Constitutional Values And European Contract Law

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Constitutional Values and European Contract Law

Author : Stefan Grundmann
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041145273
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Constitutional Values and European Contract Law by : Stefan Grundmann

Download or read book Constitutional Values and European Contract Law written by Stefan Grundmann and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2008-06-27 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two major developments in European Private and European Business Law come together when we speak about "Constitutional Values and European Contract Law". European Contract Law has become extreme¬ly dynamic over the last 10 years, both in substance and perspec¬tive: all core areas are considered now in legal science and in EC legislation, and there are even the prospects of some kind of codification. On the other hand, constitutional values and their impact on private law have been an issue of high concern in major Member States over decades, namely Italy and Germany, but as well the Netherlands - hence the strong presence of scholars and practising lawyers from these countries in this book. Constitutional values have, however, found their way to the EC level and the national discussions have inspired a European one, with three core values discussed: Fundamental Freedoms, fundamental rights and constitutional system building principles- such as the social welfare state or the rule of law. Their impact on private law can be sensed nowadays quite considerably also on the European level. These fundamental values are often seen as the ingredient, which renders European Private Law, namely European Contract Law, more responsive to social values or more "humane". For all these reasons, the book combines comparative law, EC Law and interdisciplinary approaches to the question "Constitutional Values and European Contract Law". Outstanding scholars from six Member States and beyond - quite a few also practising lawyers - discuss the issue and do so for the first time on such a broad and all-encompassing basis.

Fundamental Rights in European Contract Law

Author : Chantal Mak
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041126716
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamental Rights in European Contract Law by : Chantal Mak

Download or read book Fundamental Rights in European Contract Law written by Chantal Mak and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our modern insistence on democratic social values has engendered an intense debate over the intersection of fundamental rights and contract law. In particular, case law in several European national jurisdictions has exerted significant pressure on traditional contract law instruments to conform more transparently with the fundamental rights enshrined in the EC Charter. This pressure is clearly evident in a number of societal areas subject to contract law, among them employment, housing, and privacy. It can even be argued, as this author does, that fundamental rights intermediate between politics and law. Taking its cue from many initiatives toward the development of a more coherent, even harmonised, European contract law, this book is the first major study to examine the following essential questions with detailed reference to actual judicial developments: • To what extent do fundamental rights affect contract law? • In which types of cases can fundamental rights be applied? • What does the explicit consideration of fundamental rights add to contract law adjudication? The author approaches the analysis along two different avenues: first, a comparative overview of developments in case law, and second, a more general theoretical view on the interaction between fundamental rights and rules of contract law which is tested against examples from various legal systems. The focus throughout is on developments in case law, because the impact of fundamental rights in contract law has been felt on the level of dispute resolution rather than on the level of legislation. Germany and the Netherlands are chosen because their judiciaries have been notable for their early and continuing attention to the theme, and England and Italy for perspectives on developments under common law and civil law systems respectively.

The Constitutional Foundations of European Contract Law

Author : Kathleen Gutman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199698309
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis The Constitutional Foundations of European Contract Law by : Kathleen Gutman

Download or read book The Constitutional Foundations of European Contract Law written by Kathleen Gutman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-03 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the author's thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Leuven, 2010.

Rules and Principles in European Contract Law

Author : SECOLA Conference
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781780685434
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (854 download)

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Book Synopsis Rules and Principles in European Contract Law by : SECOLA Conference

Download or read book Rules and Principles in European Contract Law written by SECOLA Conference and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its case law the Court of Justice of the European Union has acknowledged general principles of EU law, which have a constitutional status. In addition the Court of Justice has also recognised 'general principles of civil law', relying upon values which are traditionally rooted in the domain of private law. The pervasive use of principles, both in the case law of the Court of Justice and in other EU projects of 'soft ' and 'hard' law, challenges legal scholarship. Although the concepts of principles and rules have been widely discussed within the context of national legal orders, they need to be rethought at the European level, because the traditional view of a principle does not fit the European Union's constitutional architecture. This also applies to the general principles of civil law, for instance good faith. They also have to be redefined to be consistent with the European Union's legal order.The contributions in this book examine EU general principles and their distinction from rules both within the context of the European Union as well as of the Member States. Moreover, they focus on the relevance of EU general principles for contract law and of principles of civil law for a European contract law

