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Consumer Behavior in Travel and Tourism

Author : Kaye Sung Chon
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136382712
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (363 download)

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Book Synopsis Consumer Behavior in Travel and Tourism by : Kaye Sung Chon

Download or read book Consumer Behavior in Travel and Tourism written by Kaye Sung Chon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing original and previously unpublished theoretical and empirical studies, Consumer Behavior in Travel and Tourism will give professionals, professors, and researchers in the field up-to-date insight and information on trends, happenings, and findings in the international hospitality business arena. A great resource for educators, this book is complete with learning objectives, concept definitions, and even review questions at the end of each chapter. From this book, readers will understand and learn the needs and preferences of tourists and how to investigate the process of destination and product selection to help provide customers with products and services that will best meet their needs. In today's highly competitive business environment, understanding travel behavior is imperative to success. Consumer Behavior in Travel and Tourism brings together several studies in one volume, representing the first attempt to explore, define, analyze, and evaluate the consumption of tourist and travel products. This guide offers essential research strategies and methods that enables readers to determine the wants and needs of tourists, including: discussing and evaluating the main factors that affect consumer behavior in travel and tourism, such as travel motivation, destination choice, and the consequent travel behavior exploring the various decision-making processes of consumers that leads to consequent destination choices through case study analysis and marketing suggestions determining customer expectations of products through a variety of research techniques in order to find ways of improving satisfaction examining selected research tools, such as product positioning and repositioning and using perceptual maps, to evaluate the market implications of using qualitative and/or quantitative research techniques detecting and analyzing the relative roles individual, environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic factors play in choosing travel destinations Full of detailed charts and graphs, Consumer Behavior in Travel and Tourism illustrates key points to give you a better understanding of important facts and findings in the field.

Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality Research

Author : Arch G. Woodside
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 178714691X
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality Research by : Arch G. Woodside

Download or read book Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality Research written by Arch G. Woodside and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters in this volume provide tools and evidence useful for deep understanding of tourists’ buying, consumption, and being through examinations of consumers’ self-descriptions of personal markers of their trip configurations.

Handbook of Consumer Behavior, Tourism, and the Internet

Author : Juline E. Mills
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136429190
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (364 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Consumer Behavior, Tourism, and the Internet by : Juline E. Mills

Download or read book Handbook of Consumer Behavior, Tourism, and the Internet written by Juline E. Mills and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Make the most of your online business resources The growing acceptance and use of the Internet as an increasingly valuable travel tool has tourism and hospitality businesses taking a critical look at their business-to-customer online environments while pondering such questions as, “How do I get people to visit my Web site?” “Is my Web site attracting the ’right’ kind of e-consumers?” and “How do I turn browsers into buyers?” The Handbook of Consumer Behavior, Tourism, and the Internet analyzes the latest strategies involving Internet business applications that will help you attract—and keep—online travel customers. Researchers from the United States, Europe, and Asia present the latest findings you need to make the right decisions regarding long-term e-commerce development and planning. The Handbook of Consumer Behavior, Tourism, and the Internet examines vital issues affecting the travel and tourism industry from an online perspective. This book analyzes the latest theory and research on general online buyer characteristics, the differences between online and offline consumer behavior, the differences between broadband and narrowband users, the online search process, quality and perception of lodging brands, and Web site design, maintenance, and development. Each section of the book includes a model/diagram that serves as an overview of the topic, followed by a thorough discussion on the topic from several sources. Each section ends with commentary on the areas where future research is needed. The book’s contributors use a variety of research methodologies ranging from qualitative data analyses using artificial neutral network analysis, to experimental design, non-parametric statistical tests, and structural equation modeling. Topics examined in the Handbook of Consumer Behavior, Tourism, and the Internet include: the need for businesses to use internal examinations to determine and meet online consumer needs the emerging field of e-complaint behavior—consumers taking to the Web to voice complaints about travel services how to use e-tools to measure guest satisfaction how to measure consumer reaction to Web-based technology the Internet’s impact on decision making for travel products and how to use e-mail marketing, electronic customer relationship management (eCRM), Web positioning, and search engine placement The Handbook of Consumer Behavior, Tourism, and the Internet is equally valuable as a classroom resource or professional reference, providing up-to-date material on Internet applications and their impact on consumers and e-commerce.

