Cult of the Dead Cow

Download Cult of the Dead Cow PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 1541762371
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (417 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cult of the Dead Cow by : Joseph Menn

Download or read book Cult of the Dead Cow written by Joseph Menn and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The shocking untold story of the elite secret society of hackers fighting to protect our freedom – “a hugely important piece of the puzzle for anyone who wants to understand the forces shaping the internet age." (New York Times Book Review) Cult of the Dead Cow is the tale of the oldest active, most respected, and most famous American hacking group of all time. With its origins in the earliest days of the internet, the cDc is full of oddball characters – activists, artists, and musicians – some of whom went on to advise presidents, cabinet members, and CEOs, and who now walk the corridors of power in Washington and Silicon Valley. Today, the group and its followers are battling electoral misinformation, making personal data safer, and organizing to keep technology a force for good instead of for surveillance and oppression. Cult of the Dead Cow describes how, at a time when governments, corporations, and criminals hold immense power, a small band of tech iconoclasts is on our side fighting back.

The Book of Cao: Enlightenment through a Poke in the Eye

Download The Book of Cao: Enlightenment through a Poke in the Eye PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 0974653713
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (746 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Book of Cao: Enlightenment through a Poke in the Eye by :

Download or read book The Book of Cao: Enlightenment through a Poke in the Eye written by and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Breaking and Entering

Download Breaking and Entering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Mariner Books
ISBN 13 : 0544903218
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (449 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Breaking and Entering by : Jeremy N. Smith

Download or read book Breaking and Entering written by Jeremy N. Smith and published by Mariner Books. This book was released on 2019 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This taut, true thriller dives into a dark world that touches us all, as seen through the brilliant, breakneck career of an extraordinary hacker--a woman known only as Alien. When she arrived at MIT in the 1990s, Alien was quickly drawn to the school's tradition of high-risk physical trespassing: the original "hacking." Within a year, one of her hallmates was dead and two others were arraigned. Alien's adventures were only just beginning. After a stint at the storied, secretive Los Alamos National Laboratory, Alien was recruited by a top cybersecurity firm where she deployed her cache of virtual weapons--and the trespassing and social engineering talents she had developed while "hacking" at MIT. The company tested its clients' security by every means possible--not just coding, but donning disguises and sneaking past guards and secretaries into the C-suite. Alien now runs a boutique hacking outfit that caters to some of the world's biggest and most vulnerable institutions--banks, retailers, government agencies. Her work combines devilish charm, old-school deception, and next generation spycraft. In Breaking and Entering, cybersecurity finally gets the rich, character-driven, fast-paced treatment it deserves.

The Reality Game

Download The Reality Game PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 1541768248
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (417 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Reality Game by : Samuel Woolley

Download or read book The Reality Game written by Samuel Woolley and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fake news posts and Twitter trolls were just the beginning. What will happen when misinformation moves from our social media feeds into our everyday lives? Online disinformation stormed our political process in 2016 and has only worsened since. Yet as Samuel Woolley shows in this urgent book, it may pale in comparison to what's to come: humanlike automated voice systems, machine learning, "deepfake" AI-edited videos and images, interactive memes, virtual reality, and more. These technologies have the power not just to manipulate our politics, but to make us doubt our eyes and ears and even feelings. Deeply researched and compellingly written, The Reality Game describes the profound impact these technologies will have on our lives. Each new invention built without regard for its consequences edges us further into this digital dystopia. Yet Woolley does not despair. Instead, he argues pointedly for a new culture of innovation, one built around accountability and especially transparency. With social media dragging us into a never-ending culture war, we must learn to stop fighting and instead prevent future manipulation. This book shows how we can use our new tools not to control people but to empower them.

