Men to Devils, Devils to Men

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674966988
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Men to Devils, Devils to Men by : Barak Kushner

Download or read book Men to Devils, Devils to Men written by Barak Kushner and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Japanese Army committed numerous atrocities during its pitiless campaigns in China from 1931 to 1945. When the Chinese emerged victorious with the Allies at the end of World War II, many seemed ready to exact retribution for these crimes. Rather than resort to violence, however, they chose to deal with their former enemy through legal and diplomatic means. Focusing on the trials of, and policies toward, Japanese war criminals in the postwar period, Men to Devils, Devils to Men analyzes the complex political maneuvering between China and Japan that shaped East Asian realpolitik during the Cold War. Barak Kushner examines how factions of Nationalists and Communists within China structured the war crimes trials in ways meant to strengthen their competing claims to political rule. On the international stage, both China and Japan propagandized the tribunals, promoting or blocking them for their own advantage. Both nations vied to prove their justness to the world: competing groups in China by emphasizing their magnanimous policy toward the Japanese; Japan by openly cooperating with postwar democratization initiatives. At home, however, Japan allowed the legitimacy of the war crimes trials to be questioned in intense debates that became a formidable force in postwar Japanese politics. In uncovering the different ways the pursuit of justice for Japanese war crimes influenced Sino-Japanese relations in the postwar years, Men to Devils, Devils to Men reveals a Cold War dynamic that still roils East Asian relations today.

Criminal Justice for World War II Atrocities in China

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Publisher : Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher
ISBN 13 : 8293081368
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Criminal Justice for World War II Atrocities in China by : ZHANG Binxin

Download or read book Criminal Justice for World War II Atrocities in China written by ZHANG Binxin and published by Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Hidden Horrors

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781538102695
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Hidden Horrors by : Toshiyuki Tanaka

Download or read book Hidden Horrors written by Toshiyuki Tanaka and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2018 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in a significant new edition, this landmark book documents little-known wartime Japanese atrocities during World War II, including cannibalism; the slaughter and starvation of prisoners of war; the rape, enforced prostitution, and murder of noncombatants; and biological warfare experiments.

Hong Kong's War Crimes Trials

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199643288
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Hong Kong's War Crimes Trials by : Suzannah Linton

Download or read book Hong Kong's War Crimes Trials written by Suzannah Linton and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immediately after the Second World War 46 trials were held by the British military in Hong Kong in which 123 defendants, mainly from Japan, were tried for war crimes. This book is the first to analyze these trials, situating them within their historical context and showing their importance for the development of international criminal law.

The Nanjing Atrocities

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781940457055
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nanjing Atrocities by : Facing History and Ourselves

Download or read book The Nanjing Atrocities written by Facing History and Ourselves and published by . This book was released on 2014-08-29 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nanjing Atrocities: Crimes of War details the events unfolding in China and Japan in the years leading up to World War II in East Asia and the Japanese occupation of the city of Nanjing, China, in 1937. Following Facing History's guiding scope and sequence, and including a foreword by Benjamin Ferencz, a war crimes prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials, this resource lays a broad framework and contains an in-depth examination of the war crimes known today as the Nanjing Atrocities. This book begins by exploring the impact of imperialism in East Asia during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the rise of nationalism and militarism, and how these developments affected the complexity of nation building efforts in China and Japan. It addresses the brutality of war and the crimes committed in Nanjing through an examination of the choices made by leaders, soldiers, and witnesses. The history is presented through firsthand accounts and perspectives from survivors and foreigners living in Nanjing during the Japanese occupation. When examining the aftermath and legacy of the war in China, readers are asked to consider the importance of justice and memory, issues still relevant today as nations in East Asia continue to wrestle with how to remember, teach, and understand the Nanjing Atrocities. The Nanjing Atrocities: Crimes of War is an invaluable resource for educators and students of history seeking an overview of World War II in East Asia.

