Countering The Problem Of Falsified And Substandard Drugs

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Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309269393
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adulteration and fraudulent manufacture of medicines is an old problem, vastly aggravated by modern manufacturing and trade. In the last decade, impotent antimicrobial drugs have compromised the treatment of many deadly diseases in poor countries. More recently, negligent production at a Massachusetts compounding pharmacy sickened hundreds of Americans. While the national drugs regulatory authority (hereafter, the regulatory authority) is responsible for the safety of a country's drug supply, no single country can entirely guarantee this today. The once common use of the term counterfeit to describe any drug that is not what it claims to be is at the heart of the argument. In a narrow, legal sense a counterfeit drug is one that infringes on a registered trademark. The lay meaning is much broader, including any drug made with intentional deceit. Some generic drug companies and civil society groups object to calling bad medicines counterfeit, seeing it as the deliberate conflation of public health and intellectual property concerns. Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs accepts the narrow meaning of counterfeit, and, because the nuances of trademark infringement must be dealt with by courts, case by case, the report does not discuss the problem of counterfeit medicines.

Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs

Author : Committee on Understanding the Global Public Health Implications of Substandard, Falsified, and Counterfeit Medical Products
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309387804
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (878 download)

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Book Synopsis Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs by : Committee on Understanding the Global Public Health Implications of Substandard, Falsified, and Counterfeit Medical Products

Download or read book Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs written by Committee on Understanding the Global Public Health Implications of Substandard, Falsified, and Counterfeit Medical Products and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The adulteration and fraudulent manufacture of medicines is an old problem, vastly aggravated by modern manufacturing and trade. In the last decade, impotent antimicrobial drugs have compromised the treatment of many deadly diseases in poor countries. More recently, negligent production at a Massachusetts compounding pharmacy sickened hundreds of Americans. While the national drugs regulatory authority (hereafter, the regulatory authority) is responsible for the safety of a country's drug supply, no single country can entirely guarantee this today. The once common use of the term counterfeit to describe any drug that is not what it claims to be is at the heart of the argument. In a narrow, legal sense a counterfeit drug is one that infringes on a registered trademark. The lay meaning is much broader, including any drug made with intentional deceit. Some generic drug companies and civil society groups object to calling bad medicines counterfeit, seeing it as the deliberate conflation of public health and intellectual property concerns. Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs accepts the narrow meaning of counterfeit, and, because the nuances of trademark infringement must be dealt with by courts, case by case, the report does not discuss the problem of counterfeit medicines.

Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Applications

Author : Richard A. Crocombe
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119636434
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Applications by : Richard A. Crocombe

Download or read book Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Applications written by Richard A. Crocombe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-28 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive resource available on the many applications of portable spectrometers, including material not found in any other published work Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry: Volume Two is an authoritative and up-to-date compendium of the diverse applications for portable spectrometers across numerous disciplines. Whereas Volume One focuses on the specific technologies of the portable spectrometers themselves, Volume Two explores the use of portable instruments in wide range of fields, including pharmaceutical development, clinical research, food analysis, forensic science, geology, astrobiology, cultural heritage and archaeology. Volume Two features contributions by a multidisciplinary team of experts with hands-on experience using portable instruments in their respective areas of expertise. Organized both by instrumentation type and by scientific or technical discipline, 21 detailed chapters cover various applications of portable ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), infrared and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, Raman and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, smartphone spectroscopy, and many others. Filling a significant gap in literature on the subject, the second volume of Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry: Features a significant amount of content published for the first time, or not available in existing literature Brings together work by authors with assorted backgrounds and fields of study Discusses the central role of applications in portable instrument development Covers the algorithms, calibrations, and libraries that are of critical importance to successful applications of portable instruments Includes chapters on portable spectroscopy applications in areas such as the military, agriculture and feed, hazardous materials (HazMat), art conservation, and environmental science Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry: Volume Two is an indispensable resource for developers of portable instruments in universities, research institutes, instrument companies, civilian and government purchasers, trainers, operators of portable instruments, and educators and students in portable spectroscopy courses.

Drug Safety in Developing Countries

Author : Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128204125
Total Pages : 656 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Drug Safety in Developing Countries by : Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi

Download or read book Drug Safety in Developing Countries written by Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug Safety in Developing Countries: Achievements and Challenges provides comprehensive information on drug safety issues in developing countries. Drug safety practice in developing countries varies substantially from country to country. This can lead to a rise in adverse reactions and a lack of reporting can exasperate the situation and lead to negative medical outcomes. This book documents the history and development of drug safety systems, pharmacovigilance centers and activities in developing countries, describing their current situation and achievements of drug safety practice. Further, using extensive case studies, the book addresses the challenges of drug safety in developing countries. Provides a single resource for educators, professionals, researchers, policymakers, organizations and other readers with comprehensive information and a guide on drug safety related issues Describes current achievements of drug safety practice in developing countries Addresses the challenges of drug safety in developing countries Provides recommendations, including practical ways to implement strategies and overcome challenges surrounding drug safety

Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries

Author : Aníbal de J. Sosa
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387893709
Total Pages : 554 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (878 download)