Consumer Behaviour in Tourism

Author : John Swarbrooke
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136414738
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (364 download)

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Book Synopsis Consumer Behaviour in Tourism by : John Swarbrooke

Download or read book Consumer Behaviour in Tourism written by John Swarbrooke and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-03-14 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumer Behaviour in Tourism takes a broad view of tourism and looks at consumer behaviour in a number of sectors including: * tour operation * tourist destinations * hospitality * visitor attractions * retail travel * transport Now fully revised and updated, the second edition of this bestselling text looks provides an international perspective on consumer behaviour in tourism through the use of numerous examples and case studies drawn from a range of different regions of the world; an exploration of national differences in consumer culture; the dissemination of research findings and concepts from a number of different regions of the world. This second edition includes new chapters on ecotourists, destination image and choice, terrorism and the tourism market, the internet and tourist behaviour and the rise of the no frills markets. It also includes new material on health concerns and government travel advice, events and festivals, business travel, national and cultural differences and more. Each chapter features conclusions, discussion points and essay questions, and exercises, at the end, to help tutors direct student-centred learning and to allow the reader to check their understanding of what they have read. Cases include: Las Vegas, Nevada, USA; Currency exchange rates as a determinant of tourist behaviour; The adventure tourism market in the USA and New Zealand; The Chinese tourism market; The Islamic tourism market; The impact of terrorism on tourist behaviour; The health tourism market including cosmetic surgery tourism; The UK outbound market; The international conference market; Travellers experience websites; The international theme park market; The festivals and events market around the world 'Dark' tourism

Handbook of Tourist Behavior

Author : Metin Kozak
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135849110
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Tourist Behavior by : Metin Kozak

Download or read book Handbook of Tourist Behavior written by Metin Kozak and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-01-13 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today’s highly competitive and global economy, understanding tourist behavior is imperative to success. Tourist behavior has become a cornerstone of any marketing strategy and action. Choosing, buying and consuming tourism/travel products and services includes a range of psycho-social processes and a number of personal and environmental influences that researchers and managers should take into account. This book provides an overview of such processes and influences and explains the basic concepts and theories that underlie tourist decision-making and behavior. It also incorporates a number of cases studies in order to aid readers to better appraise the application of those concepts and theories. The Handbook of Tourist Behavior will be of significant interest to researchers and students in tourism, leisure, marketing and psychology, and also to practitioners in the tourism industry.

Progress in Tourism Marketing

Author : Metin Kozak
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136371478
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (363 download)

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Book Synopsis Progress in Tourism Marketing by : Metin Kozak

