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Consumer Behavior Cost Of Living Measures And The Income Tax
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Book Synopsis Consumer Behavior, Cost of Living Measures, and the Income Tax by : Michael R. Baye
Download or read book Consumer Behavior, Cost of Living Measures, and the Income Tax written by Michael R. Baye and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-03-14 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant #SES-8410190. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessari~y reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This support was crucial to the completion of this project, and we are grateful for it. As is usually the case when doing academic research, we are also indebted to a number of individuals. Robert Gillingham, John Greenlees, Jack Triplett, and Paul Harte-Chen freely gave of their time to share their ideas concerning income-based cost of living indices. Seminar participants at the BLS, the University of Karlsruhe, and Tilburg University provided insightful comments on preliminary portions of the manuscript. Bill Stober provided encouragement, and Desmond Lo and Albert Tsui read parts of the manuscript. We owe a special thanks to Bert Balk for providing detailed handwritten comments on a preliminary draft. Evelyn Buchanan and Audrey Abel did an excellent job of typing and retyping numerous drafts of the manuscript. Finally, a very warm thanks to our wives, for enduring. CONTENTS Page PREFACE PART I.
Book Synopsis Consumer Behavior, Cost of Living Measures, and the Income Tax by : Michael R. Baye
Download or read book Consumer Behavior, Cost of Living Measures, and the Income Tax written by Michael R. Baye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant #SES-8410190. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessari~y reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This support was crucial to the completion of this project, and we are grateful for it. As is usually the case when doing academic research, we are also indebted to a number of individuals. Robert Gillingham, John Greenlees, Jack Triplett, and Paul Harte-Chen freely gave of their time to share their ideas concerning income-based cost of living indices. Seminar participants at the BLS, the University of Karlsruhe, and Tilburg University provided insightful comments on preliminary portions of the manuscript. Bill Stober provided encouragement, and Desmond Lo and Albert Tsui read parts of the manuscript. We owe a special thanks to Bert Balk for providing detailed handwritten comments on a preliminary draft. Evelyn Buchanan and Audrey Abel did an excellent job of typing and retyping numerous drafts of the manuscript. Finally, a very warm thanks to our wives, for enduring. CONTENTS Page PREFACE PART I.
Book Synopsis Measuring What We Spend by : National Research Council
Download or read book Measuring What We Spend written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-15 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Consumer Expenditure (CE) surveys are the only source of information on the complete range of consumers' expenditures and incomes in the United States, as well as the characteristics of those consumers. The CE consists of two separate surveys: (1) a national sample of households interviewed five times at three-month intervals; and (2) a separate national sample of households that complete two consecutive one-week expenditure diaries. For more than 40 years, these surveys, the responsibility of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), have been the principal source of knowledge about changing patterns of consumer spending in the U.S. population. In February 2009, BLS initiated the Gemini Project, the aim of which is to redesign the CE surveys to improve data quality through a verifiable reduction in measurement error with a particular focus on underreporting. The Gemini Project initiated a series of information-gathering meetings, conference sessions, forums, and workshops to identify appropriate strategies for improving CE data quality. As part of this effort, BLS requested the National Research Council's Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) to convene an expert panel to build on the Gemini Project by conducting further investigations and proposing redesign options for the CE surveys. The charge to the Panel on Redesigning the BLS Consumer Expenditure Surveys includes reviewing the output of a Gemini-convened data user needs forum and methods workshop and convening its own household survey producers workshop to obtain further input. In addition, the panel was tasked to commission options from contractors for consideration in recommending possible redesigns. The panel was further asked by BLS to create potential redesigns that would put a greater emphasis on proactive data collection to improve the measurement of consumer expenditures. Measuring What We Spend summarizes the deliberations and activities of the panel, discusses the conclusions about the uses of the CE surveys and why a redesign is needed, as well as recommendations for the future.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Advisory Commission to Study the Consumer Price Index Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :214 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Toward a More Accurate Measure of the Cost of Living by : United States. Congress. Senate. Advisory Commission to Study the Consumer Price Index
Download or read book Toward a More Accurate Measure of the Cost of Living written by United States. Congress. Senate. Advisory Commission to Study the Consumer Price Index and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consumer Response to Income Increases by : George Katona
Download or read book Consumer Response to Income Increases written by George Katona and published by Washington : Brookings Institution. This book was released on 1968 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study in economic research of the effect of taxation cuts and income increases on consumption and savings patterns in the USA - includes a description of the survey methodology. References.
