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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (746 download)
Download or read book Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments VII written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments VII written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter Kittel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780306458071
Total Pages : 1074 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (58 download)
Download or read book Advances in Cryogenic Engineering written by Peter Kittel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-09-30 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oregon Convention Center, Portland, Oregon, was the venue for the 1997 Cryogenic Engineering Conference. The meeting was held jointly with the International Cryogenic Materials Conference. John Barclay, of the University of Victoria, and David Smathers, of Cabot Performance Materials, were conference chairmen. Portland is the home of Northwest Natural Gas, a pioneer in the use of liquid natural gas, and Portland State University, where cryogenic research has long been conducted. The program consisted of 350 CEC papers, considerable more than CEC-95. This was the largest number of papers ever submitted to the CEC. Of these, 263 papers are published here, in Volume 43 of Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Once again the volume is published in two books. CEC PAPER REVIEW PROCESS Since 1954 Advances in Cryogenic Engineering has been the archival publication of papers presented at the biennial CEC!ICMC conferences. The publication includes invited, unsolicited, and government sponsored research papers in the research areas of cryogenic engineering and applications. All of the papers published must (1) be presented at the conference, (2) pass the peer review process, and (3) report previously unpublished theoretical studies, reviews, or advances in cryogenic engineering.
Author : Ronald G. Jr. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475798881
Total Pages : 934 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book Cryocoolers 8 written by Ronald G. Jr. Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last few years have witnessed a substantial maturing of long life Stirling-cycle cryocoolers built upon the heritage of the flexure-bearing cryocoolers from Oxford University, and have seen the emergence of mature pulse tube cryocoolers competing head-to-head with the Stirling cryocoolers. Hydrogen sorption cryocoolers, Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers with rare earth regenerators, and helium Joule-Thomson cryocoolers have also made tremendous progress in opening up applications in the 4 K to 10 K temperature range. Tactical Stirling cryocoolers, now commonplace in the defense industry, are finding application in a number of cost constrained commercial applications and space missions, and are achieving ever longer lives as they move to linear-drive, clearance-seal compressors. Building on this expanding availability of commercially viable cryocoolers, numerous new applications are being enabled; many of these involve infrared imaging systems, and high temperature superconductors in the medical and communications fields. The vibration sensitivity of many of the infrared and medical imaging applications has led to the recognition that cryocooler-generated vibration and EMI is a critical performance parameter for these applications. In response, advanced closed-loop active vibration control systems have been developed and are being delivered to their first users. Application experiments, designed to explore, troubleshoot and resolve product integration issues, are occurring on an ever widening front, particularly in the fields of infrared imaging and spectroscopy, gamma-ray spectroscopy, and high-temperature superconductor applications. An important lesson is that integrating cryogenic systems requires care and thoughtfulness in a broad range of engineering and scientific disciplines.
Author : Ramsey K. Melugin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments III written by Ramsey K. Melugin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Cor L. Claeys
Publisher : The Electrochemical Society
ISBN 13 : 9781566771030
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on Low Temperature Electronics and High Temperature Superconductivity written by Cor L. Claeys and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 1995 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Masanori Iye
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 616 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Instrument Design and Performance for Optical/infrared Ground-based Telescopes written by Masanori Iye and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ronald G. Jr. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306479192
Total Pages : 799 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)
Download or read book Cryocoolers 12 written by Ronald G. Jr. Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 799 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. One class of pulse tubes that has reached maturity is referred to as “Stirling type” because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide cooling in the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate at frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. The other type of pulse tube cooler making great advances is the so-called “Gifford-McMahon type. ” Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. Nearly a third of this proceedings covers these new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tubes is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials and Gifford-McMahon coolers. These technologies continue to make great progress in opening up the 2 - 4 K market. Also in the commercial sector, continued interest is being shown in the development of long-life, low-cost cryocoolers for the emerging high temperature superconductor electronics market, particularly the cellular telephone base-station market. At higher temperature levels, closed-cycle J-T or throttle-cycle refrigerators are taking advantage of mixed refrigerant gases to achieve low-cost cryocooler systems in the 65 to 80 K temperature range.