All the Rave

Download All the Rave PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Crown Business
ISBN 13 : 1400050065
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis All the Rave by : Joseph Menn

Download or read book All the Rave written by Joseph Menn and published by Crown Business. This book was released on 2003-04-08 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At age seventeen, Shawn Fanning designed a computer program that transformed the Internet into an unlimited library of free music. Tens of millions of young people quickly signed on, Time magazine put Fanning on its cover, and his company, Napster, became a household name. It did not take long for the music industry to declare war, one that has now engulfed the biggest entertainment and technology companies on the planet. For All the Rave, top cyberculture journalist Joseph Menn gained unprecedented access to Fanning, other key Napster and music executives, reams of internal e-mails, unpublished court records, and other resources. The result is the definitive account of the Napster saga, for the first time revealing secret take-over and settlement talks, the unseen role of Shawn’s uncle in controlling Napster, and hidden agendas and infighting from Napster’s trenches to the top ranks of the German media giant Bertelsmann. All the Rave is a riveting account of genius and greed, visionary leaps and disastrous business decisions, and the clash of the hacker and investor cultures with that of the copyright establishment. Napster left a generation of music fans feeling that paying the recording industry close to twenty dollars for a CD was a foolish and unnecessary extravagance, which provoked a still-growing backlash against digital media consumers that might leave them with less control than ever. Here is the inside story of the young visionary and the company that made it happen. From the Hardcover edition.

Going Bovine

Download Going Bovine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Delacorte Books for Young Readers
ISBN 13 : 0385733976
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (857 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Going Bovine by : Libba Bray

Download or read book Going Bovine written by Libba Bray and published by Delacorte Books for Young Readers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cameron Smith, a disaffected sixteen year-old who, after being diagnosed with Creutzfeld Jakob's (aka mad cow) disease, sets off on a road trip with a death-obsessed video gaming dwarf he meets in the hospital in an attempt to find a cure.

The Cult of Smart

Download The Cult of Smart PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : All Points Books
ISBN 13 : 1250200385
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Cult of Smart by : Fredrik deBoer

Download or read book The Cult of Smart written by Fredrik deBoer and published by All Points Books. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Named one of Vulture’s Top 10 Best Books of 2020! Leftist firebrand Fredrik deBoer exposes the lie at the heart of our educational system and demands top-to-bottom reform. Everyone agrees that education is the key to creating a more just and equal world, and that our schools are broken and failing. Proposed reforms variously target incompetent teachers, corrupt union practices, or outdated curricula, but no one acknowledges a scientifically-proven fact that we all understand intuitively: Academic potential varies between individuals, and cannot be dramatically improved. In The Cult of Smart, educator and outspoken leftist Fredrik deBoer exposes this omission as the central flaw of our entire society, which has created and perpetuated an unjust class structure based on intellectual ability. Since cognitive talent varies from person to person, our education system can never create equal opportunity for all. Instead, it teaches our children that hierarchy and competition are natural, and that human value should be based on intelligence. These ideas are counter to everything that the left believes, but until they acknowledge the existence of individual cognitive differences, progressives remain complicit in keeping the status quo in place. This passionate, voice-driven manifesto demands that we embrace a new goal for education: equality of outcomes. We must create a world that has a place for everyone, not just the academically talented. But we’ll never achieve this dream until the Cult of Smart is destroyed.

Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things?

Download Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691159130
Total Pages : 806 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things? by : Robert Bartlett

Download or read book Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things? written by Robert Bartlett and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-10 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sweeping, authoritative, and entertaining history of the Christian cult of the saints from its origin to the Reformation From its earliest centuries, one of the most notable features of Christianity has been the veneration of the saints—the holy dead. This ambitious history tells the fascinating story of the cult of the saints from its origins in the second-century days of the Christian martyrs to the Protestant Reformation. Robert Bartlett examines all of the most important aspects of the saints—including miracles, relics, pilgrimages, shrines, and the saints' role in the calendar, literature, and art. The book explores the central role played by the bodies and body parts of saints, and the special treatment these relics received. From the routes, dangers, and rewards of pilgrimage, to the saints' impact on everyday life, Bartlett's account is an unmatched examination of an important and intriguing part of the religious life of the past—as well as the present.

