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Contract Farming In Cocoa Value Chains In Africa
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Book Synopsis Contract-Farming in Cocoa Value Chains in Africa by : Lindsey Callahan
Download or read book Contract-Farming in Cocoa Value Chains in Africa written by Lindsey Callahan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cocoa industry is a global multi-billion dollar industry that faces numerous challenges at the farm level. Cocoa is largely grown on smallholder farms in equatorial Africa, which face poverty, declining productivity, volatile prices and lack of funding for investment, as well as human rights and environmental issues. Contract-farming is a value chain model that has been proposed to address many of the challenges faced by cocoa farmers. This paper provides an overview of the cocoa industry, including past and current initiatives to address issues and inequities in the cocoa market, and an overview of current research on contract-farming of cocoa, including an examination of three chocolate companies that source cocoa in Africa using a contract-farming business model: Theo Chocolate (Democratic Republic of Congo), Divine Chocolate (Ghana), and Madécasse (Madagascar). This research finds that contract-farming does offer cocoa farmers the opportunity to receive a higher price point for cocoa, and is more beneficial than industry sustainability programs. There are significant gaps in the research into contract-farming, however, and it is not clear how contract-farming impacts sustainable economic development in the longer term, even when farmers obtain a higher price point for cocoa. Contract-farming may increase risks associated with land tenure insecurity, marginalization of women, and crop monoculture; however, contract-farming can be carried out in a way that mitigates these risks.
Book Synopsis Contract Farming for Inclusive Market Access by : Carlos A. Da Silva
Download or read book Contract Farming for Inclusive Market Access written by Carlos A. Da Silva and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to typify the extent to which contract farming is helping small farmers to access markets and meet increasingly stringent requirements, not only of "modern" food manufacturers, retailers, exporters and food service firms,by also in non-food sectors such as biofuels and forestry. It also seeks to clarify differences in the functionality of contracts depending on commodity, market, technology, public policies and country circumstances. Conceptual issues are discussed and a series of case study appraisals based on real world examples from developing regions are presented. The issuesraised by the case study authors and the key messages synthesized in the initial book chapter bring new insights and contributions to further enrich knowledge on contract farming as a tool for inclusive market access in development countries.
Book Synopsis Turning African Agriculture into a Business A Reader by : OECD
Download or read book Turning African Agriculture into a Business A Reader written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-08-13 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African agriculture is a sleeping giant. Agribusiness remains in its infancy in most sub-Saharan African countries. Many of them now pay higher prices for imported food products and struggle to keep inflationary pressures under control. Given the ...
Book Synopsis Agribusiness in Africa by : Barbara Dinham
Download or read book Agribusiness in Africa written by Barbara Dinham and published by Africa World Press. This book was released on 1984 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251314276 Total Pages :104 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis Changing the terms of women's engagement in cocoa and coffee supply chains by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Changing the terms of women's engagement in cocoa and coffee supply chains written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-05-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, FAO, Twin, KIT and other case holders take a close look at gender inequalities in the cocoa and coffee sectors, and their underlying causes. The included case studies are structured around four themes including: women’s participation and leadership in producer organisations, women’s access to land, the household approach and innovations in extension services. The report also explores how to address inequalities systematically and how to bring the solutions to scale.
Book Synopsis Relevance of a FLEGT-like approach for West and Central African cocoa sustainability by : Sanial, E.
