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Creating Incentives For Private Infrastructure Company To Become More Efficient
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Book Synopsis Creating Incentives for Private Infrastructure Company to Become More Efficient by : Ian Alexander
Download or read book Creating Incentives for Private Infrastructure Company to Become More Efficient written by Ian Alexander and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mastering the Risky Business of Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure by : Manal Fouad
Download or read book Mastering the Risky Business of Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure written by Manal Fouad and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-05-10 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investment in infrastructure can be a driving force of the economic recovery in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of shrinking fiscal space. Public-private partnerships (PPP) bring a promise of efficiency when carefully designed and managed, to avoid creating unnecessary fiscal risks. But fiscal illusions prevent an understanding the sources of fiscal risks, which arise in all infrastructure projects, and that in PPPs present specific characteristics that need to be addressed. PPP contracts are also affected by implicit fiscal risks when they are poorly designed, particularly when a government signs a PPP contract for a project with no financial sustainability. This paper reviews the advantages and inconveniences of PPPs, discusses the fiscal illusions affecting them, identifies a diversity of fiscal risks, and presents the essentials of PPP fiscal risk management.
Book Synopsis Reforming Infrastructure by : Ioannis Nicolaos Kessides
Download or read book Reforming Infrastructure written by Ioannis Nicolaos Kessides and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electricity, natural gas, telecommunications, railways, and water supply, are often vertically and horizontally integrated state monopolies. This results in weak services, especially in developing and transition economies, and for poor people. Common problems include low productivity, high costs, bad quality, insufficient revenue, and investment shortfalls. Many countries over the past two decades have restructured, privatized and regulated their infrastructure. This report identifies the challenges involved in this massive policy redirection. It also assesses the outcomes of these changes, as well as their distributional consequences for poor households and other disadvantaged groups. It recommends directions for future reforms and research to improve infrastructure performance, identifying pricing policies that strike a balance between economic efficiency and social equity, suggesting rules governing access to bottleneck infrastructure facilities, and proposing ways to increase poor people's access to these crucial services.
Download or read book World Development Report 1994 written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Development Report 1994 examines the link between infrastructure and development and explores ways in which developing countries can improve both the provision and the quality of infrastructure services. In recent decades, developing countries have made substantial investments in infrastructure, achieving dramatic gains for households and producers by expanding their access to services such as safe water, sanitation, electric power, telecommunications, and transport. Even more infrastructure investment and expansion are needed in order to extend the reach of services - especially to people living in rural areas and to the poor. But as this report shows, the quantity of investment cannot be the exclusive focus of policy. Improving the quality of infrastructure service also is vital. Both quantity and quality improvements are essential to modernize and diversify production, help countries compete internationally, and accommodate rapid urbanization. The report identifies the basic cause of poor past performance as inadequate institutional incentives for improving the provision of infrastructure. To promote more efficient and responsive service delivery, incentives need to be changed through commercial management, competition, and user involvement. Several trends are helping to improve the performance of infrastructure. First, innovation in technology and in the regulatory management of markets makes more diversity possible in the supply of services. Second, an evaluation of the role of government is leading to a shift from direct government provision of services to increasing private sector provision and recent experience in many countries with public-private partnerships is highlighting new ways to increase efficiency and expand services. Third, increased concern about social and environmental sustainability has heightened public interest in infrastructure design and performance.
Book Synopsis Can Capital Markets Create Incentives for Pollution Control? by : Paul Lanoie
Download or read book Can Capital Markets Create Incentives for Pollution Control? written by Paul Lanoie and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Making Sense of Incentives by : Timothy J. Bartik
Download or read book Making Sense of Incentives written by Timothy J. Bartik and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bartik provides a clear and concise overview of how state and local governments employ economic development incentives in order to lure companies to set up shop—and provide new jobs—in needy local labor markets. He shows that many such incentive offers are wasteful and he provides guidance, based on decades of research, on how to improve these programs.
Book Synopsis Using Economic Policy to Improve Environmental Protection in Pakistan by : Rashid Faruqee
Download or read book Using Economic Policy to Improve Environmental Protection in Pakistan written by Rashid Faruqee and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Private Finance for Development by : Hilary Devine
Download or read book Private Finance for Development written by Hilary Devine and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-05-14 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Covid-19 pandemic has aggravated the tension between large development needs in infrastructure and scarce public resources. To alleviate this tension and promote a strong and job-rich recovery from the crisis, Africa needs to mobilize more financing from and to the private sector.
Book Synopsis The Peacekeeping Economy by : Lloyd J. Dumas
Download or read book The Peacekeeping Economy written by Lloyd J. Dumas and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea that military strength is virtually synonymous with security is deeply entrenched and widely held. But while the threat or use of military force may sometimes be necessary, it cannot keep us as safe as we would be by building relationships that replace hostility with a sense of mutual purpose and mutual gain. Economic relationships, says Lloyd J. Dumas, can offer a far more effective, and far less costly, means of maintaining security. After defining the right kind of economic relationship--one that is balanced and nonexploitative, emphasizes development, and minimizes environmental damage--Dumas then addresses some practical concerns in establishing and maintaining these relationships. He also considers the practical problems of the transition from military-based security arrangements to "economic peacekeeping," and the effects of demilitarized security on economic development and prosperity.