Firewalls Don't Stop Dragons

Download Firewalls Don't Stop Dragons PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Apress
ISBN 13 : 1484238524
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (842 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Firewalls Don't Stop Dragons by : Carey Parker

Download or read book Firewalls Don't Stop Dragons written by Carey Parker and published by Apress. This book was released on 2018-08-24 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rely on this practical, end-to-end guide on cyber safety and online security written expressly for a non-technical audience. You will have just what you need to protect yourself—step by step, without judgment, and with as little jargon as possible. Just how secure is your computer right now? You probably don't really know. Computers and the Internet have revolutionized the modern world, but if you're like most people, you have no clue how these things work and don't know the real threats. Protecting your computer is like defending a medieval castle. While moats, walls, drawbridges, and castle guards can be effective, you'd go broke trying to build something dragon-proof. This book is not about protecting yourself from a targeted attack by the NSA; it's about armoring yourself against common hackers and mass surveillance. There are dozens of no-brainer things we all should be doing to protect our computers and safeguard our data—just like wearing a seat belt, installing smoke alarms, and putting on sunscreen. Author Carey Parker has structured this book to give you maximum benefit with minimum effort. If you just want to know what to do, every chapter has a complete checklist with step-by-step instructions and pictures. The book contains more than 150 tips to make you and your family safer. It includes: Added steps for Windows 10 (Spring 2018) and Mac OS X High Sierra Expanded coverage on mobile device safety Expanded coverage on safety for kids online More than 150 tips with complete step-by-step instructions and pictures What You’ll Learn Solve your password problems once and for all Browse the web safely and with confidence Block online tracking and dangerous ads Choose the right antivirus software for you Send files and messages securely Set up secure home networking Conduct secure shopping and banking online Lock down social media accounts Create automated backups of all your devices Manage your home computers Use your smartphone and tablet safely Safeguard your kids online And more! Who This Book Is For Those who use computers and mobile devices, but don’t really know (or frankly care) how they work. This book is for people who just want to know what they need to do to protect themselves—step by step, without judgment, and with as little jargon as possible.

The Fifth Domain

Download The Fifth Domain PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0525561986
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (255 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Fifth Domain by : Richard A. Clarke

Download or read book The Fifth Domain written by Richard A. Clarke and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An urgent warning from two bestselling security experts--and a gripping inside look at how governments, firms, and ordinary citizens can confront and contain the tyrants, hackers, and criminals bent on turning the digital realm into a war zone. "In the battle raging between offense and defense in cyberspace, Clarke and Knake have some important ideas about how we can avoid cyberwar for our country, prevent cybercrime against our companies, and in doing so, reduce resentment, division, and instability at home and abroad."--Bill Clinton There is much to fear in the dark corners of cyberspace: we have entered an age in which online threats carry real-world consequences. But we do not have to let autocrats and criminals run amok in the digital realm. We now know a great deal about how to make cyberspace far less dangerous--and about how to defend our security, economy, democracy, and privacy from cyber attack. Our guides to the fifth domain -- the Pentagon's term for cyberspace -- are two of America's top cybersecurity experts, seasoned practitioners who are as familiar with the White House Situation Room as they are with Fortune 500 boardrooms. Richard A. Clarke and Robert K. Knake offer a vivid, engrossing tour of the often unfamiliar terrain of cyberspace, introducing us to the scientists, executives, and public servants who have learned through hard experience how government agencies and private firms can fend off cyber threats. With a focus on solutions over scaremongering, and backed by decades of high-level experience in the White House and the private sector, The Fifth Domain delivers a riveting, agenda-setting insider look at what works in the struggle to avoid cyberwar.

Cows

Download Cows PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780987453662
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (536 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cows by : Matthew Stokoe

Download or read book Cows written by Matthew Stokoe and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-31 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty-five-year-old Steven faces a bleak life with a sadistic mother and a job at a slaughterhouse where he is confronted with extreme violence and death.

Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches

Download Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307801225
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches by : Marvin Harris

Download or read book Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches written by Marvin Harris and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2011-07-13 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of America's leading anthropolgists offers solutions to the perplexing question of why people behave the way they do. Why do Hindus worship cows? Why do Jews and Moslems refuse to eat pork? Why did so many people in post-medieval Europe believe in witches? Marvin Harris answers these and other perplexing questions about human behavior, showing that no matter how bizarre a people's behavior may seem, it always stems from identifiable and intelligble sources.

