Contemporary Knowledge Engineering and Cognition

Download Contemporary Knowledge Engineering and Cognition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783662198155
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (981 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Contemporary Knowledge Engineering and Cognition by : Franz Schmalhofer

Download or read book Contemporary Knowledge Engineering and Cognition written by Franz Schmalhofer and published by . This book was released on 2014-09-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Contemporary Knowledge Engineering and Cognition

Download Contemporary Knowledge Engineering and Cognition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540557111
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (571 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Contemporary Knowledge Engineering and Cognition by : Franz Schmalhofer

Download or read book Contemporary Knowledge Engineering and Cognition written by Franz Schmalhofer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1992-08-12 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has its source in the question of whether any knowledge engineering tools can be applied or analyzed in cognition research and what insights and methods of cognitive science might be relevant for knowledge engineers. It presents the proceedings of a workshop organized by the Special Interest Groups Cognition and Knowledge Engineering of the German Society for Informatics, held in February 1992 in Kaiserslautern. The book is structured into three parts. The first part contrasts work in knowledge engineering with approaches from the side of the "soft sciences". The second part deals with case-based approaches in expert systems. Cognition research and the cognitive adequacy of expert systems are discussed in the third part. Contributions from Canada, England, France, Switzerland, and the USA demonstrate how knowledge engineering and cognitive science are woven together internationally.

Knowledge Engineering for Modern Information Systems

Download Knowledge Engineering for Modern Information Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110713632
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Knowledge Engineering for Modern Information Systems by : Anand Sharma

Download or read book Knowledge Engineering for Modern Information Systems written by Anand Sharma and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an extensive collection of the recent findings and innovative research in the information system and knowledge engineering domain. Knowledge engineering is a field within artificial intelligence that develops in particular systems that use knowledge, rather than data, to solve many computing problems, that would usually require high levels of human expertise.

Knowledge Engineering

Download Knowledge Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316654184
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (166 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Knowledge Engineering by : Gheorghe Tecuci

Download or read book Knowledge Engineering written by Gheorghe Tecuci and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-08 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a significant advancement in the theory and practice of knowledge engineering, the discipline concerned with the development of intelligent agents that use knowledge and reasoning to perform problem solving and decision-making tasks. It covers the main stages in the development of a knowledge-based agent: understanding the application domain, modeling problem solving in that domain, developing the ontology, learning the reasoning rules, and testing the agent. The book focuses on a special class of agents: cognitive assistants for evidence-based reasoning that learn complex problem-solving expertise directly from human experts, support experts, and nonexperts in problem solving and decision making, and teach their problem-solving expertise to students. A powerful learning agent shell, Disciple-EBR, is included with the book, enabling students, practitioners, and researchers to develop cognitive assistants rapidly in a wide variety of domains that require evidence-based reasoning, including intelligence analysis, cybersecurity, law, forensics, medicine, and education.

Contemporary Research

Download Contemporary Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429861605
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Contemporary Research by : Michael McNeese

Download or read book Contemporary Research written by Michael McNeese and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of Contemporary Research: Models, Methodologies, and Measures in Distributed Team Cognition is to advance knowledge in terms of real-world interactions among information, people, and technologies through explorations and discovery embedded within the research topics covered. Each chapter provides insight, comprehension, and differing yet cogent perspectives to topics relevant within distributed team cognition. Experts present their use of models and frameworks, different approaches to studying distributed team cognition, and new types of measures and indications of successful outcomes. The research topics presented span the continuum of interdisciplinary philosophies, ideas, and concepts that underline research investigation. Features Articulates distributed team cognition principles/constructs within studies, models, methods, and measures Utilizes experimental studies and models as cases to explore new analytical techniques and tools Provides team situation awareness measurement, mental model assessment, conceptual recurrence analysis, quantitative model evaluation, and unobtrusive measures Transforms analytical output from tools/models as a basis for design in collaborative technologies Generates an interdisciplinary approach using multiple methods of inquiry

The Cognitive Psychology of Knowledge

Download The Cognitive Psychology of Knowledge PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080867557
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (675 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Cognitive Psychology of Knowledge by : G. Strube

