Cryocoolers 8

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Cryocoolers 8

Author : Ronald G. Jr. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475798881
Total Pages : 934 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryocoolers 8 by : Ronald G. Jr. Ross

Download or read book Cryocoolers 8 written by Ronald G. Jr. Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last few years have witnessed a substantial maturing of long life Stirling-cycle cryocoolers built upon the heritage of the flexure-bearing cryocoolers from Oxford University, and have seen the emergence of mature pulse tube cryocoolers competing head-to-head with the Stirling cryocoolers. Hydrogen sorption cryocoolers, Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers with rare earth regenerators, and helium Joule-Thomson cryocoolers have also made tremendous progress in opening up applications in the 4 K to 10 K temperature range. Tactical Stirling cryocoolers, now commonplace in the defense industry, are finding application in a number of cost constrained commercial applications and space missions, and are achieving ever longer lives as they move to linear-drive, clearance-seal compressors. Building on this expanding availability of commercially viable cryocoolers, numerous new applications are being enabled; many of these involve infrared imaging systems, and high temperature superconductors in the medical and communications fields. The vibration sensitivity of many of the infrared and medical imaging applications has led to the recognition that cryocooler-generated vibration and EMI is a critical performance parameter for these applications. In response, advanced closed-loop active vibration control systems have been developed and are being delivered to their first users. Application experiments, designed to explore, troubleshoot and resolve product integration issues, are occurring on an ever widening front, particularly in the fields of infrared imaging and spectroscopy, gamma-ray spectroscopy, and high-temperature superconductor applications. An important lesson is that integrating cryogenic systems requires care and thoughtfulness in a broad range of engineering and scientific disciplines.

Cryocoolers 11

Author : Ronald G. Jr. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306471124
Total Pages : 797 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryocoolers 11 by : Ronald G. Jr. Ross

Download or read book Cryocoolers 11 written by Ronald G. Jr. Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 797 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composed of papers written by leading engineers and scientists in the field, this valuable collection reports the most recent advances in cryocooler development, contains extensive performance test results and comparisons, and relates the latest experience in integrating cryocoolers into advanced applications.

Cryocoolers 10

Author : Ronald G. Jr. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 030647090X
Total Pages : 850 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryocoolers 10 by : Ronald G. Jr. Ross

Download or read book Cryocoolers 10 written by Ronald G. Jr. Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryocoolers 10 is the premier archival publication of the latest advances and performance of small cryogenic refrigerators designed to provide localized cooling for military, space, semi-conductor, medical, computing, and high-temperature superconductor cryogenic applications in the 2-200 K temperature range. Composed of papers written by leading engineers and scientists in the field, Cryocoolers 10 reports the most recent advances in cryocooler development, contains extensive performance test results and comparisons, and relates the latest experience in integrating cryocoolers into advanced applications.

Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference

Author : T. Haruyama
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080539751
Total Pages : 766 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (397 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference by : T. Haruyama

Download or read book Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference written by T. Haruyama and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-04-01 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the 16th ICEC/ICMC Conference, held in Kitakyushu, Japan, on 20th-24th May 1996. The Proceedings are presented in three volumes containing a total of 476 papers from 1484 authors. The proceedings covers the main areas of: Large Scale Refrigeration. Cryocoolers. Cryogenic Engineering. Space Cryogenics. Application of Superconductivity. Oxide Superconductors. Metallic Superconductors. Metallic Materials. Non Metallic Materials. In addition there are seven Plenary Lectures covering such diverse topics as commercialization of high-Tc superconductors, the continuing development of the Maglev system in Japan, and the Large Hadron Collider project. The Proceedings comprise an excellent and up-to-date summary of research and development in the fields of Cryogenics and Superconductivity.

Cryocoolers 9

Author : Ronald G.Jr. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461558697
Total Pages : 952 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryocoolers 9 by : Ronald G.Jr. Ross

Download or read book Cryocoolers 9 written by Ronald G.Jr. Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference held in Waterville Valley, New Hampshire, June 25-27, 1996

Cryocoolers 13

Author : Ronald G. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387275339
Total Pages : 710 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryocoolers 13 by : Ronald G. Ross

Download or read book Cryocoolers 13 written by Ronald G. Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-15 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. New this year are papers de scribing the development of very large pulse tube cryocoolers to provide up to 1500 watts of cooling for industrial applications such as cooling the superconducting magnets of Mag-lev trains, coolmg superconducting cables for the power mdustry, and liquefymg natural gas. Pulse tube coolers can be driven by several competing compressor technologies. One class of pulse tube coolers is referred to as "Stirling type" because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide coolmg m the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate ^t frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. A second type of pulse tube cooler is the so-called "Gifford-McMahon type. " Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation (~1 Hz) to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. The third type of pulse tube cooler is driven by a thermoacoustic oscillator, a heat engine that functions well in remote environments where electricity is not readily available. All three types are described, and in total, nearly half of this proceedings covers new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tube and Gifford-McMahon cryocoolers is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials.