Japanese War Criminals

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Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231542682
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Japanese War Criminals by : Sandra Wilson

Download or read book Japanese War Criminals written by Sandra Wilson and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-14 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning in late 1945, the United States, Britain, China, Australia, France, the Netherlands, and later the Philippines, the Soviet Union, and the People's Republic of China convened national courts to prosecute Japanese military personnel for war crimes. The defendants included ethnic Koreans and Taiwanese who had served with the armed forces as Japanese subjects. In Tokyo, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East tried Japanese leaders. While the fairness of these trials has been a focus for decades, Japanese War Criminals instead argues that the most important issues arose outside the courtroom. What was the legal basis for identifying and detaining subjects, determining who should be prosecuted, collecting evidence, and granting clemency after conviction? The answers to these questions helped set the norms for transitional justice in the postwar era and today contribute to strategies for addressing problematic areas of international law. Examining the complex moral, ethical, legal, and political issues surrounding the Allied prosecution project, from the first investigations during the war to the final release of prisoners in 1958, Japanese War Criminals shows how a simple effort to punish the guilty evolved into a multidimensional struggle that muddied the assignment of criminal responsibility for war crimes. Over time, indignation in Japan over Allied military actions, particularly the deployment of the atomic bombs, eclipsed anger over Japanese atrocities, and, among the Western powers, new Cold War imperatives took hold. This book makes a unique contribution to our understanding of the construction of the postwar international order in Asia and to our comprehension of the difficulties of implementing transitional justice.

Hidden Atrocities

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Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231544987
Total Pages : 542 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Hidden Atrocities by : Jeanne Guillemin

Download or read book Hidden Atrocities written by Jeanne Guillemin and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-26 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of World War II, the Allied intent to bring Axis crimes to light led to both the Nuremberg trials and their counterpart in Tokyo, the International Military Tribunal of the Far East. Yet the Tokyo Trial failed to prosecute imperial Japanese leaders for the worst of war crimes: inhumane medical experimentation, including vivisection and open-air pathogen and chemical tests, which rivaled Nazi atrocities, as well as mass attacks using plague, anthrax, and cholera that killed thousands of Chinese civilians. In Hidden Atrocities, Jeanne Guillemin goes behind the scenes at the trial to reveal the American obstruction that denied justice to Japan’s victims. Responsibility for Japan’s secret germ-warfare program, organized as Unit 731 in Harbin, China, extended to top government leaders and many respected scientists, all of whom escaped indictment. Instead, motivated by early Cold War tensions, U.S. military intelligence in Tokyo insinuated itself into the Tokyo Trial by blocking prosecution access to key witnesses and then classifying incriminating documents. Washington decision makers, supported by the American occupation leader, General Douglas MacArthur, sought to acquire Japan’s biological-warfare expertise to gain an advantage over the Soviet Union, suspected of developing both biological and nuclear weapons. Ultimately, U.S. national-security goals left the victims of Unit 731 without vindication. Decades later, evidence of the Unit 731 atrocities still troubles relations between China and Japan. Guillemin’s vivid account of the cover-up at the Tokyo Trial shows how without guarantees of transparency, power politics can jeopardize international justice, with persistent consequences.

Cold War Ruins

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Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822374110
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Cold War Ruins by : Lisa Yoneyama

Download or read book Cold War Ruins written by Lisa Yoneyama and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Cold War Ruins Lisa Yoneyama argues that the efforts intensifying since the 1990s to bring justice to the victims of Japanese military and colonial violence have generated what she calls a "transborder redress culture." A product of failed post-World War II transitional justice that left many colonial legacies intact, this culture both contests and reiterates the complex transwar and transpacific entanglements that have sustained the Cold War unredressability and illegibility of certain violences. By linking justice to the effects of American geopolitical hegemony, and by deploying a conjunctive cultural critique—of "comfort women" redress efforts, state-sponsored apologies and amnesties, Asian American involvement in redress cases, the ongoing effects of the U.S. occupation of Japan and Okinawa, Japanese atrocities in China, and battles over WWII memories—Yoneyama helps illuminate how redress culture across Asia and the Pacific has the potential to bring powerful new and challenging perspectives on American exceptionalism, militarized security, justice, sovereignty, forgiveness, and decolonization.