Download or read book The Cognitive Psychology of Knowledge written by G. Strube and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-10-01 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book is a result of a seven-year (1986-1992) national research program in cognitive science in Germany, presumably the first large scale cognitive science program there. Anchored in psychology, and therefore christened Wissenpsychologie (psychology of knowledge), it has found interdisciplinary resonance, especially in artificial intelligence and education. The research program brought together cognitive scientists from over twenty German universities and more than thirty single projects were funded. The program was initiated by Heinz Mandl and Hans Spada, the main goals of which were to investigate the acquisition of knowledge, the access to knowledge, and the modification and application of knowledge from a psychological perspective. Emphasis was placed on formalisms of knowledge representation and on the processes involved. In many of the projects this was combined with computer simulations. A final but equally important goal was the development of experimental paradigms and methods for data analysis that are especially suited to investigate knowledge based processes. The research program has had a major impact on cognitive psychology in Germany. Research groups were established at many universities and research equipment was provided. It also inspired a considerable number of young scientists to carry out cognitive research, employ modeling techniques from artificial intelligence for psychological theorizing, and construct intelligent tutoring systems for education. Close contacts with cognitive scientists in the U.S. have helped to firmly integrate the program with international research endeavours. Each year, one or two workshops were held. The present volume is the result of the final workshop which was held in September 1992. Selected results from seventeen projects are presented in this book. The volume is enriched by three guest scholars who agreed to participate in the final workshop and to comment on the chapters of the book.

Developments in Natural Intelligence Research and Knowledge Engineering: Advancing Applications

Download Developments in Natural Intelligence Research and Knowledge Engineering: Advancing Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1466617446
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (666 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Developments in Natural Intelligence Research and Knowledge Engineering: Advancing Applications by : Wang, Yingxu

Download or read book Developments in Natural Intelligence Research and Knowledge Engineering: Advancing Applications written by Wang, Yingxu and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-06-30 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book covers the intricate worlds of thought, comprehension, intelligence, and knowledge through the scientific field of Cognitive Science, covering topics that have been pivotal at major conferences covering Cognitive Science"--Provided by publisher.

Handbook of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering

Download Handbook of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812389717
Total Pages : 939 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (123 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering by : Shi Kuo Chang

Download or read book Handbook of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering written by Shi Kuo Chang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 939 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first handbook to cover comprehensively both software engineering and knowledge engineering OCo two important fields that have become interwoven in recent years. Over 60 international experts have contributed to the book. Each chapter has been written in such a way that a practitioner of software engineering and knowledge engineering can easily understand and obtain useful information. Each chapter covers one topic and can be read independently of other chapters, providing both a general survey of the topic and an in-depth exposition of the state of the art. Practitioners will find this handbook useful when looking for solutions to practical problems. Researchers can use it for quick access to the background, current trends and most important references regarding a certain topic. The handbook consists of two volumes. Volume One covers the basic principles and applications of software engineering and knowledge engineering. Volume Two will cover the basic principles and applications of visual and multimedia software engineering, knowledge engineering, data mining for software knowledge, and emerging topics in software engineering and knowledge engineering. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1.1: Introduction (97k). Chapter 1.2: Theoretical Language Research (97k). Chapter 1.3: Experimental Science (96k). Chapter 1.4: Evolutionary Versus Revolutionary (108k). Chapter 1.5: Concurrency and Parallelisms (232k). Chapter 1.6: Summary (123k). Contents: Computer Language Advances (D E Cooke et al.); Software Maintenance (G Canfora & A Cimitile); Requirements Engineering (A T Berztiss); Software Engineering Standards: Review and Perspectives (Y-X Wang); A Large Scale Neural Network and Its Applications (D Graupe & H Kordylewski); Software Configuration Management in Software and Hypermedia Engineering: A Survey (L Bendix et al.); The Knowledge Modeling Paradigm in Knowledge Engineering (E Motta); Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Issues in Bioinformatics (J T L Wang et al.); Conceptual Modeling in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering: Concepts, Techniques and Trends (O Dieste et al.); Rationale Management in Software Engineering (A H Dutoit & B Paech); Exploring Ontologies (Y Kalfoglou), and other papers. Readership: Graduate students, researchers, programmers, managers and academics in software engineering and knowledge engineering."