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Book Synopsis Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries by : Aníbal de J. Sosa

Download or read book Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries written by Aníbal de J. Sosa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-08 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avoiding infection has always been expensive. Some human populations escaped tropical infections by migrating into cold climates but then had to procure fuel, warm clothing, durable housing, and crops from a short growing season. Waterborne infections were averted by owning your own well or supporting a community reservoir. Everyone got vaccines in rich countries, while people in others got them later if at all. Antimicrobial agents seemed at first to be an exception. They did not need to be delivered through a cold chain and to everyone, as vaccines did. They had to be given only to infected patients and often then as relatively cheap injectables or pills off a shelf for only a few days to get astonishing cures. Antimicrobials not only were better than most other innovations but also reached more of the world’s people sooner. The problem appeared later. After each new antimicrobial became widely used, genes expressing resistance to it began to emerge and spread through bacterial populations. Patients infected with bacteria expressing such resistance genes then failed treatment and remained infected or died. Growing resistance to antimicrobial agents began to take away more and more of the cures that the agents had brought.

Drug Utilization Research

Author : Monique Elseviers
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118949781
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis Drug Utilization Research by : Monique Elseviers

Download or read book Drug Utilization Research written by Monique Elseviers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-31 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug Utilization Research (DUR) is an eclectic scientific discipline, integrating descriptive and analytical methods for the quantification, understanding and evaluation of the processes of prescribing, dispensing and consumption of medicines and for the testing of interventions to enhance the quality of these processes. The discipline is closely related and linked mainly to the broader field of pharmacoepidemiology, but also to health outcomes research, pharmacovigilance and health economics. Drug Utilization Research is a unique, practical guide to the assessment and evaluation of prescribing practices and to interventions to improve the use of medicines in populations. Edited by an international expert team from the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE), DUR is the only title to cover both the methodology and applications of drug utilization research and covers areas such as health policy, specific populations, therapeutics and adherence.

Report of the International Narcotics Control Board (2008)

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 143791361X
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Report of the International Narcotics Control Board (2008) by :

Download or read book Report of the International Narcotics Control Board (2008) written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illicit drug supply and demand are inextricably linked components of a single phenomenon. Contents of this 2007 report by the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB): (1) The International Drug Control Conventions: History, Achievements and Challenges; (2) Operation of the International Drug Control System; (3) Analysis of the World Situation; (4) Recommendations to Governments, the United Nations and Other Relevant International and Regional Organizations. Annexes: (1) Regional Groupings Used in the Report of the INCB for 2008; (2) Current Membership of the INCB.

Ensuring Safe Foods and Medical Products Through Stronger Regulatory Systems Abroad

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030922408X
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Ensuring Safe Foods and Medical Products Through Stronger Regulatory Systems Abroad by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Ensuring Safe Foods and Medical Products Through Stronger Regulatory Systems Abroad written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-09-03 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A very high portion of the seafood we eat comes from abroad, mainly from China and Southeast Asia, and most of the active ingredients in medicines we take originate in other countries. Many low- and middle-income countries have lower labor costs and fewer and less stringent environmental regulations than the United States, making them attractive places to produce food and chemical ingredients for export. Safe Foods and Medical Products Through Stronger Regulatory Systems Abroad explains that the diversity and scale of imports makes it impractical for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) border inspections to be sufficient to ensure product purity and safety, and incidents such as American deaths due to adulterated heparin imported from China propelled the problem into public awareness. The Institute of Medicine Committee on Strengthening Core Elements of Regulatory Systems in Developing Countries took up the vital task of helping the FDA to cope with the reality that so much of the food, drugs, biologics, and medical products consumed in the United States originate in countries with less-robust regulatory systems. Ensuring Safe Foods and Medical Products Through Stronger Regulatory Systems Abroad describes the ways the United States can help strengthen regulatory systems in low and middle income countries and promote cross-border partnerships - including government, industry, and academia - to foster regulatory science and build a core of regulatory professionals. This report also emphasizes an array of practical approaches to ensure sound regulatory practices in today's interconnected world.

Bitter Pills

Author : Muhammad H. Zaman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190219459
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Bitter Pills by : Muhammad H. Zaman

Download or read book Bitter Pills written by Muhammad H. Zaman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long the scourge of developing countries, fake pills are now increasingly common in the United States. The explosion of Internet commerce, coupled with globalization and increased pharmaceutical use has led to an unprecedented vulnerability in the U.S. drug supply. Today, an estimated 80% of our drugs are manufactured overseas, mostly in India and China. Every link along this supply chain offers an opportunity for counterfeiters, and increasingly, they are breaking in. In 2008, fake doses of the blood thinner Heparin killed 81 people worldwide and resulted in hundreds of severe allergic reactions in the United States. In 2012, a counterfeit version of the cancer drug Avastin, containing no active chemotherapy ingredient, was widely distributed in the United States. In early 2013, a drug trafficker named Francis Ortiz Gonzalez was sentenced to prison for distributing an assortment of counterfeit, Chinese-made pharmaceuticals across America. By the time he was arrested, he had already sold over 140,000 fake pills to customers. Even when the U.S. system works, as it mostly does, consumers are increasingly circumventing the safeguards. Skyrocketing health care costs in the U.S. have forced more Americans to become "medical tourists" seeking drugs, life-saving treatments and transplants abroad, sometimes in countries with rampant counterfeit drug problems and no FDA. Bitter Pills will heighten the public's awareness about counterfeit drugs, critically examine possible solutions, and help people protect themselves. Author Muhammad H. Zaman pays special attention to the science and engineering behind both counterfeit and legitimate drugs, and the role of a "technological fix" for the fake drug problem. Increasingly, fake drugs affect us all.

Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309142393
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States by : National Research Council

Download or read book Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.

Illicit Trade Misuse of Small Parcels for Trade in Counterfeit Goods Facts and Trends

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264307850
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (643 download)

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Book Synopsis Illicit Trade Misuse of Small Parcels for Trade in Counterfeit Goods Facts and Trends by : OECD

Download or read book Illicit Trade Misuse of Small Parcels for Trade in Counterfeit Goods Facts and Trends written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the potential for the misuse of small parcels for trade in counterfeit and pirated goods. It presents the legal and economic contexts of the operation of express and postal services. It also looks at the available data on volumes of small consignments, via postal and courier ...

Effective Drug Regulation

Author : Ratanawijitrasin S
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241562064
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Effective Drug Regulation by : Ratanawijitrasin S

Download or read book Effective Drug Regulation written by Ratanawijitrasin S and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2002-06 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seven independent variables were used including the five financing instruments, the firm's ordinary debt, and the firm's operating risk.

Ten years in public health 2007-2017

Author : Margaret Chan
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 924151244X
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Ten years in public health 2007-2017 by : Margaret Chan

Download or read book Ten years in public health 2007-2017 written by Margaret Chan and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten years in public health 2007-2017 chronicles the evolution of global public health over the decade that Margaret Chan served as Director-General at the World Health Organization. This series of chapters evaluates successes setbacks and enduring challenges during the decade. They show what needs to be done when progress stalls or new threats emerge. The chapters show how WHO technical leadership can get multiple partners working together in tandem under coherent strategies. The importance of country leadership and community engagement is stressed repeatedly throughout the chapters. Together we have made tremendous progress. Health and life expectancy have improved nearly everywhere. Millions of lives have been saved. The number of people dying from malaria and HIV has been cut in half. WHO efforts to stop TB saved 49 million lives since the start of this century. In 2015 the number of child deaths dropped below 6 million for the first time a 50% decrease in annual deaths since 1990. Every day 19 000 fewer children die. We are able to count these numbers because of the culture of measurement and accountability instilled in WHO. These chapters tell a powerful story of global challenges and how they have been overcome. In a world facing considerable uncertainty international health development is a unifying – and uplifting – force for the good of humanity.

Advanced Computing Technologies and Applications

Author : Hari Vasudevan
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811532427
Total Pages : 686 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Computing Technologies and Applications by : Hari Vasudevan

Download or read book Advanced Computing Technologies and Applications written by Hari Vasudevan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-06 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features selected papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies and Applications, held at SVKM’s Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College of Engineering, Mumbai, India, from 28 to 29 February 2020. Covering recent advances in next-generation computing, the book focuses on recent developments in intelligent computing, such as linguistic computing, statistical computing, data computing and ambient applications.

Saving Lives, Buying Time

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309165938
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Saving Lives, Buying Time by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Saving Lives, Buying Time written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africaâ€"currently just over one million per yearâ€"are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called "artemisinins" are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.

Regulating Medicines in a Globalized World

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309498635
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulating Medicines in a Globalized World by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Regulating Medicines in a Globalized World written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-04-25 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization is rapidly changing lives and industries around the world. Drug development, authorization, and regulatory supervision have become international endeavors, with most medicines becoming global commodities. Drug companies utilize global supply chains that often include facilities in countries with inconsistent regulations from those of the United States, perform pivotal trials in multiple countries to support registration submissions in various jurisdictions, and subsequently market their medicines throughout most of the world. These companies operate across borders and require individual national regulators to ensure that drugs authorized for use in their countries are safe and effective, and appropriate for their health care system and their population. This process involves significant resources and often duplicative work. It is important to consider how this process can be improved in order to better allocate resources, time, and efforts to improve public health. Regulating Medicines in a Globalized World: The Need for Increased Reliance Among Regulators considers the role of mutual recognition and other reliance activities among regulators in contributing to enhancing public health. This report identifies opportunities for leveraging reliance activities more broadly in order to potentially impact public health globally. Key topics in this report include the job of medicines regulators in today's world, what policy makers need to know about today's regulatory environment, stakeholder views of recognition and reliance, as well as removing impediments and facilitating action for greater recognition and reliance among regulatory authorities.

Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241547928
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The purpose of this document is to provide comprehensible, global, evidence-based guidelines to help formulate policies and protocols for the treatment of malaria. Information is presented on the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, including disease in special groups (young children, pregnant women, people who are HIV positive, travellers from non-malaria endemic regions) and in complex emergency situations and severe malaria."--Publisher's description.