Cryocoolers 12

Author : Ronald G. Jr. Ross
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306479192
Total Pages : 799 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryocoolers 12 by : Ronald G. Jr. Ross

Download or read book Cryocoolers 12 written by Ronald G. Jr. Ross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 799 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. One class of pulse tubes that has reached maturity is referred to as “Stirling type” because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide cooling in the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate at frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. The other type of pulse tube cooler making great advances is the so-called “Gifford-McMahon type. ” Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. Nearly a third of this proceedings covers these new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tubes is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials and Gifford-McMahon coolers. These technologies continue to make great progress in opening up the 2 - 4 K market. Also in the commercial sector, continued interest is being shown in the development of long-life, low-cost cryocoolers for the emerging high temperature superconductor electronics market, particularly the cellular telephone base-station market. At higher temperature levels, closed-cycle J-T or throttle-cycle refrigerators are taking advantage of mixed refrigerant gases to achieve low-cost cryocooler systems in the 65 to 80 K temperature range.

Spacecraft Thermal Control Handbook: Cryogenics

Author : David G. Gilmore
Publisher : AIAA
ISBN 13 : 9781884989148
Total Pages : 674 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Spacecraft Thermal Control Handbook: Cryogenics by : David G. Gilmore

Download or read book Spacecraft Thermal Control Handbook: Cryogenics written by David G. Gilmore and published by AIAA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of satellite systems that require some form of cryogenic cooling has grown enormously over the last several years. With so many engineers, scientists, and technicians working on cryogenic systems for the first time in their careers, the need for a single resource that touched on all the technologies relevant to cryogenics was apparent.

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

Author : Peter Kittel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780306453007
Total Pages : 1018 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Cryogenic Engineering by : Peter Kittel

Download or read book Advances in Cryogenic Engineering written by Peter Kittel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-08-31 with total page 1018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hyatt Regency Hotel, Columbus, Ohio was the venue for the 1995 Cryogenic Engineering Conference. The meeting was held jointly with the International Cryogenic Materials Conference. Jim Peeples, of CVI, Inc., was conference chairman. Columbus is the home of the Battelle Memorial Institute, a pioneer in cryogenic materials development; the home of CVI, Inc., and Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc., two leading manufacturers of cryogenic equipment; and it is the home of Ohio State University, where research on liquid helium has long been conducted. The program consisted of 315 CEC papers, nearly the same number as for CEC-91. This was the second largest number of papers ever submitted to the CEC. Of these, 252 papers are published here, in Volume 41 of Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Once again the volume is published in two books. This volume includes a number of photographs taken during the awards lunch on July 20, 1995. Photographs have often been taken during the conferences, but they have never been used. The pictures are of the awardees, the conference chairs, and the organizers. They are distributed through out the books on pages that would otherwise have been blank. The pictures can be found on the following pages: 28, 232, 334, 536, 640, 826, 990, 1032, 1202, 1462,1682,1888, and 1994.

Miniature Joule-Thomson Cryocooling

Author : Ben-Zion Maytal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441982841
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Miniature Joule-Thomson Cryocooling by : Ben-Zion Maytal

