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Conversion Of Coal Wastes Into Waste Cleaning Materials Quarterly Progress Report January 1 1997 March 31 1997
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Book Synopsis Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, January 1, 1997--March 31, 1997 by :
Download or read book Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, January 1, 1997--March 31, 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, we present more detailed study on the microstructure and chemical compositions of the MCM-41 phase converted from Conemiaugh ash. The converted mesoporous material was analyzed by TEM and the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy in the TEM. This part of the work was done in collaboration with Princeton University. The hexagonal mesoporous structure was found to have a pore size about 26. 1 Å with a Si/Al mole ratio of 13.4. In addition, we studied the conversion of several other fly ashes with a wide range of chemical compositions to mesoporous aluminosilicates. It was found that both Eddystone and Goudey fly ashes can be successfully converted into MCM-41 aluminosilicates. Moreover, besides working on the synthesis of aluminosilicate mesoporous materials by fusion of fly ash and Ca(OH)2 powder. The nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and XRD patterns of this mesoporous material using Ca(OH)2 were similar to those of mesoporous material using NaOH. It is not clear at the moment whether the mesoporous materials using Ca(OH)2 contains any Ca or not. If it odes, then the mesoporous materials synthesized with Ca(OH)2 may be very useful for SO2/NO gas adsorption in pollutant emission control by the reaction between those gases with Ca.
Book Synopsis Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, January 1, 1995-January 31, 1995 by :
Download or read book Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, January 1, 1995-January 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, August 1-December 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, August 1-December 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, January 1--March 31, 1996 by :
Download or read book Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, January 1--March 31, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is shown that fly ash can be used to participate in the formation of mesoporous materials. The dissolution of silicate species changes the surfactant/Si molar ratio in the silicate-surfactant solutions precipitating the MCM-41 phase. The current results demonstrate that fly ash can be used to form mesoporous materials and the impurities in the fly ash is not detrimental to the formation of MCM-41 phase. Although the MCM-41 phase can be formed with fly ash in the silicate-surfactant solutions, no MCM-41 phase can be made with solutions of surfactant/Si=0.35. The study so far indicates that fly ash has the potential to be used to form mesoporous materials. However, in order to make further progress, the concentration of silicate and aluminate species in the solutions needs to be controlled. In other words, the chemistry of the fly ash solutions needs to be studied in more detail. In the next few months, the authors plan to study the effects of using different fly ash solutions for the formation of zeolites as the first step in controlling the chemistry of fly ash solutions. Once the chemical composition of the fly ash can be controlled, it may be possible to increase the amount of participation of fly ash to the formation of mesoporous materials.
Book Synopsis Conversion of Coal Wastes in to Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, July 1, 1995 - September 30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Conversion of Coal Wastes in to Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, July 1, 1995 - September 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, April 1, 1995-June 30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, April 1, 1995-June 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, July 1, 1996--September 30, 1996 by :
Download or read book Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, July 1, 1996--September 30, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few months we have been working on the conversion of various fly ashes into zeolites. It was reported in the last report that by fusing fly ash with sodium hydroxide, all fly ashes that were studied can be converted into zeolites. Apparently, the fusion between the fly ash and sodium hydroxide produced sodium silicates which dissolve more readily than fly ash itself. The higher concentration of silicates within the solutions enhances the formation of zeolites. In this report, we summarize the results on the ion-exchange behavior of those treated fly ash with Cs, Co{sup 2+} and Cu{sup 2+} ions as well as the characterization of the concentration of Si, Al, and Na in the curing solutions.