Download or read book Progress in Tourism Marketing written by Metin Kozak and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-06-07 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book are two-fold: (1) to evaluate the current progress of theoretical approaches to tourism marketing and (2) to show the ways to further develop the concept of tourism marketing for application within tourist destinations and individual businesses and evaluate its potential impact on performance improvement. The structure is based upon the inclusion of an introduction and four main parts, namely IT marketing, destination competitiveness, image measurement, and consumer behaviour. There is a brief introduction for each part prior to the discussion of specific chapters just to make the readers familiar with their content. The editors believe that there is a need for information on how to better apply both traditional and contemporary marketing tools in order to be more competitive within the international arena. Metin Kozak serves as an Associate Professor of Marketing in the School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Mugla University, Turkey. Also, he is a visiting fellow in the Department of Marketing, University of Namur, Belgium. Following a successful career within the last five years (since the approval of PhD degree in 2000), Metin has received two awards to mark his achievements. In 2001, his PhD dissertation on benchmarking was nominated, by the EFQM- EU, among the best three PhD studies on TQM. In 2004, by a committee of the Turkish Tourism Investors’ Association, he was awarded the grand prize of the tourism researcher of the year 2003 in Turkey. He has published mainly in tourism journals and authored a book on Destination Benchmarking. His main research interests focus on consumer behavior, benchmarking, competitiveness, cross-cultural research, destination management and marketing, and European tourist markets. Luisa Andreu is Assistant Professor of Marketing in the Department of Marketing, University of Valencia, Spain. She obtained her Master's degree in Tourism from the International Centre for Tourism, Bournemouth University, UK, and a Ph.D. in Business Administration from the University of Valencia, Spain. She is a member of the Spanish Association of Scientifics in Tourism. She has published various articles in Annals of Tourism Research, Tourism Management, European Journal of Marketing, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, among others. She has presented papers at several conferences organized by the European Marketing Academy, Academy of Marketing Science, CPTHL, and State of the Art: Tourism. She has also involved in numerous academic and industrial projects. Her research interests include consumer behavior and cross-cultural issues in service marketing.

Consumer Psychology of Tourism, Hospitality, and Leisure

Author : Arch G. Woodside
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 9780851998961
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (989 download)

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Book Synopsis Consumer Psychology of Tourism, Hospitality, and Leisure by : Arch G. Woodside

Download or read book Consumer Psychology of Tourism, Hospitality, and Leisure written by Arch G. Woodside and published by CABI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on papers given at the 2nd Symposium on Consumer Psychology of Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure (CPTHL) in Vienna in July 2000. The Symposium comprised papers reflecting the progress in consumer psychology theory and research. The Vienna Symposium put special emphasis on consumer decision making for evaluating choice alternatives in tourism, leisure, and hospitality operations. The reports have been arranged into five major compartments.

Consumer Behavior in Tourism. A Mediation Analysis of Attitude

Author : Giap Binh Nga
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668965366
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (689 download)

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Book Synopsis Consumer Behavior in Tourism. A Mediation Analysis of Attitude by : Giap Binh Nga

Download or read book Consumer Behavior in Tourism. A Mediation Analysis of Attitude written by Giap Binh Nga and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Tourism - Miscellaneous, grade: 1.5, Vietnam National University Hanoi, language: English, abstract: This paper reports on a study of consumer behavior in tourism. It surveyed approximately 550 tourists in the north of Vietnam to assess levels of consumer behavior including perception, attitude and behavior. Independent variables included region and the gender of tourists. Although there are no region and gender differences in consumer behavior, correlations and mediating relationships are found.

Economic Psychology of Travel and Tourism

Author : John C. Crotts
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9781560247050
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Psychology of Travel and Tourism by : John C. Crotts

Download or read book Economic Psychology of Travel and Tourism written by John C. Crotts and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is an informative overview of economic psychology as applied to the study of travel and tourism. Economic psychology provides evidence about the behavior of consumers that is instrumental for the development of economic theory as well as for marketing, consumer policy, and research on travel and tourism. Economic Psychology of Travel and Tourism stimulates new approaches to the study of travel and tourism. Chapters contain empirical studies and explore conceptual and theoretical perspectives of the sociopsychological mechanisms that underlie travel and tourism demand and the economics of destinations. This book is a helpful resource for travel and marketing professionals and advanced students of tourism. These individuals often have a good background in psychology and in marketing, but little, if any, knowledge on how the two fields are linked. Economic Psychology of Travel and Tourism helps them see and understand the broader economic psychological issues that impact both the supply and demand sides of the travel and tourism economy. Economic Psychology of Travel and Tourism discusses such issues as corporate identity, promotion/advertising, information processing, meaning structure, and consumer behavior, research, and demand. Specific chapters in this book include: an investigation of the relationship between the way tourists think to realize their dreams and the tourist industry's potential to make those dreams come true an examination of current literature related to 4 prevalent topical areas associated with consumer behavior in recreational and touristic contexts an exploratory study to determine the extent to which friends and/or relatives influence travel decisionmaking processes beyond the role of information provider the development of a model of decisionmaking associated with long-term, complex purchase processes effects of tour brochures with experiential information a study of promotion and demand in international tourism Economic Psychology of Travel and Tourism clarifies for readers applications of psychological theories and methods to the study of travel and tourism phenomena, helping them recognize areas of economic and social psychology that can help them deal more effectively with fundamental issues underlying the travel and tourism economy.

Global Tourist Behavior

Author : Erdener Kaynak
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136586415
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Tourist Behavior by : Erdener Kaynak

Download or read book Global Tourist Behavior written by Erdener Kaynak and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Tourist Behavior contains travel and marketing research that explores the integral global nature of tourism. The globalization of tourism has resulted in more culturally diverse travelers with different preferences, motivations, expectations, and needs, while at the same time worldwide movements toward democracy have made some locations more accessible than ever before. New diversity in global tourist behavior and the reciprocal interaction between travelers and destinations will pose new challenges and create new opportunities for tourism professionals. Global Tourist Behavior helps readers meet these challenges by providing unique and invaluable new research on global travel behavior as an integral component of travel and tourism marketing research. It features original, empirical research by tourism scholars representing a variety of locations worldwide, including North America, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, Germany, Indonesia, Korea, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Zambia. The geographically diverse chapters in Global Tourist Behavior present research on: marketing places to tourists tourists’knowledge of culture issues in cross-cultural tourism tourism channels and distribution systems international tourism and marketing expert systems in tourism marketing management the impact of mega events health tourism. Tourism promoters, decisionmakers, and students will find the information on international travelers’preferences, expectations, motivations, images, attitudes, and choices of tour packages extremely helpful. The book can also be used as a guide for attracting international tourist business and developing appropriate marketing and management strategies for specific destinations.

Prediction Publish and Tourism Consumer Behavior

Author : Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781720070610
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Prediction Publish and Tourism Consumer Behavior by : Johnny Ch Lok

Download or read book Prediction Publish and Tourism Consumer Behavior written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-04 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter two Online/offline travel operators (agents) maketing strategies2.1 Offline walk in travel unique segment service strategy Nowadays, online and offlce travel operators competitions are serious. In fact, tourism marketing , there will be more need for online travel operators in the future, due to online travel sale service is popular to be accepted by online travel consumers. Thus, I recommend walk in offline travel agents need to concentrate on focusing some unique travel service to attract new or old travel consumers if who hope to survive. I recommend that they can focus on specific specialized services, such as travel consultation ( specialization) hypothesizing that systematic differences exist between the usage of travel agents for different travel contexts and travel agents can survive if they focus on specific segments of the market, such as older travelers ( segmentation; hypothesizing that systematic differences exist between the usage of travel agents depending on the personal characteristics of travellers). The unique travel needs include: specific services related to package holidays, transport services, beach on city holidays, as well as destinations travellers are not familiar with. I shall give my opinions to provide insight into alternative strategies for travel agencies in a matured travel market with a high internet penetration as below: The internet online travel sale service is a reality of popular to let travel consumers to feel convenient to pre-book air seat, hotel rooms , air electronic ticket prices comparison. In order to make final purchase decision very easily in the shortest time. Consequently , it has penetrated the decision making process of travel to attract them to choose to buy electronic air ticket, prebooking hotel rooms or restaurant seats from online travel agent channel more than walk in offline travel agent channel. This is especially true in the tousism business where consumption to consume ( booking) and the purchase-related information search ( Bieger & Lasesser 2004; Crotts 1998). In fact , apply website to provide travel sale method has these good consequence. From travel operator ( agent) supplier's perspective, the success potential derived from operating a website consist of lower distribution costs, higher revenues and a larger potential market share ( due to the ubiquitous access). From traverler's perspective, the internet allows direct communication with tourism suppliers facilitatinf requests for information and allowing services and travel related products, e.g. prebooking hotel rooms, restaurant seats , electronic or paper air tickets, travel trip arrangement package products to be purchased at any time and any place from online travel agents /operators conveniently. Offline / online travel agency ( operator) business depends on earn commissions on behalf of airlines. Thus, offline walk in travel agency ( operator) business model that would extend existence as a booking agency ( thus focusing on consultation and interpersonal contact) strategy. As a matter of fact, commission -cutting , which began in the US well ahed of Europe, has had a profound effect specially on business travel agents . Consequently , many of them have re-invented themselves as " travel managers", instead of selling tickets and making arrangements, they charge consultancy fees for reducing the amounts client companies spend on travel ( Daneshku, 1999).2.2 Systematic differences strategy applies to offline walk in travel agent

Aspects of Tourist Behavior

Author : Metin Kozak
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443850918
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Aspects of Tourist Behavior by : Metin Kozak

Download or read book Aspects of Tourist Behavior written by Metin Kozak and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2013-07-26 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As in other fields of research, the behaviour of consumers has also received a great deal of attention in tourism research over the past few decades due to its growing importance in the efficient marketing and management of tourism operations. The rapid development of IT applications and the equally swift changes of needs and wants have influenced consumers in terms of the behaviour involved in searching for information and in decision-making processes. As such, this book encompasses a collection of chapters addressing various aspects of tourist behaviour, from need-recognition to post-consumption, supported through selected practical examples from a range of countries, such as Portugal, Italy, New Zealand, Jamaica, Taiwan, Malaysia, and South Africa, among others. The book, systematic in structure and thorough in content, is very useful for people who wish to improve and update their current knowledge of tourist behaviour, and also to those carrying out further research on this field.

Tourist Behaviour

Author : Philip L. Pearce
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786438577
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (864 download)

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Book Synopsis Tourist Behaviour by : Philip L. Pearce

Download or read book Tourist Behaviour written by Philip L. Pearce and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and accessible, this Companion offers a thorough investigation into both traditional and fresh topics in tourist behaviour and experience. Arranged chronologically, the chapters examine tourist experience from the very idea of a tourist visit to the aftermath of returning home.

Tourist Behaviour

Author : Metin Kozak
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 178064812X
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Tourist Behaviour by : Metin Kozak

Download or read book Tourist Behaviour written by Metin Kozak and published by CABI. This book was released on 2016-11-18 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumer research is often central to academic studies in many different fields, and more recently, tourism studies have empirically examined consumer research from various aspects. However, there is a need to provide information for tourism scholars on how to better understand aspects of tourist behaviour. Tourist Behaviour: An International Perspective provides a collection of topics from both theoretical and practical approaches to building and examining the theory of how consumers think and act within the context of tourism consumption. Divided in to six sections, the book presents research within the themes of influence, motivation, choice, and consumption and experience. With contributions from authors in over 15 countries, the book presents an interdisciplinary approach of the latest research in tourist behaviour.

Consumer Behaviour in Hospitality and Tourism

Author : Saurabh Kumar Dixit
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781032019369
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Consumer Behaviour in Hospitality and Tourism by : Saurabh Kumar Dixit

Download or read book Consumer Behaviour in Hospitality and Tourism written by Saurabh Kumar Dixit and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumer behaviour includes individual decision-making (IDM). IDM has implications in customer satisfaction, loyalty, and other behavioural intentions toward the organisations' products and services. Consumer Behaviour in Hospitality and Tourism targets to study consumers and tourists in different leisure and touristic places such as hotels, convention centres, amusement parks, national parks, and the transportation sector. The aim of this book is to provide a broad view of novel topics and presents the current scenario in the hospitality and business arena. This edited volume has seven chapters and each chapter addresses varied themes relating to consumer behaviour, ranging from sustainable tourism, environmental issues, and green tourism to the impact of hotel online reviews using social media. It will be of great interest to researchers and scholars interested in Consumer Behaviour, Hospitality, and Tourism.