The Art of Intrusion

Download The Art of Intrusion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470503823
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (75 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Art of Intrusion by : Kevin D. Mitnick

Download or read book The Art of Intrusion written by Kevin D. Mitnick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hacker extraordinaire Kevin Mitnick delivers the explosive encore to his bestselling The Art of Deception Kevin Mitnick, the world's most celebrated hacker, now devotes his life to helping businesses and governments combat data thieves, cybervandals, and other malicious computer intruders. In his bestselling The Art of Deception, Mitnick presented fictionalized case studies that illustrated how savvy computer crackers use "social engineering" to compromise even the most technically secure computer systems. Now, in his new book, Mitnick goes one step further, offering hair-raising stories of real-life computer break-ins-and showing how the victims could have prevented them. Mitnick's reputation within the hacker community gave him unique credibility with the perpetrators of these crimes, who freely shared their stories with him-and whose exploits Mitnick now reveals in detail for the first time, including: A group of friends who won nearly a million dollars in Las Vegas by reverse-engineering slot machines Two teenagers who were persuaded by terrorists to hack into the Lockheed Martin computer systems Two convicts who joined forces to become hackers inside a Texas prison A "Robin Hood" hacker who penetrated the computer systems of many prominent companies-andthen told them how he gained access With riveting "you are there" descriptions of real computer break-ins, indispensable tips on countermeasures security professionals need to implement now, and Mitnick's own acerbic commentary on the crimes he describes, this book is sure to reach a wide audience-and attract the attention of both law enforcement agencies and the media.

This Is How They Tell Me the World Ends

Download This Is How They Tell Me the World Ends PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1526629836
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (266 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis This Is How They Tell Me the World Ends by : Nicole Perlroth

Download or read book This Is How They Tell Me the World Ends written by Nicole Perlroth and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-02-18 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WINNER OF THE FT & McKINSEY BUSINESS BOOK OF THE YEAR AWARD 2021 The instant New York Times bestseller A Financial Times and The Times Book of the Year 'A terrifying exposé' The Times 'Part John le Carré . . . Spellbinding' New Yorker We plug in anything we can to the internet. We can control our entire lives, economy and grid via a remote web control. But over the past decade, as this transformation took place, we never paused to think that we were also creating the world's largest attack surface. And that the same nation that maintains the greatest cyber advantage on earth could also be among its most vulnerable. Filled with spies, hackers, arms dealers and a few unsung heroes, This Is How They Tell Me the World Ends is an astonishing and gripping feat of journalism. Drawing on years of reporting and hundreds of interviews, Nicole Perlroth lifts the curtain on a market in shadow, revealing the urgent threat faced by us all if we cannot bring the global cyber arms race to heel.

CUCKOO'S EGG

Download CUCKOO'S EGG PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Doubleday
ISBN 13 : 0307819426
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis CUCKOO'S EGG by : Clifford Stoll

Download or read book CUCKOO'S EGG written by Clifford Stoll and published by Doubleday. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before the Internet became widely known as a global tool for terrorists, one perceptive U.S. citizen recognized its ominous potential. Armed with clear evidence of computer espionage, he began a highly personal quest to expose a hidden network of spies that threatened national security. But would the authorities back him up? Cliff Stoll's dramatic firsthand account is "a computer-age detective story, instantly fascinating [and] astonishingly gripping" (Smithsonian). Cliff Stoll was an astronomer turned systems manager at Lawrence Berkeley Lab when a 75-cent accounting error alerted him to the presence of an unauthorized user on his system. The hacker's code name was "Hunter"—a mysterious invader who managed to break into U.S. computer systems and steal sensitive military and security information. Stoll began a one-man hunt of his own: spying on the spy. It was a dangerous game of deception, broken codes, satellites, and missile bases—a one-man sting operation that finally gained the attention of the CIA . . . and ultimately trapped an international spy ring fueled by cash, cocaine, and the KGB.

