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Crystalline Silicotitanates New Ion Exchanger For Selective Removal Of Cesium And Strontium From Radwastes
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Book Synopsis Crystalline Silicotitanates--new Ion Exchanger for Selective Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Radwastes by :
Download or read book Crystalline Silicotitanates--new Ion Exchanger for Selective Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Radwastes written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new class of inorganic ion exchange material called crystalline silicotitanates (CST) has been developed for radioactive waste treatment in a collaborative effort between Sandia National Laboratories and Texas A & M University. The Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development program provided the initial funding for this effort and this report summarizes the rapid progress that was achieved. A wide range of compositions were synthesized, evaluated for cesium (Cs) removal efficiency, and a composition called TAM-5 was developed that exhibits high selectivity and affinity for Cs and strontium (Sr). Tests show it can remove parts per million concentrations of Cs from highly alkaline, high-sodium, simulated radioactive waste solutions modeled after those at Hanford, Oak Ridge, and Savannah River. In experiments with solutions that simulate highly alkaline Hanford defense wastes, the crystalline silicotitanates exhibit distribution coefficients for Cs of greater than 2,000 ml/g, and distribution coefficients greater than 10,000 ml/g for solutions adjusted to a pH between 1 and 10. In addition, the CSTs were found to exhibit distribution coefficients for Sr+ greater than 100,000 ml/g and for plutonium of 2,000 ml/g from simulated Hanford waste. The CST crystal structure was determined and positions of individual atoms identified using x-ray and neutron diffraction. The structural information has permitted identification of the ion exchange sites and provided insights into the strong effect of pH on Cs ion exchange. Information on the synthesis, composition, and structure of CST is considered proprietary and is not discussed in this report.
Book Synopsis Ion Exchange Columns for Selective Removal of Cesium from Aqueous Radioactive Waste Using Hydrous Crystalline Silico-titanates by : David Michael Ricci
Download or read book Ion Exchange Columns for Selective Removal of Cesium from Aqueous Radioactive Waste Using Hydrous Crystalline Silico-titanates written by David Michael Ricci and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development and Properties of Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) Ion Exchangers for Radioactive Waste Applications by :
Download or read book Development and Properties of Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) Ion Exchangers for Radioactive Waste Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystalline silicotitanates (CSTs) are a new class of ion exchangers that were jointly invented by researchers at Sandia National Laboratories and Texas A & M University. One particular CST, known as TAM-5, is remarkable for its ability to separate parts-per-million concentrations of cesium from highly alkaline solutions (pH> 14) containing high sodium concentrations (>5M). It is also highly effective for removing cesium from neutral and acidic solutions, and for removing strontium from basic and neutral solutions. Cesium isotopes are fission products that account for a large portion of the radioactivity in waste streams generated during weapons material production. Tests performed at numerous locations with early lab-scale TAM-5 samples established the material as a leading candidate for treating radioactive waste volumes such as those found at the Hanford site in Washington. Thus Sandia developed a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) partnership with UOP, a world leader in developing, commercializing, and supplying adsorbents and associated process technology to commercialize and further develop the material. CSTs are now commercially available from UOP in a powder (UOP IONSIV{reg_sign} IE-910 ion exchanger) and granular form suitable for column ion exchange operations (UOP IONSIV{reg_sign} IE-911 ion exchanger). These materials exhibit a high capacity for cesium in a wide variety of solutions of interest to the Department of Energy, and they are chemically, thermally, and radiation stable. They have performed well in tests at numerous sites with actual radioactive waste solutions, and are being demonstrated in the 100,000 liter Cesium Removal Demonstration taking place at Oak Ridge National Laboratory with Melton Valley Storage Tank waste. It has been estimated that applying CSTs to the Hanford cleanup alone will result in a savings of more than $300 million over baseline technologies.