Download or read book Relevance of a FLEGT-like approach for West and Central African cocoa sustainability written by Sanial, E. and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2019-07-15 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical commodities such as timber, oil palm, coffee, soy or cocoa are commonly considered drivers of deforestation. Illegal agricultural land clearing is a debatable concept but it has been responsible for half of tropical deforestation since 2000 (Lawson 2014). Both the private sector and governments have started to acknowledge that some of these supply chains were not fully in compliance with national laws of the countries where products are grown (Lawson, 2015). The FLEGT approach has been designed by the European Union to deal with those two interrelated issues of legality and deforestation. Starting with timber, it encourages forest law enforcement, government and private sector transparency on forest activities, and participation of stakeholders for better governance. The EU also commits to stopping the import of illegal timber through a system of VPA (Voluntary Partnership Agreement) licenses and a due diligence approach. A reflection has started on the relevance of an extension of such a public-public agreement to other commodity chains such as cocoa and on the sustainability potential of legal cocoa in the context of increasing demand for sustainable and “zero-deforestation” cocoa and the private sector publicly making commitments to end deforestation (New York Declaration on Forests 2014). This question is studied in two different contexts: the “rebirth” of the cocoa sector in Cameroon and the post cocoa-boom challenges in Ivory Coast.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :8886449305 Total Pages :258 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (864 download)
Book Synopsis Legal Guide on Contract Farming by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Legal Guide on Contract Farming written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contract farming, broadly understood as agricultural production and marketing carried out under a previous agreement between producers and their buyers, supports the production of a wide range of agricultural commodities and its use is growing in many countries. Mindful of the importance of enhancing knowledge and awareness of the legal regime applicable to contract farming operations, the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), the Food and Agriculture Organizatio n of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) have prepared this UNIDROIT/FAO/IFAD Legal Guide on Contract Farming. The Guide is a useful tool and reference point for a broad range of users involved in contract farming practice, policy design, legal research and capacity building. It can contribute as well to create a favourable, equitable and sustainable environment for contract farming.
Book Synopsis Ethiopian Yearbook of International Law 2018 by : Zeray Yihdego
Download or read book Ethiopian Yearbook of International Law 2018 written by Zeray Yihdego and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EtYIL 2018 comes at a time when multilateralism and its underpinning norms of international law and institutions are under siege. At the same time, in 2018, Africa stood out for upholding multilateralism and international law. From the adoption of the Agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area to the signing of peace agreements that brought to an end two decades of hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia, 2018 was indeed a remarkable year for international law in Africa. EtYIL 2018 covers some of these issues, including the Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission decisions on jus ad bellum, jus in bello, evidentiary and procedural matters and the role of arbitration in upholding the international rule of law. Such new developments as the lifting of UN sanctions against Eritrea and the agreements signed between Eritrea and Ethiopia are also covered in this volume. The volume further devotes considerable attention to other legal issues including: the use and misuse of European patent law to the detriment of developing countries’ interests, sharing transboundary resources, production sharing agreements on extractives , evolving rules governing economic relations between Africa and the European Union in the context of Brexit, contract-farming in the African cocoa and chocolate industry, the International Criminal Court and human rights law, and cyber-attacks and the role of international law in tackling them. These chapters, authored by experts from Africa, Asia, Europe and North America not only bring new and diverse voices to the international law discourse; they also contribute to EtYIL’s overarching goal of contributing to the effort to rebalance the narrative of international law.
Book Synopsis African Economic Outlook 2014 Global Value Chains and Africa's Industrialisation by : African Development Bank
Download or read book African Economic Outlook 2014 Global Value Chains and Africa's Industrialisation written by African Development Bank and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The African Economic Outlook 2014 analyses the continent’s growing role in the world economy and predicts two-year macroeconomic prospects. It details the performance of African economies in crucial areas.
Book Synopsis The Risks of Inclusion by : Anna Laven
Download or read book The Risks of Inclusion written by Anna Laven and published by Kit Pub. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed description and analysis of upgrading opportunities for small-scale cocoa farmers in Ghana. It shows how and why producers do, or do not, benefit from being inserted in a global value chain that is increasingly driven by multinational cocoa processors and chocolate manufacturers. The study contributes to the recent discussions on hybrid governance structures, in which both public and private actors play a role. Ghana provides a unique case because, unlike in other West African countries, its cocoa sector is only partially liberalized. The state still plays a strong role in the cocoa market. As "balancer", the state mitigates some of the risks involved in cocoa production for producers and international buyers of cocoa. However, the state is also a "bottleneck", as it prevents other public, private and civil actors from playing a more active role in the supply chain. The study explores the processes of in- and exclusion of cocoa farmers in value chains and highlights two risks of inclusion. First, for producers the arrangements within the chain are sub-optimal, and do not create incentives for farmers to behave as entrepreneurs. Moreover, farmers do not benefit equally from the arrangements in place. Second, the state is inward oriented and lacks an adaptive approach to global market changes, which entails a risk for the sector as a whole.
Book Synopsis Cocoa Farmers of Southern Ghana, The by : Tsutomu Takane
Download or read book Cocoa Farmers of Southern Ghana, The written by Tsutomu Takane and published by . This book was released on 2002-03 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes how non-price factors, such as land tenure systems and gender relations, influence the production incentives of individual farmers. Considers also the effect of higher real producer prices.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251307113 Total Pages :70 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis Contract farming and public−private partnerships in aquaculture by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Contract farming and public−private partnerships in aquaculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through an array of project outcomes in different countries, this paper demonstrates that contract farming is a “win–win” solution because young workers gain access to markets, while private companies have access to produce without acquiring land or supervising labour.