Kingpin

Download Kingpin PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 : 0307588696
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (75 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Kingpin by : Kevin Poulsen

Download or read book Kingpin written by Kevin Poulsen and published by Crown. This book was released on 2012-02-07 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Former hacker Kevin Poulsen has, over the past decade, built a reputation as one of the top investigative reporters on the cybercrime beat. In Kingpin, he pours his unmatched access and expertise into book form for the first time, delivering a gripping cat-and-mouse narrative—and an unprecedented view into the twenty-first century’s signature form of organized crime. The word spread through the hacking underground like some unstoppable new virus: Someone—some brilliant, audacious crook—had just staged a hostile takeover of an online criminal network that siphoned billions of dollars from the US economy. The FBI rushed to launch an ambitious undercover operation aimed at tracking down this new kingpin; other agencies around the world deployed dozens of moles and double agents. Together, the cybercops lured numerous unsuspecting hackers into their clutches. . . . Yet at every turn, their main quarry displayed an uncanny ability to sniff out their snitches and see through their plots. The culprit they sought was the most unlikely of criminals: a brilliant programmer with a hippie ethic and a supervillain’s double identity. As prominent “white-hat” hacker Max “Vision” Butler, he was a celebrity throughout the programming world, even serving as a consultant to the FBI. But as the black-hat “Iceman,” he found in the world of data theft an irresistible opportunity to test his outsized abilities. He infiltrated thousands of computers around the country, sucking down millions of credit card numbers at will. He effortlessly hacked his fellow hackers, stealing their ill-gotten gains from under their noses. Together with a smooth-talking con artist, he ran a massive real-world crime ring. And for years, he did it all with seeming impunity, even as countless rivals ran afoul of police. Yet as he watched the fraudsters around him squabble, their ranks riddled with infiltrators, their methods inefficient, he began to see in their dysfunction the ultimate challenge: He would stage his coup and fix what was broken, run things as they should be run—even if it meant painting a bull’s-eye on his forehead. Through the story of this criminal’s remarkable rise, and of law enforcement’s quest to track him down, Kingpin lays bare the workings of a silent crime wave still affecting millions of Americans. In these pages, we are ushered into vast online-fraud supermarkets stocked with credit card numbers, counterfeit checks, hacked bank accounts, dead drops, and fake passports. We learn the workings of the numerous hacks—browser exploits, phishing attacks, Trojan horses, and much more—these fraudsters use to ply their trade, and trace the complex routes by which they turn stolen data into millions of dollars. And thanks to Poulsen’s remarkable access to both cops and criminals, we step inside the quiet, desperate arms race that law enforcement continues to fight with these scammers today. Ultimately, Kingpin is a journey into an underworld of startling scope and power, one in which ordinary American teenagers work hand in hand with murderous Russian mobsters and where a simple Wi-Fi connection can unleash a torrent of gold worth millions.

The Sacrificial Rituals of Greek Hero-Cults in the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic Period

Download The Sacrificial Rituals of Greek Hero-Cults in the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic Period PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Presses universitaires de Liège
ISBN 13 : 2821829000
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Sacrificial Rituals of Greek Hero-Cults in the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic Period by : Gunnel Ekroth

Download or read book The Sacrificial Rituals of Greek Hero-Cults in the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic Period written by Gunnel Ekroth and published by Presses universitaires de Liège. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study questions the traditional view of sacrifices in hero-cults during the Archaic to the early Hellenistic periods. The analysis of the epigraphical and literary evidence for sacrifices to heroes in these periods shows, contrary to the traditional notion, that the main ritual in hero-cults was a thysia at which the worshippers consumed the meat from the animal victim. A particular handling of the animal’s blood or a holocaust, rituals previously taken to be typical for heroes, can rarely be documented and must be considered as marginal features in hero-cults. The terms eschara, escharon, bothros, enagizein, enagisma, enagismos and enagisterion, believed to be characteristic for hero-cults, are seldom used in hero-contexts before the Roman period and occur mainly in the Byzantine lexicographers and in the scholia. Since the main kind of sacrifice in hero-cults was a thysia, a ritual intimately connected with the social structure of society, the heroes must have fulfilled the same role as the gods within the Greek religious system. The fact that the heroes were dead seems to have been of little significance for the sacrificial rituals and it is questionable whether the rituals of hero-cults are to be considered as originating in the cult of the dead.