Book Synopsis Ion-exchange Performance of Crystalline Silico-titanates for Cesium Removal from Hanford Tank Waste Simulants by :
Download or read book Ion-exchange Performance of Crystalline Silico-titanates for Cesium Removal from Hanford Tank Waste Simulants written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ion Exchange Performance of Commercial Crystalline Silicotitanates for Cesium Removal by :
Download or read book Ion Exchange Performance of Commercial Crystalline Silicotitanates for Cesium Removal written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cesium Removal Using Crystalline Silicotitanate. Innovative Technology Summary Report by :
Download or read book Cesium Removal Using Crystalline Silicotitanate. Innovative Technology Summary Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 100 million gallons of radioactive waste is stored in underground storage tanks at the Hanford Site, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Oak Ridge Reservation, and Savannah River Site (SRS). Most of the radioactivity comes from 137Cs, which emits high-activity gamma radiation. The Cesium Removal System is a modular, transportable, ion-exchange system configured as a compact processing unit. Liquid tank waste flows through columns packed with solid material, called a sorbent, that selectively adsorbs cesium and allows the other materials to pass through. The sorbent is crystalline silicotitanate (CST), an engineered material with a high capacity for sorbing cesium from alkaline wastes. The Cesium Removal System was demonstrated at Oak Ridge using Melton Valley Storage Tank (MVST) waste for feed. Demonstration operations began in September 1996 and were completed during June 1997. Prior to the demonstration, a number of ion-exchange materials were evaluated at Oak Ridge with MVST waste. Also, three ion-exchange materials and three waste types were tested at Hanford. These bench-scale tests were conducted in a hot cell. Hanford's results showed that 300 times less sorbent was used by selecting Ionsiv IE-911 over organic ion-exchange resins for cesium removal. This paper gives a description of the technology and discusses its performance, applications, cost, regulatory and policy issues and lessons learned.
Book Synopsis Modeling of Crystalline Silicotitanate Ion Exchange Columns by :
Download or read book Modeling of Crystalline Silicotitanate Ion Exchange Columns written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-elutable ion exchange is being considered as a potential replacement for the In-Tank Precipitation process for removing cesium from Savannah River Site (SRS) radioactive waste. Crystalline silicotitanate (CST) particles are the reference ion exchange medium for the process. A major factor in the construction cost of this process is the size of the ion exchange column required to meet product specifications for decontaminated waste. To validate SRS column sizing calculations, SRS subcontracted two reknowned experts in this field to perform similar calculations: Professor R.G. Anthony, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A & 038;M University, and Professor S.W. Wang, Department of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University. The appendices of this document contain reports from the two subcontractors. Definition of the design problem came through several meetings and conference calls between the participants and SRS personnel over the past few months. This document summarizes the problem definition and results from the two reports.
Book Synopsis Modeling of Crystalline Silicotitanate Ion Exchange Columns Using Experimental Data from SRS Simulated Waste by :
Download or read book Modeling of Crystalline Silicotitanate Ion Exchange Columns Using Experimental Data from SRS Simulated Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-elutable ion exchange using crystalline silicotitanate is being considered for removing cesium from Savannah River Site radioactive waste. The construction cost of this process depends strongly on the size of the ion exchange column required to meet product specifications.