Download or read book Miniature Joule-Thomson Cryocooling written by Ben-Zion Maytal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-18 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first in English being entirely dedicated to Miniature Joule-Thomson Cryocooling. The category of Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocoolers takes us back to the roots of cryogenics, in 1895, with figures like Linde and Hampson. The "cold finger" of these cryocoolers is compact, lacks moving parts, and sustains a large heat flux extraction at a steady temperature. Potentially, they cool down unbeatably fast. For example, cooling to below 100 K (minus 173 Celsius) might be accomplished within only a few seconds by liquefying argon. A level of about 120 K can be reached almost instantly with krypton. Indeed, the species of coolant plays a central role dictating the size, the intensity and the level of cryocooling. It is the JT effect that drives these cryocoolers and reflects the deviation of the "real" gas from the ideal gas properties. The nine chapters of the book are arranged in five parts. •The Common Principle of Cyrocoolers shared across the broad variety of cryocooler types •Theoretical Aspects: the JT effect and its inversion, cooling potential of coolants, the liquefaction process, sizing of heat exchangers, level of pressurization, discharge of pressure vessels • Practical Aspects: modes of operation (fast cooldown, continuous, multi-staging, hybrid cryocoolers), pressure sources, configuration, construction and technologies, flow adjustment, MEMS, open and closed cycle, cooldown process and similarity, transient behavior • Mixed Coolant cryocooling: theory, practice and applications • Special Topics: real gas choked flow rates, gas purity, clog formation, optimal fixed orifice, modeling, cryosurgical devices, warming by the inverse JT effect The theoretical aspects may be of interest not only to those working with cryocoolers but also for others with a general interest in "real" gas thermodynamics, such as, for example, the inversion of the JT effect in its differential and integral forms, and the exceptional behavior of the quantum gases. A detailed list of references for each chapter comprises a broad literature survey. It consists of more than 1,200 relevant publications and 450 related patents. The systematically organized content, arranged under a thorough hierarchy of headings, supported by 227 figures and 41 tables, and accompanied by various chronological notes of evolution, enables readers a friendly interaction with the book. Dr. Ben-Zion Maytal is a Senior Researcher at Rafael-Advanced Defense Systems, Ltd., and an Adjunct Senior Teaching Fellow at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Prof. John M. Pfotenhauer holds a joint appointment in the Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Physics at the University of Wisconsin - Madison.

Low Temperature Materials and Mechanisms

Author : Yoseph Bar-Cohen
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 149870039X
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Low Temperature Materials and Mechanisms by : Yoseph Bar-Cohen

Download or read book Low Temperature Materials and Mechanisms written by Yoseph Bar-Cohen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the growing interest in low temperature technologies. Since the subject of low temperature materials and mechanisms is multidisciplinary, the chapters reflect the broadest possible perspective of the field. Leading experts in the specific subject area address the various related science and engineering chemistry, material science, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, and physics.

Cryogenic Engineering

Author : Klaus D. Timmerhaus
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 038746896X
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (874 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryogenic Engineering by : Klaus D. Timmerhaus

Download or read book Cryogenic Engineering written by Klaus D. Timmerhaus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-12 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a benchmark reference work on Cryogenic Engineering which chronicles the major developments in the field. Starting with an historical background, this book reviews the development of data resources now available for cryogenic fields and properties of materials. It presents the latest changes in cryopreservation and the advances over the past 50 years. The book also highlights an exceptional reference listing to provide referral to more details.

Low Temperature and Cryogenic Refrigeration

Author : Sadik Kakaç
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401000999
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Low Temperature and Cryogenic Refrigeration by : Sadik Kakaç

Download or read book Low Temperature and Cryogenic Refrigeration written by Sadik Kakaç and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Refrigeration plays a prominent role in our everyday lives, and cryogenics plays a major role in medical science, space technology and the cooling of low-temperature electronics. This volume contains chapters on basic refrigeration systems, non-compression refrigeration and cooling, and topics related to global environmental issues, alternative refrigerants, optimum refrigerant selection, cost-quality optimization of refrigerants, advanced thermodynamics of reverse-cycle machines, applications in medicine, cryogenics, heat pipes, gas-solid absorption refrigeration, multisalt resorption heat pumps, cryocoolers, thermoacoustic refrigeration, cryogenic heat transfer and enhancement and other topics covering theory, design, and applications, such as pulse tube refrigeration, which is the most efficient of all cryocoolers and can be used in space missions.