Beyond Victor's Justice? The Tokyo War Crimes Trial Revisited

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004215913
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Victor's Justice? The Tokyo War Crimes Trial Revisited by : Yuki Tanaka

Download or read book Beyond Victor's Justice? The Tokyo War Crimes Trial Revisited written by Yuki Tanaka and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this new collection of essays is to engage in analysis beyond the familiar victor’s justice critiques. The editors have drawn on authors from across the world — including Australia, Japan, China, France, Korea, New Zealand and the United Kingdom — with expertise in the fields of international humanitarian law, international criminal law, Japanese studies, modern Japanese history, and the use of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons. The diverse backgrounds of the individual authors allow the editors to present essays which provide detailed and original analyses of the Tokyo Trial from legal, philosophical and historical perspectives. Several of the essays in the collection are based on the authors’ extensive archival research in Japan, Australia, the United States and New Zealand, providing rich insights into Japanese societal attitudes towards the Trial, biological experimentation by the Japanese Army in China, as well as the trial of Korean prison guards and prosecutions for rape and sexual assault in the post-war period. Some of the essays deal with particular participants in the Trial, examining the role of individual judges, and the selection of defendants and the decision not to prosecute the Emperor. Other essays analyse the Trial from a legal perspective, and address its impact on concepts such as command responsibility, conspiracy and war crimes. The majority of the essays seek to identify and address some of the ‘forgotten crimes’ in the Tokyo Trial. These include crimes committed in China and Korea (particularly the activities of the infamous Unit 731), crimes committed against comfort women, and crimes associated with the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the conventional firebombing of other Japanese cities and the illicit drug trade in China. Finally, the collection includes a number of essays which consider the importance of studying the Tokyo Trial and its contemporary relevance. These issues include an examination of the way in which academics have ‘written’ the Trial over the last 60 years, and an analysis of some of the lessons that can be drawn for international trials in the future.

The Tokyo Trial and War Crimes in Asia

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811598134
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tokyo Trial and War Crimes in Asia by : Mei Ju-ao

Download or read book The Tokyo Trial and War Crimes in Asia written by Mei Ju-ao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines the process and the impact of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), otherwise known as the Tokyo Trial, which was convened in 1946 to try the Japanese leaders accused of committing war crimes during World War II. Offering valuable research materials, it studies the lessons learned from the failed attempt after World War I, and the background and establishment of the IMTFE. It elaborates on the Charter, the Indictment, the Proceeding Records, and the Judgment of the IMTFE, with an emphasis on principles of international law and other legal questions, often with reference to the Nuremberg Trial. It also discusses the structure and different parts of the court organization, the selection and prosecution of Class-A war criminals, and the trial procedures especially those relating to evidence. The author’s personal experience and his criticism of certain aspects of the Tokyo Trial make it most insightful for the reader. From the perspective of a Chinese judge, this unique text brings in the dimensions of both international law and international relations, and allows us to measure the significance and legacy of the Tokyo Trial for contemporary international criminal justice. The author’s manuscript of this book was written in Chinese in the mid-1960s as part of a larger project, and was initially published in 1988. This is the first time that this book has been translated into English.

Defending the Enemy

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Publisher : Bascom Hill Publishing Group Limited
ISBN 13 : 9781935456032
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis Defending the Enemy by : Elaine B. Fischel