Book Synopsis Design, Optimization, and Selectivity of Inorganic Ion-exchangers for Radioactive Waste Remediation by : Dmitry Gennadievich Medvedev
Download or read book Design, Optimization, and Selectivity of Inorganic Ion-exchangers for Radioactive Waste Remediation written by Dmitry Gennadievich Medvedev and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The processes of development of nuclear weapons resulted in accumulation of thousands of curies of high-level radioactive waste. Liquid waste produced in the US has been stored in carbon steel tanks in highly alkaline (1-3 M NaOH, 6 M sodium salts) media for fifty years and leakage has occurred. One of the approaches to the solution of the problem of radioactive waste is to adsorb the nuclides on highly selective ion-exchange material, solidify in a glass matrix and dispose in a geological formation. The use of the ion-exchange technology is limited by the time of the sorbent-solution contact required to reduce the activity of the streams to acceptable levels. Inorganic ion-exchangers are promising materials due to their high radiation stability, extreme selectivity, and compatibility with the glass matrix. The contact time can be reduced by improving selectivities, kinetics, and capacities of the materials towards the target ions. This can be accomplished in part through understanding of the origin of ion-exchange selectivity. Crystalline zeotypes with minerals sitinakite (ideal formula Na2Ti2O3SiO4·2H2O) and pharmacosiderite (HM3(TO)4(GeO4)[subscript]x(SiO4)3[subscript]x M = Cs, Na, K+, T=Nb5+, Ge4+, Ti4+) structures are excellent candidates for selectivity studies because of their ion-exchange properties tunable by alterations of synthetic procedures, and isomorphous framework substitution. The Nb-substitution in titanium sites reduces the framework charge, whereas Ge substitution decreases the unit cell size if in titanium sites and increases if it in silicon sites. The compounds were hydrothermally synthesized in Ti/Si, Ti/Nb/Si, Ti/Ge/Si forms and characterized by structural and ion-exchange studies. The 25% Nb substitution in titanosilicate sitinakite resulted in enhanced selectivity for cesium and additional bond formation of cesium within the channel. The selectivity for cesium in germanium substituted pharmacosiderite also was correlated with the coordination environment within the channel. In the advanced stages of this study semi-crystalline (sodium nonatitanate) and amorphous (monosodium titanate) materials also were considered because of their remarkable strontium selectivity. In situ X-ray diffraction techniques revealed that the sodium nonatitanate precedes the formation of the TS phase in hydrothermal synthesis. This knowledge allowed us to design and synthesize material for combined cesium and strontium removal.
Book Synopsis Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Simulated and Actual Hanford 241-AW-101 DSSF Tank Waste by : Garrett N. Brown
Download or read book Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Simulated and Actual Hanford 241-AW-101 DSSF Tank Waste written by Garrett N. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ion Exchange of Cesium by Crystalline Silico-titanates by :
Download or read book Ion Exchange of Cesium by Crystalline Silico-titanates written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ion Exchange of Cesium by Crystalline Silico-titanates by : Zhixin Zheng
Download or read book Ion Exchange of Cesium by Crystalline Silico-titanates written by Zhixin Zheng and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High-capacity, Selective Solid Sequestrants for Innovative Chemical Separation by :
Download or read book High-capacity, Selective Solid Sequestrants for Innovative Chemical Separation written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The approach of this task is to develop high-capacity, selective solid inorganic ion exchangers for the recovery of cesium and strontium from nuclear alkaline and acid wastes. To achieve this goal, Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL) is collaborating with industry and university participants to develop high capacity, selective, solid ion exchangers for the removal of specific contaminants from nuclear waste streams.
Book Synopsis Science and Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes by : Wallace W. Shulz
Download or read book Science and Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes written by Wallace W. Shulz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioactive wastes resulting from over 40 years of production of nuclear weapons in the U. S. are currently stored in 273 underground tanks at the U. S. Department of Energy Hanford site, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Oak Ridge Reservation, and Savannah River site. Combined, tanks at these sjtes contain approximately 94,000,000 gallons of waste in a variety of forms including liquid, concrete-like salt cake, and various sludges. More than 730,000,000 curies of several radioactive isotopes are present in the underground tanks. Certainly, one of the greatest challenges facing the U. S. Department of Energy is how to characterize, retrieve, treat, and immobilize the great variety of tank wastes in a safe, timely, and cost-effective manner. For several years now, the U. S. Department of Energy has initiated and sponsored scientific and engineering studies, tests, and demonstrations to develop the myriad of technologies required to dispose of the radioactive tank wastes. In recent times, much of the Department of Energy R&D activities concerning tank wastes have been closely coordinated and organized through the Tanks Focus Area (IF A); responsibility for technical operations of the TF A has been assigned to the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Book Synopsis Performance of Crystalline Silicotitanates for Cesium Removal from Hanford Tank Waste Simulants by :
Download or read book Performance of Crystalline Silicotitanates for Cesium Removal from Hanford Tank Waste Simulants written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Materialien zum Rechtsanwälte- und Patentanwälteberufsrechts-Änderungsgesetz by :
Download or read book Materialien zum Rechtsanwälte- und Patentanwälteberufsrechts-Änderungsgesetz written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