Book Synopsis Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, October 1--December 31, 1995 by :
Download or read book Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-cleaning Materials. Quarterly Progress Report, October 1--December 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors have been investigating the conversion of fly ash into mesoporous materials in the last several months. Although lamellar phase has been observed, the hexagonal phase has not. According to the literature, only the hexagonal phase survives after calcination. Therefore, the goal is to synthesize hexagonal mesoporous materials with fly ash. It was pointed out by Chen et al. that the Si/Al molar ratio in the precursor solution must be larger than 74 in order for the hexagonal mesoporous phase (MCM-41) to be formed. On the other hand, the Si/Al molar ratio in the fly ash is lower than 74. In the last three months, the authors did a systematic study on the effect of Si/Al molar ratio on the formation of MCM-41 phase. The Si/Al molar ratio was varied from 148 to 1, the smallest ratio allowed by the Loewenstein rule. It was found that the amount of Al in the precursor solution can be as high as Si/Al=1 without disrupting the formation of aluminosilicate mesoporous materials (MCM-41). As the Si/Al ratio in the precursor solution was varied, the structure and the physical properties of the MCM-41 materials were changed. Lower Si/Al ratios tend to have a smaller shrinkage in the d100-spacing after calcination and have higher X-ray diffraction intensity. Results indicate that as the Al content increases, the MCM-41 materials tend to have a thicker cell wall.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-Cleaning Materials. Fianl Report (8/1/94-12/31/97). by :
Download or read book Conversion of Coal Wastes Into Waste-Cleaning Materials. Fianl Report (8/1/94-12/31/97). written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the beginning part of this project, we successfully converted the fly ash from the Eddystone plant of PECO Energy into faujasites and zeolite A. However, when we used the same approach to convert ashes from other power plants, it was not successful. Because of the differences in chemical compositions between different ashes, the conversion process has to be modified. Therefore the first goal in this project is to find a general method that can convert ashes of a wide variety of chemical compositions into zeolites. The zeolites synthesized from fly ash are then studied for their ion exchange behavior for the application in removing heavy metal ions from waste streams. In an attempt to broaden the applications of fly ash, investigation into the formation of mesoporous materials from fly ash was initiated. Mesoporous materials were discovered three years ago by scientists at Mobil and have been under active research by many researchers since then. Mesoporous materials have large surface areas with variable pore sizes in the range of>20 Å. Potential applications of mesoporous materials include catalysts, absorbents, molecular sieves, etc. If mesoporous materials can be converted from fly ash, it will open up another area of applications for fly ash. The second goal of this project is to convert fly ash into mesoporous materials.
Book Synopsis Micro-agglomeration Flotation for Deep Cleaning of Coal. Quarterly Progress Report, January 1, 1995-March 31, 1995 by :
Download or read book Micro-agglomeration Flotation for Deep Cleaning of Coal. Quarterly Progress Report, January 1, 1995-March 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pelletizing/reslurrying as a Means of Distributing and Firing Clean Coal. Final Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 7, January 1, 1992-- March 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Pelletizing/reslurrying as a Means of Distributing and Firing Clean Coal. Final Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 7, January 1, 1992-- March 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work in this quarter focused on completing (1) the final batch of pilot-scale disk pellets, (2) storage, handling, and transportation evaluation, (3) pellet reslurrying and atomization studies, and (4) cost estimation for pellet and slurry production. Disk pelletization of Elkhorn coal was completed this quarter. Pellets were approximately 1/2- to 3/4-in. in diameter. Pellets, after thermal curing were strong and durable and exceeded the pellet acceptance criteria. Storage and handling tests indicate a strong, durable pellet can be prepared from all coals, and these pellets (with the appropriate binder) can withstand outdoor, exposed storage for at least 4 weeks. Pellets in unexposed storage show no deterioration in pellet properties. Real and simulated transportation tests indicate truck transportation should generate less than 5 percent fines during transport. Continuous reslurrying testing and subsequent atomization evaluation were performed this quarter in association with University of Alabama and Jim Walter Resources. Four different slurries of approximately 55-percent-solids with viscosities below 500 cP (at 100 sec−1) were prepared. Both continuous pellet-to-slurry production and atomization testing was successfully demonstrated. Finally, an in depth evaluation of the cost to prepare pellets, transport, handle, store, and convert the pellet into Coal Water Fuel (CWF) slurries was completed. Cost of the pellet-CWF option are compared with the cost to directly convert clean coal filter cake into slurry and transport, handle and store it at the user site. Findings indicate that in many circumstances, the pellet-CWF option would be the preferred choice. The decision depends on the plant size and transportation distance, and to a lesser degree on the pelletization technique and the coal selected.