Book Synopsis Decision Processes in Economics by : Gianni Ricci
Download or read book Decision Processes in Economics written by Gianni Ricci and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a selection of the papers presented at the symposium on "Decision processes in Economics" which was held in Modena (Italy) on 9-10 October 1989. It coincided with the annual meeting of the italian group on Game Theory; the group is formed by economists, mathematicians, engineers and social scientists. One of the targets of the Meeting, and therefore of the book, is to create an opportunity for having together papers by scientists with an "optimal control" education and papers by theorists on refinement of equilibrium, on repeted games and other topics. These two modes of working on Games are quite different but we think that a unitary approch to Games can be given and this book is an attempt in this direction. Another important and updated issue which is emphisized in the book is the discussion of computation and efficiency of numerical methods in Games. Stochastic differential games are treated in the papers by Basar, Haurie -and Deissemberg. Basar considers a stochastic model of a conflict situation between the monetary policy maker (go vernment) and the responding agent (private sector). Because of asymmetry in the (stochastic) information available the Nash and the Stackelberg games become non standard stochastic diffe rential games. After the discussion of the conditions leading to a solution he provides a numerical example for the proposed game. Haurie considers a game where the observed state changes according to a stochastic jump process.
Book Synopsis Empirical Vector Autoregressive Modeling by : Marius Ooms
Download or read book Empirical Vector Autoregressive Modeling written by Marius Ooms and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. 1 Integrating results The empirical study of macroeconomic time series is interesting. It is also difficult and not immediately rewarding. Many statistical and economic issues are involved. The main problems is that these issues are so interrelated that it does not seem sensible to address them one at a time. As soon as one sets about the making of a model of macroeconomic time series one has to choose which problems one will try to tackle oneself and which problems one will leave unresolved or to be solved by others. From a theoretic point of view it can be fruitful to concentrate oneself on only one problem. If one follows this strategy in empirical application one runs a serious risk of making a seemingly interesting model, that is just a corollary of some important mistake in the handling of other problems. Two well known examples of statistical artifacts are the finding of Kuznets "pseudo-waves" of about 20 years in economic activity (Sargent (1979, p. 248)) and the "spurious regression" of macroeconomic time series described in Granger and Newbold (1986, §6. 4). The easiest way to get away with possible mistakes is to admit they may be there in the first place, but that time constraints and unfamiliarity with the solution do not allow the researcher to do something about them. This can be a viable argument.
Book Synopsis On Model Uncertainty and its Statistical Implications by : Theo K. Dijkstra
Download or read book On Model Uncertainty and its Statistical Implications written by Theo K. Dijkstra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book problems related to the choice of models in such diverse fields as regression, covariance structure, time series analysis and multinomial experiments are discussed. The emphasis is on the statistical implications for model assessment when the assessment is done with the same data that generated the model. This is a problem of long standing, notorious for its difficulty. Some contributors discuss this problem in an illuminating way. Others, and this is a truly novel feature, investigate systematically whether sample re-use methods like the bootstrap can be used to assess the quality of estimators or predictors in a reliable way given the initial model uncertainty. The book should prove to be valuable for advanced practitioners and statistical methodologists alike.
Book Synopsis Fuzzy Multiple Objective Decision Making by : Young-Jou Lai
Download or read book Fuzzy Multiple Objective Decision Making written by Young-Jou Lai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last 25 years, the fuzzy set theory has been applied in many disciplines such as operations research, management science, control theory, artificial intelligence/expert system, etc. In this volume, methods and applications of crisp, fuzzy and possibilistic multiple objective decision making are first systematically and thoroughly reviewed and classified. This state-of-the-art survey provides readers with a capsule look into the existing methods, and their characteristics and applicability to analysis of fuzzy and possibilistic programming problems. To realize practical fuzzy modelling, it presents solutions for real-world problems including production/manufacturing, location, logistics, environment management, banking/finance, personnel, marketing, accounting, agriculture economics and data analysis. This book is a guided tour through the literature in the rapidly growing fields of operations research and decision making and includes the most up-to-date bibliographical listing of literature on the topic.
