10-31 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides Insight into How Cytokine Action Impacts the Physiology and Pathology of the CNS. As with the first edition of Cytokines and the CNS, this completely updated and revised edition introduces neurobiologists to cytokine biology and immunologists to the unique functions of cytokines in CNS physiology. The dramatically accelera

Brain Plasticity and Behavior

Author : Bryan Kolb
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780805815207
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (152 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Plasticity and Behavior by : Bryan Kolb

Download or read book Brain Plasticity and Behavior written by Bryan Kolb and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1995. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation

Author : Michael E. Selzer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107011671
Total Pages : 693 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation by : Michael E. Selzer

Download or read book Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation written by Michael E. Selzer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In two freestanding volumes, the Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation provides comprehensive coverage of the science and practice of neurological rehabilitation. Revised throughout, bringing the book fully up to date, this volume, Neural Repair and Plasticity, covers the basic sciences relevant to recovery of function following injury to the nervous system, reviewing anatomical and physiological plasticity in the normal central nervous system, mechanisms of neuronal death, axonal regeneration, stem cell biology, and research strategies targeted at axon regeneration and neuron replacement. New chapters have been added covering pathophysiology and plasticity in cerebral palsy, stem cell therapies for brain disorders and neurotrophin repair of spinal cord damage, along with numerous others. Edited and written by leading international authorities, it is an essential resource for neuroscientists and provides a foundation for the work of clinical rehabilitation professionals.

Cerebral endothelial and glial cells are more than bricks in the Great Wall of the brain: insights into the way the blood-brain barrier actually works (Celebrating the centenary of Goldman’s experiments)

Download Cerebral endothelial and glial cells are more than bricks in the Great Wall of the brain: insights into the way the blood-brain barrier actually works (Celebrating the centenary of Goldman’s experiments) PDF Online Free

Author : Elena García-Martín
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889195724
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Cerebral endothelial and glial cells are more than bricks in the Great Wall of the brain: insights into the way the blood-brain barrier actually works (Celebrating the centenary of Goldman’s experiments) by : Elena García-Martín

Download or read book Cerebral endothelial and glial cells are more than bricks in the Great Wall of the brain: insights into the way the blood-brain barrier actually works (Celebrating the centenary of Goldman’s experiments) written by Elena García-Martín and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-02 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Ehrlich discovered the first evidence of the blood-brain barrier in 1885, he probably did not perceive the Great Wall that remained hidden from consciousness inside the central nervous system. Ehrlich had observed that acidic vital dyes did not stain the brain if they were injected into the blood stream. A century ago (1913), Goldman showed that the injection of trypan blue in the cerebrospinal fluid stained only the brain, but not the other organs. For almost a century it was thought that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) consisted in a physical barrier, resulting from the restricted permeability of the cerebral endothelial cell layer, as they are joined by tight junctions. However, as scientists are always looking for news in what is already discovered, in the end of the 20th century we had evidences that cerebral endothelial and glial cells express several drug metabolizing enzymes consisting in a second protection system: a metabolic barrier. Furthermore, the drugs and their metabolites must overcome the activity of several multidrug resistance proteins that function as ATP-dependent efflux pumps, consisting in the third line of defence: the active barrier. Therefore, the way the BBB actually works should be better explained. Several endogenous compounds, as well as xenobiotics, may be activated by enzymes of the metabolic barrier, generating reactive oxygen species that could damage neurons. Therefore, endothelial and glial cells possess endogenous protecting compounds and enzymes against oxidants, consisting in an antioxidant barrier. When all these systems fail, glial cells, mainly microglia, secrete cytokines in an attempt to crosstalk with defence cells asking for help, which consists in an immune barrier. In cerebral regions that are devoid of the physical barrier, such as circumventricular organs, the metabolic, active, antioxidant and immune barriers are reinforced. It is important to understand how cells involved in the BBB interact with one another and the dynamic mechanisms of their functions. This Research Topic published in this e-Book considers recent highlights in BBB structure, cell and molecular biology, biotransformation, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, immunology and how these basic knowledges can be applied in drug discovery and clinical researches, rewriting what is already written, and paving the way that goes to the Great Wall in the Frontiers of the Brain in this new century that is just beginning.