Download or read book Defending the Enemy written by Elaine B. Fischel and published by Bascom Hill Publishing Group Limited. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1946-48 Elaine B. Fischel worked in Tokyo alongside the American attorneys assigned to defend the Japanese war criminals held responsible for the torture and deaths of millions of civilians and prisoners of war. She recounts the post-WWII transition in Japan to the country's occupation by their former enemy, and the subsequent surprise on the part of the Japanese citizenry that the U.S. allegiance to democracy meant providing a fair trial even to the men considered the most evil perpetrators of atrocities. In letters to her family at the time, the author as a young woman tries to explain her relationships with the defendants and her own surprise at the growing fondness she felt for many of the "villains" of WWII-particularly prime minister and general Hideki Tojo, known during the war as "Razor." Defending the Enemy is also the story of a young woman who wants to make the most of her time in a country so full of beauty. Fischel interweaves the activities and intrigues of the trial alongside her tales of travel throughout Japan, her social engagements with high-ranking military and civilians, and her unique enduring relationships, such as her friendship with Emperor Hirohito's brother, Prince Takamatsu. In doing so, Fischel illuminates the paradoxes inherent during this period in history. Elaine B. Fischel was born in New York. Her widowed mother moved her girls out of the big city and raised Elaine and her sister in Southern California. In addition to "honors" grades in high school, Elaine's athletic abilities led to a number-one ranking in Junior tennis and, while representing UCLA, she became a National Intercollegiate Tennis Champion. The end of World War II found Elaine working in Tokyo for two-and-a-half years at the trial of the twenty-eight accused Japanese war criminals. General Douglas MacArthur, the leader of the Occupation, recruited American lawyers to defend the fallen leaders to insure that history would say this was a "fair trial." Elaine's assignment to the Defense enabled her to interact with the fallen leaders, who had become "clients," and with military leaders, diplomats, the Japanese royal family, and Japanese citizens from all walks of life. When the trial was over, Fischel returned home and attended the University of Southern California School of Law. She went on to practice law for fifty-seven years. Book jacket.

Japanese War Crimes

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351511084
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Japanese War Crimes by : Peter Li

Download or read book Japanese War Crimes written by Peter Li and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of national responsibility for crimes against humanity became an urgent topic due to the charge of ethnic cleansing against the previous Yugoslav government. But that was not the first such urging of legal and moral responsibility for war crimes. While the Nazi German regime has been prototypical, the actions of the Japanese military regime have been receiving increasing prominence and attention. Indeed, Peter Li's volume examines the phenomenon of denial as well as the deeds of destruction. Certainly one of the most troublesome unresolved problems facing many Asian and Western countries after the Asia Pacific war (1931u1945) is the question of the atrocities committed by the Japanese Imperial Army throughout Asia and the Japanese government's repeated attempts to whitewash their wartime responsibilities. The psychological and physical wounds suffered by victims, their families, and relations remain unhealed after more than half a century, and the issue is now pressing. This collection undertakes the critical task of addressing some of the multifaceted and complex issues of Japanese war crimes and redress. This collection is divided into five themes. In "It's Never Too Late to Seek Justice," the issues of reconciliation, accountability, and Emperor Hirohito's responsibility for war crimes are explored. "The American POW Experience Remembered" includes a moving account of the Bataan Death March by an American ex-soldier. "Psychological Responses" discusses the socio-psychological affects of the Nanjing Massacre and Japanese vivisection on Chinese subjects. The way in which Japanese war atrocities have been dealt with in the theater and cinema is the focus of "Artistic Responses." And central to "History Must not Forget" are the questions of memory, trauma, biological warfare, and redress. Included in this volume are samples of the many presentations given at the International Citizens' Forum on War Crimes and Redress held in Tokyo in Decem

The Tokyo War Crimes Trial

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Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tokyo War Crimes Trial by : Yuma Totani

Download or read book The Tokyo War Crimes Trial written by Yuma Totani and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the historical significance of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE)--commonly called the Tokyo trial--established as the eastern counterpart of the Nuremberg trial in the immediate aftermath of World War II. Through extensive research in Japanese, American, Australian, and Indian archives, Yuma Totani taps into a large body of previously underexamined sources to explore some of the central misunderstandings and historiographical distortions that have persisted to the present day. Foregrounding these voluminous records, Totani disputes the notion that the trial was an exercise in "victors' justice" in which the legal process was egregiously compromised for political and ideological reasons; rather, the author details the achievements of the Allied prosecution teams in documenting war crimes and establishing the responsibility of the accused parties to show how the IMTFE represented a sound application of the legal principles established at Nuremberg. This study deepens our knowledge of the historical intricacies surrounding the Tokyo trial and advances our understanding of the Japanese conduct of war and occupation during World War II, the range of postwar debates on war guilt, and the relevance of the IMTFE to the continuing development of international humanitarian law.