Cognitive Task Analysis

Download Cognitive Task Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 113566529X
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cognitive Task Analysis by : Jan Maarten Schraagen

Download or read book Cognitive Task Analysis written by Jan Maarten Schraagen and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2000-06-01 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive task analysis is a broad area consisting of tools and techniques for describing the knowledge and strategies required for task performance. Cognitive task analysis has implications for the development of expert systems, training and instructional design, expert decision making and policymaking. It has been applied in a wide range of settings, with different purposes, for instance: specifying user requirements in system design or specifying training requirements in training needs analysis. The topics to be covered by this work include: general approaches to cognitive task analysis, system design, instruction, and cognitive task analysis for teams. The work settings to which the tools and techniques described in this work have been applied include: 911 dispatching, faultfinding on board naval ships, design aircraft, and various support systems. The editors' goal in this book is to present in a single source a comprehensive, in-depth introduction to the field of cognitive task analysis. They have attempted to include as many examples as possible in the book, making it highly suitable for those wishing to undertake a cognitive task analysis themselves. The book also contains a historical introduction to the field and an annotated bibliography, making it an excellent guide to additional resources.

Handbook of Behavioral and Cognitive Geography

Download Handbook of Behavioral and Cognitive Geography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1784717541
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (847 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Behavioral and Cognitive Geography by : Daniel R. Montello

Download or read book Handbook of Behavioral and Cognitive Geography written by Daniel R. Montello and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive Handbook summarizes existing work and presents new concepts and empirical results from leading scholars in the multidisciplinary field of behavioral and cognitive geography, the study of the human mind, and activity in and concerning space, place, and environment. It provides the broadest and most inclusive coverage of the field so far, including work relevant to human geography, cartography, and geographic information science.

Information Systems and Data Analysis

Download Information Systems and Data Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364246808X
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Information Systems and Data Analysis by : Hans-Hermann Bock

Download or read book Information Systems and Data Analysis written by Hans-Hermann Bock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Klassifikation e.V., University of Kaiserslautern, March 3 - 5, 1993

An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering

Download An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1846286670
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (462 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering by : Simon Kendal

Download or read book An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering written by Simon Kendal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-08 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering presents a simple but detailed exp- ration of current and established work in the ?eld of knowledge-based systems and related technologies. Its treatment of the increasing variety of such systems is designed to provide the reader with a substantial grounding in such techno- gies as expert systems, neural networks, genetic algorithms, case-based reasoning systems, data mining, intelligent agents and the associated techniques and meth- ologies. The material is reinforced by the inclusion of numerous activities that provide opportunities for the reader to engage in their own research and re?ection as they progress through the book. In addition, self-assessment questions allow the student to check their own understanding of the concepts covered. The book will be suitable for both undergraduate and postgraduate students in computing science and related disciplines such as knowledge engineering, arti?cial intelligence, intelligent systems, cognitive neuroscience, robotics and cybernetics. vii Contents Foreword vii 1 An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Section 1: Data, Information and Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Section 2: Skills of a Knowledge Engineer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Section 3: An Introduction to Knowledge-Based Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2 Types of Knowledge-Based Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Section 1: Expert Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Section 2: Neural Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Section 3: Case-Based Reasoning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Section 4: Genetic Algorithms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Section 5: Intelligent Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Section 6: Data Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 3 Knowledge Acquisition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4 Knowledge Representation and Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Section 1: Using Knowledge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Section 2: Logic, Rules and Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Section 3: Developing Rule-Based Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Section 4: Semantic Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10. Tagung Der Gesellschaft Für Kognitionswissenschaft

Download 10. Tagung Der Gesellschaft Für Kognitionswissenschaft PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Universitätsverlag Potsdam
ISBN 13 : 3869560878
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (695 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis 10. Tagung Der Gesellschaft Für Kognitionswissenschaft by : Johannes Haack

Download or read book 10. Tagung Der Gesellschaft Für Kognitionswissenschaft written by Johannes Haack and published by Universitätsverlag Potsdam. This book was released on 2010 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the latest biannual meeting of the German Society for Cognitive Science (Gesellschaft für Kognitionswissenschaft, GK), KogWis 2010 at Potsdam University reflects the current trends in a fascinating domain of research concerned with human and artificial cognition and the interaction of mind and brain. The Plenary talks provide a venue for questions of the numerical capacities and human arithmetic (Brian Butterworth), of the theoretical development of cognitive architectures and intelligent virtual agents (Pat Langley), of categorizations induced by linguistic constructions (Claudia Maienborn), and of a cross-level account of the “Self as a complex system“ (Paul Thagard). KogWis 2010 integrates a wealth of experimental research, cognitive modelling, and conceptual analysis in 5 invited symposia, over 150 individual talks, 6 symposia, and more than 40 poster contributions. Some of the invited symposia reflect local and regional strenghts of research in the Berlin-Brandenburg area: the two largests research fields of the university Cognitive Sciences Area of Excellence in Potsdam are represented by an invited symposium on “Information Structure” by the Special Research Area 632 (“Sonderforschungsbereich”, SFB) of the same name, of Potsdam University and Humboldt-University Berlin, and by a satellite conference of the research group “Mind and Brain Dynamics”. The Berlin School of Mind and Brain at Humboldt-University Berlin takes part with an invited symposium on “Decision Making” from a perspective of cognitive neuroscience and philosophy and the DFG Cluster of Excellence “Languages of Emotion” of Free University presents interdisciplinary research results in an invited symposium on “Symbolising Emotions”.