Book Synopsis Simulation and Optimization by : Georg Pflug
Download or read book Simulation and Optimization written by Georg Pflug and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains selected papers presented at the "International Workshop on Computationally Intensive Methods in Simulation and Op th th timization" held from 23 to 25 August 1990 at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (nASA) in La~enburg, Austria. The purpose of this workshop was to evaluate and to compare recently developed methods dealing with optimization in uncertain environments. It is one of the nASA's activities to study optimal decisions for uncertain systems and to make the result usable in economic, financial, ecological and resource planning. Over 40 participants from 12 different countries contributed to the success of the workshop, 12 papers were selected for this volume. Prof. A. Kurzhanskii Chairman of the Systems and Decision Sciences Program nASA Preface Optimization in an random environment has become an important branch of Applied Mathematics and Operations Research. It deals with optimal de cisions when only incomplete information of t.he future is available. Consider the following example: you have to make the decision about the amount of production although the future demand is unknown. If the size of the de mand can be described by a probability distribution, the problem is called a stochastic optimization problem.
Book Synopsis Axiomatic Utility Theory under Risk by : Ulrich Schmidt
Download or read book Axiomatic Utility Theory under Risk written by Ulrich Schmidt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first attempts to develop a utility theory for choice situations under risk were undertaken by Cramer (1728) and Bernoulli (1738). Considering the famous St. Petersburg Paradox! - a lottery with an infinite expected monetary value -Bernoulli (1738, p. 209) observed that most people would not spend a significant amount of money to engage in that gamble. To account for this observation, Bernoulli (1738, pp. 199-201) proposed that the expected monetary value has to be replaced by the expected utility ("moral expectation") as the relevant criterion for decision making under risk. However, Bernoulli's 2 argument and particularly his choice of a logarithmic utility function seem to be rather arbitrary since they are based entirely on intuitively 3 appealing examples. Not until two centuries later, did von Neumann and Morgenstern (1947) prove that if the preferences of the decision maker satisfy cer tain assumptions they can be represented by the expected value of a real-valued utility function defined on the set of consequences. Despite the identical mathematical form of expected utility, the theory of von Neumann and Morgenstern and Bernoulli's approach have, however, IFor comprehensive discussions of this paradox cf. Menger (1934), Samuelson (1960), (1977), Shapley (1977a), Aumann (1977), Jorland (1987), and Zabell (1987). 2Cramer (1728, p. 212), on the other hand, proposed that the utility of an amount of money is given by the square root of this amount.
Book Synopsis Applied Simulated Annealing by : Rene V.V. Vidal
Download or read book Applied Simulated Annealing written by Rene V.V. Vidal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In February 1992, I defended my doctoral thesis: Engineering Optimiza tion - selected contributions (IMSOR, The Technical University of Den mark, 1992, p. 92). This dissertation presents retrospectively my central contributions to the theoretical and applied aspects of optimization. When I had finished my thesis I became interested in editing a volume related to a new expanding area of applied optimization. I considered several approaches: simulated annealing, tabu search, genetic algorithms, neural networks, heuristics, expert systems, generalized multipliers, etc. Finally, I decided to edit a volume related to simulated annealing. My main three reasons for this choice were the following: (i) During the last four years my colleagues at IMSOR and I have car ried out several applied projects where simulated annealing was an essential. element in the problem-solving process. Most of the avail able reports and papers have been written in Danish. After a short review I was convinced that most of these works deserved to be pub lished for a wider audience. (ii) After the first reported applications of simulated annealing (1983- 1985), a tremendous amount of theoretical and applied work have been published within many different disciplines. Thus, I believe that simulated annealing is an approach that deserves to be in the curricula of, e.g. Engineering, Physics, Operations Research, Math ematical Programming, Economics, System Sciences, etc. (iii) A contact to an international network of well-known researchers showed that several individuals were willing to contribute to such a volume.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Two-Stage Programming by : Karl Frauendorfer
Download or read book Stochastic Two-Stage Programming written by Karl Frauendorfer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stochastic Programming offers models and methods for decision problems wheresome of the data are uncertain. These models have features and structural properties which are preferably exploited by SP methods within the solution process. This work contributes to the methodology for two-stagemodels. In these models the objective function is given as an integral, whose integrand depends on a random vector, on its probability measure and on a decision. The main results of this work have been derived with the intention to ease these difficulties: After investigating duality relations for convex optimization problems with supply/demand and prices being treated as parameters, a stability criterion is stated and proves subdifferentiability of the value function. This criterion is employed for proving the existence of bilinear functions, which minorize/majorize the integrand. Additionally, these minorants/majorants support the integrand on generalized barycenters of simplicial faces of specially shaped polytopes and amount to an approach which is denoted barycentric approximation scheme.