Applications of Superconductivity

Author : H. Weinstock
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401707529
Total Pages : 695 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Applications of Superconductivity by : H. Weinstock

Download or read book Applications of Superconductivity written by H. Weinstock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, in essence the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute with the same title, is designed to provide in-depth coverage of many, but not all, of the major current applications of superconductivity, and of many that still are being developed. It will be of value to scientists and engineers who have interests in the research and production aspects of the technology, as well as in the applications themselves. The ftrst three chapters (by Clarke, Vrba and Wikswo) are devoted to an understanding of the principles, fabrication and uses of SQUID magnetometers and gradiometers, with the greatest emphasis on biomagnetism and nondestructive evaluation (NDE). For the most part, traditional low-temperature superconductor (LTS) SQUIDs are used, but particularly for NDE, high-temperature superconductor (HTS) SQUIDs are proving useful and often more convenient. The succeeding three chapters (by Przybysz, Likharev and Chaloupka) cover broader aspects of superconducting electronics. The ftrst two of these deal primarily with digital L TS circuits, while the third discusses in great detail passive component applications using HTS materials. Currently, HTS ftlters are undergoing intense J3-site testing at cellular telephone base stations. While it is clear that HTS ftlters outperform conventional ftlters in reducing signal loss and allowing for more channels in a given bandwidth, it isn't yet certain that the cellular telephone industry sees sufficient economic beneftts to make a ftrm decision to use HTS ftlters universally in its systems. If this application is generally adapted, the market for these ftlters should be quite large.

Microwave Superconductivity

Author : H. Weinstock
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401004501
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Microwave Superconductivity by : H. Weinstock

Download or read book Microwave Superconductivity written by H. Weinstock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailed coverage of all aspects of microwave superconductivity: fundamentals, fabrication, measurement, components, circuits, cryogenic packaging and market potential. Both a graduate-level textbook and a reference for microwave engineers. Applications (with either active or passive circuit elements) include those at both liquid-helium and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. Topics covered include wireless communications, space-based cryoelectronics, SQUIDs and SQUID amplifiers, NMR and MRI coils, accelerator cavities, and Josephson flux-flow devices.

Infrared Space Interferometry: Astrophysics & the Study of Earth-Like Planets

Author : C. Eiroa
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401154686
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Infrared Space Interferometry: Astrophysics & the Study of Earth-Like Planets by : C. Eiroa

Download or read book Infrared Space Interferometry: Astrophysics & the Study of Earth-Like Planets written by C. Eiroa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past year has produced some of the most exciting results in the history of astronomy, particularly in the area of planets outside our solar system. Only a half-year before our meeting in Toledo, Spain, the first unambiguous detection of planet-sized masses orbiting main sequence stars were reported. Since that time, evidence for a new exo planet has been reported almost at the rate of about once per month. Some of these objects are likely to turn out to be very low-mass stars, but something like half show characteristics - Jupiter-like mass and near-zero orbital eccentricity - which appear to be unique to planets. Almost at the same time that giant planets were being discovered regularly, the two major space agencies, ESA and NASA, have iden tified searches for and detailed study of Earth-like planets as a major priority for the future. In ESA's "Horizon 2000 Plus" programme, an infrared interferometer has been proposed as a possible future Cor nerstone mission. Similarly, scientists in the US produced the "Road Map for the Exploration of Neighboring Planetary Systems (ExNPS)", which provided NASA with a long-term plan which leads also to an infrared interferometer in space to study hypothetical Earth-like worlds beyond our Solar System. Such an observatory is designed to search for the thermal emission from a family of planets, using interferometric nulling to remove the contaminating light from the central star.

SQUID Sensors

Author : H. Weinstock
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401156743
Total Pages : 716 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis SQUID Sensors by : H. Weinstock

Download or read book SQUID Sensors written by H. Weinstock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book willbcof value to anyone who wishes to consider the use of SQUID-based magnetic sensing for anyone of a number of practical applications. The focus here is to examine in detail how SQUID technology is used and how. the results of the measurements obtained can be interpreted to provide useful information in a variety of real-world applications. The concentration is on those areas that have received the most attention, namely bioma~etism and nondestructive evaluation, but. the topics chosen include as well, geophysics, underwater ordnance detection, accelerometry and a few somewhat more exotic applications. To provide a reasonable perspective. an attempt has been made to consider competing technologies for most applications, and in some cases to consider how SQUID-based technology may be integrated with other technologies to provide an optimum total-system configuration. It is also the intention of the editor, that this book will be of major value to those scientists and engineers who will be required to build both the essential components and complete cryogenic SQUID systems which will be utilized in the various applications presented. Thus, there is a comprehensive review of the principles of SQUID operation, and a detailed exposition on the fabrication of high-temperature-superconducting (HTS) SQUIDs. Although the market is currently dominated by low-temperature superconducting (L TS) SQUIDs, it is reasonably certain that in the near future HTS SQUIDs will take over in most situations.