Human Rights after Hitler

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Publisher : Georgetown University Press
ISBN 13 : 1626164339
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Rights after Hitler by : Dan Plesch

Download or read book Human Rights after Hitler written by Dan Plesch and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-20 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Rights after Hitler reveals thousands of forgotten US and Allied war crimes prosecutions against Hitler and other Axis war criminals based on a popular movement for justice that stretched from Poland to the Pacific. These cases provide a great foundation for twenty-first-century human rights and accompany the achievements of the Nuremberg trials and postwar conventions. They include indictments of perpetrators of the Holocaust made while the death camps were still operating, which confounds the conventional wisdom that there was no official Allied response to the Holocaust at the time. This history also brings long overdue credit to the United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC), which operated during and after World War II. From the 1940s until a recent lobbying effort by Plesch and colleagues, the UNWCC’s files were kept out of public view in the UN archives under pressure from the US government. The book answers why the commission and its files were closed and reveals that the lost precedents set by these cases have enormous practical utility for prosecuting war crimes today. They cover US and Allied prosecutions of torture, including “water treatment,” wartime sexual assault, and crimes by foot soldiers who were “just following orders.” Plesch’s book will fascinate anyone with an interest in the history of the Second World War as well as provide ground-breaking revelations for historians and human rights practitioners alike.

Chinese Comfort Women

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199373914
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Chinese Comfort Women by : Peipei Qiu

Download or read book Chinese Comfort Women written by Peipei Qiu and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-05-01 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Asia-Pacific War, the Japanese military forced hundreds of thousands of women across Asia into "comfort stations" where they were repeatedly raped and tortured. Japanese imperial forces claimed they recruited women to join these stations in order to prevent the mass rape of local women and the spread of venereal disease among soldiers. In reality, these women were kidnapped and coerced into sexual slavery. Comfort stations institutionalized rape, and these "comfort women" were subjected to atrocities that have only recently become the subject of international debate. Chinese Comfort Women: Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves features the personal narratives of twelve women forced into sexual slavery when the Japanese military occupied their hometowns. Beginning with their prewar lives and continuing through their enslavement to their postwar struggles for justice, these interviews reveal that the prolonged suffering of the comfort station survivors was not contained to wartime atrocities but was rather a lifelong condition resulting from various social, political, and cultural factors. In addition, their stories bring to light several previously hidden aspects of the comfort women system: the ransoms the occupation army forced the victims' families to pay, the various types of improvised comfort stations set up by small military units throughout the battle zones and occupied regions, and the sheer scope of the military sexual slavery-much larger than previously assumed. The personal narratives of these survivors combined with the testimonies of witnesses, investigative reports, and local histories also reveal a correlation between the proliferation of the comfort stations and the progression of Japan's military offensive. The first English-language account of its kind, Chinese Comfort Women exposes the full extent of the injustices suffered by these women and the conditions that caused them.

The Rape of Nanking

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Author :
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 046502825X
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rape of Nanking by : Iris Chang

Download or read book The Rape of Nanking written by Iris Chang and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2014-03-11 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times bestselling account of one of history's most brutal—and forgotten—massacres, when the Japanese army destroyed China's capital city on the eve of World War II, "piecing together the abundant eyewitness reports into an undeniable tapestry of horror". (Adam Hochschild, Salon) In December 1937, one of the most horrific atrocities in the long annals of wartime barbarity occurred. The Japanese army swept into the ancient city of Nanking (what was then the capital of China), and within weeks, more than 300,000 Chinese civilians and soldiers were systematically raped, tortured, and murdered. In this seminal work, Iris Chang, whose own grandparents barely escaped the massacre, tells this history from three perspectives: that of the Japanese soldiers, that of the Chinese, and that of a group of Westerners who refused to abandon the city and created a safety zone, which saved almost 300,000 Chinese. Drawing on extensive interviews with survivors and documents brought to light for the first time, Iris Chang's classic book is the definitive history of this horrifying episode.

The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography

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Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520220065
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography by : Joshua A. Fogel

Download or read book The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography written by Joshua A. Fogel and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compelling historiographic study of the Rape of Nanjing during the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945, one of the worst atrocities of all times, and of the event's repercussions.