Author : Ben-Zion Maytal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 144198285X
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)
Download or read book Miniature Joule-Thomson Cryocooling written by Ben-Zion Maytal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-18 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first in English being entirely dedicated to Miniature Joule-Thomson Cryocooling. The category of Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocoolers takes us back to the roots of cryogenics, in 1895, with figures like Linde and Hampson. The "cold finger" of these cryocoolers is compact, lacks moving parts, and sustains a large heat flux extraction at a steady temperature. Potentially, they cool down unbeatably fast. For example, cooling to below 100 K (minus 173 Celsius) might be accomplished within only a few seconds by liquefying argon. A level of about 120 K can be reached almost instantly with krypton. Indeed, the species of coolant plays a central role dictating the size, the intensity and the level of cryocooling. It is the JT effect that drives these cryocoolers and reflects the deviation of the "real" gas from the ideal gas properties. The nine chapters of the book are arranged in five parts. •The Common Principle of Cyrocoolers shared across the broad variety of cryocooler types •Theoretical Aspects: the JT effect and its inversion, cooling potential of coolants, the liquefaction process, sizing of heat exchangers, level of pressurization, discharge of pressure vessels • Practical Aspects: modes of operation (fast cooldown, continuous, multi-staging, hybrid cryocoolers), pressure sources, configuration, construction and technologies, flow adjustment, MEMS, open and closed cycle, cooldown process and similarity, transient behavior • Mixed Coolant cryocooling: theory, practice and applications • Special Topics: real gas choked flow rates, gas purity, clog formation, optimal fixed orifice, modeling, cryosurgical devices, warming by the inverse JT effect The theoretical aspects may be of interest not only to those working with cryocoolers but also for others with a general interest in "real" gas thermodynamics, such as, for example, the inversion of the JT effect in its differential and integral forms, and the exceptional behavior of the quantum gases. A detailed list of references for each chapter comprises a broad literature survey. It consists of more than 1,200 relevant publications and 450 related patents. The systematically organized content, arranged under a thorough hierarchy of headings, supported by 227 figures and 41 tables, and accompanied by various chronological notes of evolution, enables readers a friendly interaction with the book. Dr. Ben-Zion Maytal is a Senior Researcher at Rafael-Advanced Defense Systems, Ltd., and an Adjunct Senior Teaching Fellow at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Prof. John M. Pfotenhauer holds a joint appointment in the Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Physics at the University of Wisconsin - Madison.
Author : United States. National Bureau of Standards
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 788 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Publications written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book NBS Special Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. National Bureau of Standards
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 788 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Publications of the National Bureau of Standards ... Catalog written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. National Bureau of Standards. Technical Information and Publications Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 788 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Catalog of National Bureau of Standards Publications, 1966-1976: Key word index written by United States. National Bureau of Standards. Technical Information and Publications Division and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Large Space Structures & Systems in the Space Station Era written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. National Bureau of Standards
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 788 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Catalog of National Bureau of Standards Publications, 1966-1976 written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ronald G. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387275339
Total Pages : 710 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)
Download or read book Cryocoolers 13 written by Ronald G. Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-15 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. New this year are papers de scribing the development of very large pulse tube cryocoolers to provide up to 1500 watts of cooling for industrial applications such as cooling the superconducting magnets of Mag-lev trains, coolmg superconducting cables for the power mdustry, and liquefymg natural gas. Pulse tube coolers can be driven by several competing compressor technologies. One class of pulse tube coolers is referred to as "Stirling type" because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide coolmg m the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate ^t frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. A second type of pulse tube cooler is the so-called "Gifford-McMahon type. " Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation (~1 Hz) to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. The third type of pulse tube cooler is driven by a thermoacoustic oscillator, a heat engine that functions well in remote environments where electricity is not readily available. All three types are described, and in total, nearly half of this proceedings covers new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tube and Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials.