Book Synopsis Descriptive Particulars. The Historic and World-famed Battle Abbey, and Domain ... which Will be Offered for Sale by Auction ... on Tuesday, the 26th of November, 1901, Etc. [With Plates and Plans.]. by :
Download or read book Descriptive Particulars. The Historic and World-famed Battle Abbey, and Domain ... which Will be Offered for Sale by Auction ... on Tuesday, the 26th of November, 1901, Etc. [With Plates and Plans.]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Engineering Development of Advanced Physical Fine Coal Cleaning for Premium Fuel Applications. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 6, January--March 1994 by :
Download or read book Engineering Development of Advanced Physical Fine Coal Cleaning for Premium Fuel Applications. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 6, January--March 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project is a major step in the Department of Energy's program to show that ultra-clean coal-water slurry fuel (CWF) can be produced from selected coals and that this premium fuel will be a cost-effectve replacement for oil and natural gas now fueling some of the industrial and utility boilers in the United States as well as for advanced combustars currently under development. The replacement of oil and gas with CWF can only be realized if retrofit costs are kept to a minimum and retrofit boiler emissions meet national goals fbr clean air. These concerns establish the specifications for maximum ash and sulfur levels and combustion properties of the CWF. This cost-share contract is a 51-month program which started on September 30, 1992. This report discusses the technical progress, made during the 6th quarter of the project from January 1 to March 31, 1994. The project has three major objectives: (1) The primary objective is to develop the design base for prototype commercial advanced fine coal cleaning facilities capable of producing ultra-clean coals suitable for conversion to coal-water slurry fuel for premium fuel applications. The fine coal cleaning technologies are advanced column flotation and selective agglomeration. (2) A secondary objective is to develop the design base for near-term application of these advanced fine coal cleaning technologies in new or existing coal preparation plants for efficiently processing minus 28-mesh coal fines and converting this to marketable products in current market economics. (3) A third objective is to determine the removal of toxic trace elements from coal by advance column flotation and selective agglomeration technologies.
Book Synopsis Photochemical Coal Dissolution. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1--March 31, 1996 by :
Download or read book Photochemical Coal Dissolution. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1--March 31, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As mentioned in the report on the previous quarter, the authors have turned their attention to studies of photochemically-induced-charge-transfer phenomena involving aromatic electron donors. Coal is a porous material and it has been demonstrated that there are ground-state charge-transfer-interactions between imbibed TCNE or TCNQ and the automatic systems in bituminous coals. The authors aim to develop a preliminary understanding of the ground and excited state donor-acceptor interactions and the charge-transfer phenomena in porous materials that are better-defined than coals. They are performing background examinations of a set of donors and acceptors in solution by cyclic voltammetry and uv-visible spectroscopy. These preliminary experiments are being followed by systematic studies of the adsorption of the donors and acceptors, individually and together into adjacent supercages of a series of cation-exchanged X- and Y-type faujasite zeolites. Ultraviolet-irradiation of these systems are being performed and electron paramagnetic resonance examination of the samples is being made for the presence of paramagnetic, one-electron, charge-transfer products. In related work performed by students supported by this contract, the authors have reached a good understanding of the interactions and molecular motions of free radical[pi] electron systems in the X- and Y-type faujasite zeolites. Luminescence spectroscopy may also be used to examine the doped zeolite samples in future experiments. The authors have begun to examine the donor-acceptor pairs: diphenylamine-benzophenone, nitroxyl and substituted nitroxyl radical-benzophenone, and aromatic hydrocarbon-unsaturated tetracyano hydrocarbon. The oxidation and reduction potentials and excitation energies of these systems are given. The aromatic hydrocarbon donors span the range of typical aromatic ring sizes found in bituminous, subbituminous and lignite coals.
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