Glial Plasticity in Depression

Author : João F. Oliveira
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889199991
Total Pages : 101 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Glial Plasticity in Depression by : João F. Oliveira

Download or read book Glial Plasticity in Depression written by João F. Oliveira and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-10-24 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major depression is a highly prevalent disorder that poses a significant social burden in society nowadays. The pathophysiology of this disease is still poorly understood but growing evidence suggests that impaired neuron and glial plasticity may be a key underlying mechanism for the precipitation of the disorder. One of the most surprising findings in this field was the involvement of glial cells in the pathophysiology of major depression and in the action of antidepressants, namely in mechanisms related with adult neurogenesis imbalances or dendritic arborization impairments. In particular, several works refer to alterations in the morphology and numbers of astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes in the context of depression in human patients or animal models of depression. These observations were linked to functional evidences and suggested to underlie the pathophysiology of depression. Among others, these include impairments in the cross-talk between glia and neurons, changes in the level of neurotransmitter or immunoactive substances, myelination status, synapse formation, maintenance, or elimination. In addition to the implication of glia in the pathophysiology of depression, a number of studies is ascribing glia pathways to classically accepted antidepressant mechanisms. Therefore, it is noteworthy to elucidate the role of glia in the effect provided by antidepressant treatment in order to better understand secondary effects and elucidate alternative targets for treatment.

Neurogenesis and Neural Plasticity

Author : Catherine Belzung
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364236232X
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Neurogenesis and Neural Plasticity by : Catherine Belzung

Download or read book Neurogenesis and Neural Plasticity written by Catherine Belzung and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together authors working on a wide range of topics to provide an up to date account of the underlying mechanisms and functions of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the adult brain. With an increasing understanding of the role of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis it is possible to envisage improvements or novel treatments for a number of diseases and the possibility of harnessing these phenomena to reduce the impact of ageing and to provide mechanisms to repair the brain.

Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 (Cdk5)

Author : Nancy Y. Ip
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387788875
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 (Cdk5) by : Nancy Y. Ip

Download or read book Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 (Cdk5) written by Nancy Y. Ip and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-28 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date collection of reviews on the discovery, signaling mechanisms and functions of Cdk5, as well as the potential implication of Cdk5 in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Since the identification of this unique member of the Cdk family, Cdk5 has emerged as one of the most important signal transduction mediators in the development, maintenance and fine-tuning of neuronal functions and networking. Further studies have revealed that Cdk5 is also associated with the regulation of neuronal survival during both developmental stages and in neurodegenerative diseases. These observations indicate that precise control of Cdk5 is essential for the regulation of neuronal survival. The pivotal role Cdk5 appears to play in both the regulation of neuronal survival and synaptic functions thus raises the interesting possibility that Cdk5 inhibitors may serve as therapeutic treatment for a number of neurodegenerative diseases.

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotrophin Function in the Nervous System

Author : Pedro Bekinschtein
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889637875
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotrophin Function in the Nervous System by : Pedro Bekinschtein

Download or read book Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotrophin Function in the Nervous System written by Pedro Bekinschtein and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation

Author : Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535134515
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation by : Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu

Download or read book Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation written by Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation" book explains how the neuronal cells become swollen at the moment of the blood-brain barrier disruption and how they lose their immunological isolation. A cascade of cytokines and immune cells from the bloodstream enters the nervous system, inflaming neurons and activating the glia. This produces a neuroinflammatory process that can generate different neurodegenerative diseases. Better understanding of mechanisms that are activated at the time when the damage to the brain occurs could lead to the development of suitable therapies that revert the neuronal inflammation and thus prevent further damage to the nervous system.

Mitochondrial Diseases

Author : Eylem Taskin
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789236746
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

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Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Diseases by : Eylem Taskin

Download or read book Mitochondrial Diseases written by Eylem Taskin and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-08-29 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria are crucial organelles for any cell type. Mitochondria take responsibility for not only energy production but also regulation of cell death, also called apoptosis; calcium storage; and heat production. Therefore, mitochondrial disease is implicated in the mode of action of many harmful factors for cells such as drugs and environmental contaminants, dysfunction of the oxygen transport system, malnutrition, intense exercise, and genetic variations. This book presents up-to-date knowledge about mitochondrial disease and its complex relation to some diseases such as cardiac failure, cancer, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. This book will, therefore, be essential for readers who are interested in life sciences, especially in medicine.

Enteric Glia

Author : Brian D. Gulbransen
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615046615
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Enteric Glia by : Brian D. Gulbransen

Download or read book Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography