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Author : Rensselaer W. Lee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Crop Substitution in the Andes written by Rensselaer W. Lee and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert Mihelli
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3638236064
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (382 download)
Download or read book Coca and Cocaine in the Andes written by Robert Mihelli and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2003-11-28 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Economic Geography, grade: 1,2 (A+), RWTH Aachen University (Geography Institute), 15 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Andean farmers have good financial reasons for continuing to grow coca, and it is unlikely that theeconomic equation can be substantially altered. Cocaine is as cheap and plentiful as ever on U.S.streets, the biggest market for cocaine; the State Department estimates that 1999 coca productionincreased. The current U.S. retail cocaine market is somewhere between $30 billion and $150 billion. Efforts at interdiction and crop substitution have failed, the former because the amounts of cocaineimported are so large that seizures have little overall impact, the latter both because alternative cropsare intrinsically less lucrative and because there is no infrastructure to bring such crops to market. TheU.S. General Accounting Office report to Congress argued that crop substitution was unlikely tosucceed, and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has calculated the cost of raw coca as makingup less than 1 percent of the retail cost of refined cocaine in the U.S. The latter statistic means thattraffickers could easily afford to increase what they pay for raw coca if a shortage occurred, therebystimulating production. In order to explain why the andean Countries prefer to grow coca, it is important to understand that thecoca plant is a part of the culture, as history shows and there is a difference between the existence ofcoca and cocaine. The usage and the production of the coca plant changed in the last hundred years,and the monocultural development carry tremendous illegal capacities. But on the other hand, it isoriginally a cultural heritage. To explain this issue one must know where it is cultivated, why and whatproblems it causes for the Andean Countries, and not only for these countries, but on a globalscale.
Author : P. Clawson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349609781
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (496 download)
Download or read book The Andean Cocaine Industry written by P. Clawson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-30 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is commonly known that the Andean nations of Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia are the international centers of cocaine production. But until now, there has been no comprehensive view of this billion dollar industry. Using never-before unearthed information culled from their extensive field research, Patrick Clawson and Rensselaer Lee reveal the configuration of the drug industry, from the original cultivation of coca in the fields of South America to the sale of cocaine on the streets of the United States. The authors analyze the economic and political impact of the drug business on the Andean nations, including such problems as violence and the undermining of legitimate business. Through the ground-breaking work of Clawson and Lee, The Andean Cocaine Industry illuminates one of the most pervasive problems facing the world today.
Author : Francisco E. Thoumi
Publisher : Woodrow Wilson Center Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801878541
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (785 download)
Download or read book Illegal Drugs, Economy, and Society in the Andes written by Francisco E. Thoumi and published by Woodrow Wilson Center Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents
Author : J. Esteban Hernández Bermejo
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251032176
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Neglected Crops written by J. Esteban Hernández Bermejo and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1994 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About neglected crops of the American continent. Published in collaboration with the Botanical Garden of Cord�ba (Spain) as part of the Etnobot�nica92 Programme (Andalusia, 1992)
Author :
Publisher : U.S. Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Alternative Coca Reduction Strategies in the Andean Region written by and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1993 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Andean Trade Preference Act written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States International Trade Commission
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Andean Trade Preference Act written by United States International Trade Commission and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264195017
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (641 download)
Download or read book Market Effects of Crop Support Measures written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2001-09-12 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication compares the market impacts of market price support and several kinds of budgetary direct payments using indicators of economic efficiency and trade distortion.
Author : Asociación Peruana de Estudios e Investigaciones para la Paz
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Coca and Cocaine written by Asociación Peruana de Estudios e Investigaciones para la Paz and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1993-03-24 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Political and economic aspects of cocaine in Peru, Colombia, and Bolivia from the perspective of individuals from those countries"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57
Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1457825953
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (578 download)
Download or read book Impact of the Andean Trade Preference Act: Effect on the U.S. Economy and on Andean Drug Crop Eradication and Crop Substitution, 1993 Annual Report, Inv. 332-352 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1457825783
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (578 download)
Download or read book Andean Trade Preference Act: Impact on U.S. Industries and Consumers and on Drug Crop Eradication and Crop Substitution, 2nd Report 1994, Inv. 332-352 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Annual Report on the Impact of the Andean Trade Preference Act written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book USITC Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1457823233
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (578 download)
Download or read book Andean Trade Preference Act: Impact on U.S. Industries and Consumers and on Drug Crop and Eradication and Crop Substitution, 7th Report 1999, Inv. 332-352 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030904264X
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Lost Crops of the Incas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-02-01 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating, readable volume is filled with enticing, detailed information about more than 30 different Incan crops that promise to follow the potato's lead and become important contributors to the world's food supply. Some of these overlooked foods offer special advantages for developing nations, such as high nutritional quality and excellent yields. Many are adaptable to areas of the United States. Lost Crops of the Incas includes vivid color photographs of many of the crops and describes the authors' experiences in growing, tasting, and preparing them in different ways. This book is for the gourmet and gourmand alike, as well as gardeners, botanists, farmers, and agricultural specialists in developing countries.
Author : Thomas F. Jennings
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0788171917
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (881 download)
Download or read book Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act and the Andean Trade Preference Act written by Thomas F. Jennings and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998-08 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA) encourages economic growth and development in Car. Basin countries by promoting increased prod'n. and exports of nontraditional products. Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA) encourages Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru to reduce drug-crop cultivation and production by fostering production and exports of nontraditional products. Both programs authorize the Pres. to proclaim preferential rates of duty on many products entering the U.S. from these regions. This report estimates the impact of both laws on U.S. industries and consumers in 1996 and assesses the effectiveness of ATPA in promoting drug-related crop eradication and crop substitution efforts in beneficiary countries.