Tourist Behavior

Author : Metin Kozak
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319785532
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Tourist Behavior by : Metin Kozak

Download or read book Tourist Behavior written by Metin Kozak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines and analyzes tourism consumption and tourist experiences, employing a systematic and case study-driven perspective. Covering approaches with a wider geographical background, it considers issues like tourism place experience and co-creation, as well as the behavior of tourists on guided tours, at trade shows and exhibitions, and in museums. Dedicated chapters deal with the aspect of customer satisfaction in places such as hotels or restaurants. In closing, the book highlights tourist behavior in the context of cultural heritage, regional and cultural differences and the general frameworks of consumer happiness and responsibility. Given its focus, the book provides a unique view on the interplay of tourism consumption and tourist experiences, and presents a comprehensive selection of case studies to exemplify and discuss in detail the frameworks covered and the current state of practice.

Past Travel Behaviour Predicts Future Travel Behaviour Methods

Author : Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781792818837
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis Past Travel Behaviour Predicts Future Travel Behaviour Methods by : Johnny Ch Lok

Download or read book Past Travel Behaviour Predicts Future Travel Behaviour Methods written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to determine future travel behavior from past travel experience and perceptions of risk and safety for the benefits to travel consumers? How to determine future travel behavior from past travel experience and perceptions of risk and safety for the benefits to travel consumers? Why does individual traveler avoid certain destination(s) is(are) as relevant to tourist decision making as why who chooses to travel to others. Perceptions of risk and safety and travel experience are likely to influence travel decisions. If travel agents had efforts to predict future travel behavior to guess whether travelers will feel where is(are) risk and unsafe to cause who does not choose to go to the country to travel. Then, the travel agents will avoid to choose to spend much time to design the different traveling package to attract their potential travel consumers to choose to travel. The reason is because in the case of individual traveler's tourism experience, the traveler whose past disappointment travel experience ( psychological risk) will be a serious threat to the traveler's health or life ( health, physical or terrorism risk). The past safety or unhealthy risk to the country(countries) will influence the traveler decides to choose not to go to the countries(country) to travel again in the future.What is push and pull factors to influence anytraveler who chooses where is whose preferable travelling destinationHow to predict individual traveler's behavioral intention of choosing a travel destination. Understanding why people travel and what factors influence their behavioral intention of choosing a travel destination is beneficial to tourism planning and marketing. In general, an individual's choice of a travel destination into two forces. The first force is the push factor that pushes an individual away from home and attempt to develop a general desire to go somewhere, without specifying where that may be. The other force is the pull factor that pull an individual toward in destination, due to a region-specific or perceived attractiveness of a destination. The respective push and pull factors illustrate that people travel because who are pushed by whose internal motives and pulled by external forced of a destination. However, the decision making process leading to the choice of a travel destination is a very complex process. For example, a Taiwanese traveler who might either choose new travel destination of Hong Kong or another old travel Asia destinations again or who also might choose any one of Western country, as a new travel destination. The travel agents can predict where who will have intention to choose to travel from whose past behavior and attitude, subjective and perceived behavioral control model.The factors influence where is the traveler choice, include personal safety, scenic beauty, cultural interest, climate changing, transportation tools, friendliness of local people, price of trip, trip package service in hotels and restaurants, quality and variety of food and shopping facilities and services etc. needs. So, whose factors will influence where is the individual travel's choice. It seems every traveler whose choice of travel process, will include past behavior. e.g. travelling experience, travelling habit, then to choose the best seasoned travelling action to satisfy whose travel needs. This process is the individual traveler's psychological choice process, who must need time to gather information to compare concerning of different travel packages, destination scene, climate change, transportation tools available to the destination, air ticket price etc. these factors, then to judge where is the best right destination to travel in the right time.