Book Synopsis Topics in Structural VAR Econometrics by : Carlo Giannini
Download or read book Topics in Structural VAR Econometrics written by Carlo Giannini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Introduction 1 2. Identification Analysis and F.I.M.L. Estimation for the K-Mode1 10 3. Identification Analysis and F.I.ML. Estimation for the C-Model 23 4. Identification Analysis and F.I.M.L. Estimation for the AB-Model 32 5. Impulse Response Analysis and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition in SVAR Modeling 44 5 .a Impulse Response Analysis 44 5.b Variance Decomposition (by Antonio Lanzarotti) 51 6. Long-run A-priori Information. Deterministic Components. Cointegration 58 6.a Long-run A-priori Information 58 6.b Deterministic Components 62 6.c Cointegration 65 7. The Working of an AB-Model 71 Annex 1: The Notions ofReduced Form and Structure in Structural VAR Modeling 83 Annex 2: Some Considerations on the Semantics, Choice and Management of the K, C and AB-Models 87 Appendix A 93 Appendix B 96 Appendix C (by Antonio Lanzarotti and Mario Seghelini) 99 Appendix D (by Antonio Lanzarotti and Mario Seghelini) 109 References 128 Foreword In recent years a growing interest in the structural VAR approach (SVAR) has followed the path-breaking works by Blanchard and Watson (1986), Bemanke (1986) and Sims (1986), especially in U.S. applied macroeconometric literature. The approach can be used in two different, partially overlapping directions: the interpretation ofbusiness cycle fluctuations of a small number of significantmacroeconomic variables and the identification of the effects of different policies.
Book Synopsis Growth Cycles and Multisectoral Economics: the Goodwin Tradition by : Gianni Ricci
Download or read book Growth Cycles and Multisectoral Economics: the Goodwin Tradition written by Gianni Ricci and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a collection of the most significant contributions to some of R.M. Goodwin's ideas, which were presented on the occasion of the outstanding economist's 73rd birthday celebrations held in Modena on February 24th, 1986. The most important feature of this book is the unique combination of papers by economists, econometricians and mathematicians. Their papers deal with the different aspects of Goodwin's celebrated models. The book is divided into three parts. The first part contains five papers which describe Goodwin's scientific life. The second part is more quantitative and contains extensions and modifications to the nonlinear model of growth cycles. The third part is an economic reflection linked to Goodwin's themes. The book presents a combination of both qualitative and quantitative contributions to Goodwin's pioneering works.
Book Synopsis Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling by : Joachim R. Daduna
Download or read book Computer-Aided Transit Scheduling written by Joachim R. Daduna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume consists of papers presented at the Fourth International Workshop on Computer-Aided Scheduling of Public Transport, which was held in Hamburg from 28th to 31st July 1987. The first of this series of Workshops was held in Chicago in 1975. Papers presented then tended to look forward to what might be done in the future application of computers to problems in transit scheduling. No presentations described systems which had been implemented and were being used on a regular basis, although a few papers discussed apparently successful once-off applications in both bus scheduling and bus crew scheduling (or run-cutting). However, within a few months of the end of that first workshop some systems had been implemented, both in Europe and in North America. By the time of the second Workshop, in Leeds in 1980, several systems were in regular use. Most of the crew scheduling implementations were based on heuristic methods (e.g., RUCUS), although mathematically based methods were being used in Quebec City and in Hamburg, and several papers described further mathematical methods in the course of development. A wide variety of bus scheduling approaches was reported, many of them being in regular use.
Book Synopsis Inventory Control by : Dieter Bartmann
Download or read book Inventory Control written by Dieter Bartmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts in operations research and developers of software application systems have been treading separate paths for many years. It is urgently necessary to reset this course so that the demanding requirements of variousCIM concepts can be realized. This is specially relevant for computer-based stock management. Both authors, with a number of years of practical experience behind them, have written this book with this objective in mind. The book shows how modern inventory control can be rationally structured with the help of OR. Two aspects are given importance:1) the necessary mathematical derivations are completely explained in detail so that the reader will be able to optimally handle a given situation with the help of the methods learned in this book, and 2) aside from the models, strong emphasis is given on numerical methods. Suitable algorithms are thoroughly explained for the more important cases.