Book Synopsis Safe and Sound Banking in Developing Countries by : Gerard Caprio
Download or read book Safe and Sound Banking in Developing Countries written by Gerard Caprio and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis World Bank Policy Research Bulletin by : World Bank
Download or read book World Bank Policy Research Bulletin written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How China's Government and State Enterprises Partitioned Property and Control Rights by : Lixin Colin Xu
Download or read book How China's Government and State Enterprises Partitioned Property and Control Rights written by Lixin Colin Xu and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis When is Foreign Aid Policy Credible? by : Jakob Svensson
Download or read book When is Foreign Aid Policy Credible? written by Jakob Svensson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis World Crude Oil Resources by : Gordon Campbell Watkins
Download or read book World Crude Oil Resources written by Gordon Campbell Watkins and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Has Agricultural Trade Liberalization Improved Welfare in the Least-developed Countries? by : Merlinda D. Ingco
Download or read book Has Agricultural Trade Liberalization Improved Welfare in the Least-developed Countries? written by Merlinda D. Ingco and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the gains from multilateral liberalization come from the countries' own liberalization efforts. Least-developed countries that failed to liberalize their trade policy lost the opportunity for gains that the Uruguay Round made possible. Ingco evaluates the progress in agricultural liberalization - and the welfare effects for least-developed and net food-importing countries - as a result of agricultural price shocks resulting from the Uruguay Round. She finds that: * The changes in welfare are significantly affected by the structure of trade and distortions in the domestic economy. * Although many economies are hurt by increases in world prices, losses in terms of trade are small relative to total GDP. Only in a few countries does the estimated welfare change constitute more than 1 percent of GDP. * In several countries, the distortion effects are significantly larger than the terms-of-trade effects. In some cases, the distortion effects work in opposition to the terms-of-trade effects and are large enough to reverse the sign of the net welfare change. In short, removing policy distortions could convert the small loss in terms of trade to potential gains. But many least-developed, net food-importing countries did not use the Round to support domestic efforts at trade reform. As most studies show, most gains from multilateral liberalization come from the countries' own liberalization efforts, so countries that failed to liberalize their trade policy lost the opportunity for gains. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to evaluate the effects of trade liberalization with special focus on least-developed and net-food importing developing countries.
Book Synopsis Applying Economic Analysis to Technical Assistance Projects by : Gary McMahon
Download or read book Applying Economic Analysis to Technical Assistance Projects written by Gary McMahon and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: April 1997 Although there is rarely any quantitative economic analysis of technical assistance loans or loan components, the author estimates that roughly 60 percent of the technical assistance in a sample of 40 projects was suitable for quantitative analysis. He also estimates that 80 percent of the technical assistance in the investment loans in his sample was not necessary for project implementation. Moreover, technical assistance was excluded from calculations of the economic rate of return, raising questions about its justification. McMahon recommends using more quantitative economic analysis in appraising technical assistance loans and loan components. After giving a brief history of technical assistance and the problems commonly associated with it, he describes classifications of technical assistance, proposes a new typology to be used for project appraisal, suggests methods for screening projects, and discusses different levels of economic analysis. He shows how the typology and economic analysis could be applied to 40 projects in the Europe and Central Asia region. Although some of the suggested approaches are sophisticated and demanding, much of it relies on fairly simple techniques. McMahon estimates that roughly 60 percent of the technical assistance in his sample was suitable for quantitative analysis. Using four case studies, he demonstrates how quantitative economic analysis could be used more frequently in the appraisal process. McMahon recommends that all technical assistance be classified according to the methodology suitable for its appraisal and evaluation. In cases in which little or no quantitative analysis is used, the staff officer can and should provide a justification - in which case it should still be possible to conceptualize the problem in economic terms. Essential technical assistance should be included when calculating the economic rate of return on a project. When technical assistance is excluded from this calculation, a strong justification for such assistance should be given or it should be omitted from the project. In his sample McMahon estimates that about 80 percent of the technical assistance in investment projects was not essential for project implementation. In the 12 projects for which an economic rate of return was calculated in the appraisal, the technical assistance was not included in the estimate - even though 53 percent of this technical assistance was deemed necessary to the project. This paper - a product of the Public Economics Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to study the effectiveness of foreign aid.
Book Synopsis Economic Analysis and Infrastructure Investment by : Edward L. Glaeser
Download or read book Economic Analysis and Infrastructure Investment written by Edward L. Glaeser and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Policy-makers often call for expanding public spending on infrastructure, which includes a broad range of investments from roads and bridges to digital networks that will expand access to high-speed broadband. Some point to near-term macro-economic benefits and job creation, others focus on long-term effects on productivity and economic growth. This volume explores the links between infrastructure spending and economic outcomes, as well as key economic issues in the funding and management of infrastructure projects. It draws together research studies that describe the short-run stimulus effects of infrastructure spending, develop new estimates of the stock of U.S. infrastructure capital, and explore the incentive aspects of public-private partnerships (PPPs). A salient issue is the treatment of risk in evaluating publicly-funded infrastructure projects and in connection with PPPs. The goal of the volume is to provide a reference for researchers seeking to expand research on infrastructure issues, and for policy-makers tasked with determining the appropriate level of infrastructure spending"--