Interactive Minds

Download Interactive Minds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521485678
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (856 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Interactive Minds by : Paul B. Baltes

Download or read book Interactive Minds written by Paul B. Baltes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-04-26 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactive Minds harnesses both research and theory from several disciplines to study cognitive development in the social context of the life course.

Enhancing Software Fault Prediction With Machine Learning: Emerging Research and Opportunities

Download Enhancing Software Fault Prediction With Machine Learning: Emerging Research and Opportunities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522531866
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Enhancing Software Fault Prediction With Machine Learning: Emerging Research and Opportunities by : Rashid, Ekbal

Download or read book Enhancing Software Fault Prediction With Machine Learning: Emerging Research and Opportunities written by Rashid, Ekbal and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Software development and design is an intricate and complex process that requires a multitude of steps to ultimately create a quality product. One crucial aspect of this process is minimizing potential errors through software fault prediction. Enhancing Software Fault Prediction With Machine Learning: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an innovative source of material on the latest advances and strategies for software quality prediction. Including a range of pivotal topics such as case-based reasoning, rate of improvement, and expert systems, this book is an ideal reference source for engineers, researchers, academics, students, professionals, and practitioners interested in novel developments in software design and analysis.

Map-based Mobile Services

Download Map-based Mobile Services PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540269827
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Map-based Mobile Services by : Liqiu Meng

Download or read book Map-based Mobile Services written by Liqiu Meng and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-05 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of wireless telecommunication and ubiquitous computing te- nologies has led to a growing mobile population and dramatically changed p- terns of working and everyday life. A smooth and safe mobility is only possible when the mobile person is well-informed of the happenings in his ambient en- ronments. Location-sensitive maps have proved a strong enhancement to what a mobile user can directly perceive from his ambient environments. Since ancient times the map has been the favorite communication language of spatial infor- tion. It is even more the case for mobile applications where brand-new maps can be wirelessly retrieved or generated in real-time. The upsurge of map-based s- vices on mobile devices has raised a number of new questions challenging the conventional computer-assisted cartography. Map-based mobile services provides a contemporary overview of research and development issues related to the design and the use of mobility-supporting maps. The book has been written for professional cartographers who are striving for - tending their theoretical, methodological and practical knowledge to mobile m- making, for surveyors and geo-service providers involved in the development of intelligent location-based services, for software developers and cognitive scientists engaged in human-computer interaction, and for students and academics in cart- raphy and geoinformation sciences. The book was initiated by the multidisciplinary workshop “Design of m- based mobile services” within the frame of the conference “Human and Computer 2003 – Interaction on the movement” held in Stuttgart, Germany, September 2003.

Qualitative Spatial Reasoning with Topological Information

Download Qualitative Spatial Reasoning with Topological Information PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540707360
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Qualitative Spatial Reasoning with Topological Information by : Jochen Renz

Download or read book Qualitative Spatial Reasoning with Topological Information written by Jochen Renz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-31 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial knowledge representation and reasoning with spatial knowledge are relevant issues for many application areas such as robotics, geographical information systems, and computer vision. Exceeding purely quantitative approaches, more recently initiated qualitative approaches allow for dealing with spatial information on a more abstract level that is closer to the way humans think and speak. Starting out with the qualitative, topological constraint calculus RCC8 proposed by Randell, Cui, and Cohn, this work presents answers to a variety of open questions regarding RCC8. The open issues concerning computational properties are solved by exploiting a broad variety of results and methods from logic and theoretical computer science. Questions concerning practical performance are addressed by large-scale empirical computational experiments. The most impressive result is probably the complete classification of computational properties for all fragments of RCC8.