Download or read book Cocoa Cycles written by François Ruf and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-06-30 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cyclical boom-to-recession nature of the economics of cocoa supply is a major problem for the international cocoa industry - and especially for countries whose economies depend on cocoa exports. Only through an understanding of the dynamics of cocoa cycles can policy decisions be made through the various phases of supply cycles. Based on a major international cocoa conference, this book presents seventeen edited papers from leading experts, making a major contribution to that understanding. It explains the powerful economic, social and political factors which impact on the cocoa economy. It shows the laws of cocoa supply are closely linked to environmental, ecological and institutional factors.
Book Synopsis Innovation for inclusive value-chain development by : Devaux, André
Download or read book Innovation for inclusive value-chain development written by Devaux, André and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-10-21 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments, nongovernmental organizations, donors, and the private sector have increasingly embraced value-chain development (VCD) for stimulating economic growth and combating rural poverty. Innovation for Inclusive Value-Chain Development: Successes and Challenges helps to fill the current gap in systematic knowledge about how well VCD has performed, related trade-offs or undesired effects, and which combinations of VCD elements are most likely to reduce poverty and deliver on overall development goals. This book uses case studies to examine a range of VCD experiences. Approaching the subject from various angles, it looks at new linkages to markets and the role of farmer organizations and contract farming in raising productivity and access to markets, the minimum assets requirement to participate in VCD, the role of multi-stakeholder platforms in VCD, and how to measure and identify successful VCD interventions. The book also explores the challenges livestock-dependent people face; how urbanization and advancing technologies affect linkages; ways to increase gender inclusion and economic growth; and the different roles various types of platforms play in VCD.
Book Synopsis Theobroma Cacao by : Peter Aikpokpodion
Download or read book Theobroma Cacao written by Peter Aikpokpodion and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost five million tonnes of cocoa produced annually drives the US$100 billion global chocolate industry. To sustain the industry, cacao planting materials (seeds and clones) have been successfully moved from the Amazon forests in America to the humid tropical forests of Africa, Asia, and Australia. In more than 150 years of commercial cacao cultivation, smallholder farmers that supply the bulk of cocoa beans still face several production constraints that impede their efficiency. Scientific technologies have therefore been deployed to remove these constraints by ensuring a continuous supply of good quality cocoa beans to meet growing global demand. This book provides insight into these scientific advances to address these current and emerging problems and to assure the sustainability of the global cocoa industry.
Book Synopsis Cocoa Pioneer Fronts since 1800 by : William Gervase Clarence-Smith
Download or read book Cocoa Pioneer Fronts since 1800 written by William Gervase Clarence-Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-11-12 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The livelihood of Third World farmers conflicts with saving the remaining tropical forests. The advantages of growing cocoa in cleared primary forest drive from the fertility of virgin soils and low concentrations of weeds, pests and diseases. The consequent emergence of new 'pioneer fronts' has also been affected by cheap labour, relative commodity prices, pests and diseases, credit resources, entrepreneurship, information, physical infrastructures, and government policies. The dynamism of smallholdings and competitive private marketing over estates and marketing boards is demonstrated.
Download or read book Cocoa Production written by R. A. Lass and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cocoa is produced almost exclusively by developing nations in the tropics. Although it is in many ways a suitable crop for small farmers, yields are seriously reduced by several major pests and diseases. This paper identifies the major constraints, summarizes the present state of knowledge, and suggests priorities for research that would be expected to have the greatest impact at the farm level. Financial constraints and thus lack of continuity in research have hindered progress. The botany, historical development, social aspects, and environmental requirements of cocoa are covered. The agronomy section deals with rehabilitating old cocoa, the role of cocoa in farming systems, and the general husbandry of the crop. This is followed by discussion of cocoa physiology, and the relation of shade and nutritional requirements. There are both economic and social constraints to the adoption of more sophisticated farming systems by small farmers. Research is required to improve current chemical and phytosanitary control measures. While breeding for resistance is the ideal long-term solution, there are many difficulties. Pest management in cocoa is generally inadequate.