The Constitutional Dimension of Contract Law

Author : Luca Siliquini-Cinelli
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319498436
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis The Constitutional Dimension of Contract Law by : Luca Siliquini-Cinelli

Download or read book The Constitutional Dimension of Contract Law written by Luca Siliquini-Cinelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the hallmarks of the present era is the discourse surrounding Human Rights and the need for the law to recognise them. Various national and supranational human rights instruments have been developed and implemented in order to transition society away from atrocity and callousness toward a more just and inclusive future. In some countries this is done by means of an overarching constitution, while in others international conventions or ordinary legislation hold sway. Contract law plays a pivotal role in this context. According to many, this is done through the much-debated ‘civilising mission’ of the contract, a notion which itself constitutes the canon of the Western liberal principle of ‘civilised economy’. The movement away from the belief in the absolute freedom of contract, which reached its zenith in the nineteenth century, to the principles of fairness and justice that underpin contract law today, is often deemed to be a testament to this civilising influence. Delving into the interplay between human rights policies, constitutional law, and contract law from both theoretical and practical perspectives, this first volume of a two-book collection offers a totally new reappraisal of the subject by gathering a collection of essays written by contract law scholars from Europe, South Africa, Canada, and Australia. Instead of providing the reader with a sterile compilation of positivistic norms and policies on the impact of fundamental rights and constitutional law issues on contract law’s development, the authors build on their personal experience to analyse specific topics related to contracting that include a constitutional dimension. The book fills an important void in comparative law scholarship and in so doing represents the starting point for further debate on the subject.

Rules and Principles in European Contract Law

Author : Jacobien Rutgers
Publisher : Intersentia
ISBN 13 : 9781780682570
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (825 download)

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Book Synopsis Rules and Principles in European Contract Law by : Jacobien Rutgers

Download or read book Rules and Principles in European Contract Law written by Jacobien Rutgers and published by Intersentia. This book was released on 2015-03-01 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the papers presented at the Society of European Contract Law's 13th annual conference. It discusses the effect of constitutional principles, common principles to the laws of the EU Member States, and whether common principles can be transformed into rules. The Society of European Contract Law (SECOLA) promotes the development and understanding of European contract law, including its economic, sociological, and intellectual historic relation in theory and in practice. Further, SECOLA provides an international platform for the discussion of developing and proposed contract law in Europe. In this spirit, the series European Contract Law and Theory combines dogmatic thinking in comparative and EU law with strong social theory considerations, and makes publicly available the results of the discussions of leading scholars and practitioner. (Series: European Contract Law and Theory - Vol. 1) [Subject: European Law, Contract Law]

Justifying Contract in Europe

Author : Martijn W. Hesselink
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192655736
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Justifying Contract in Europe by : Martijn W. Hesselink

Download or read book Justifying Contract in Europe written by Martijn W. Hesselink and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-22 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title explores the normative foundations of European contract law. It addresses fundamental political questions on contract law in Europe from the perspective of leading contemporary political theories. Does the law of contract need a democratic basis? To what extent should it be Europeanised? What justifies the binding force of contract and the main remedies for breach? When should weaker parties be protected? Should market transactions be considered legally void when they are immoral? Which rules of contract law should the parties be free to opt out of? Adopting a critical lens, this book interrogates utilitarian, liberal-egalitarian, libertarian, communitarian, civic republican, and discourse-theoretical political philosophies and analyses the answers they provide to these questions. It also situates these theoretical debates within the context of the political landscape of European contract law and the divergent views expressed by lawmakers, legal academics, and other stakeholders. This work moves beyond the acquis positivism, market reductionism, and private law essentialism that tend to dominate these conversations and foregrounds normative complexity. It explores the principles and values behind various arguments used in the debates on European contract law and its future to highlight the normative stakes involved in the practical question of what we, as a society, should do about contract law in Europe. In so doing, it opens up democratic space for the consideration of alternative futures for contract law in the European Union, and for better justifications for those parts of the EU contract law acquis we wish to retain.

The Harmonisation of European Contract Law

Author : Stefan Vogenauer
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 184731127X
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis The Harmonisation of European Contract Law by : Stefan Vogenauer

Download or read book The Harmonisation of European Contract Law written by Stefan Vogenauer and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2006-03-16 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After an extended period in which the European Community has merely nibbled at the edges of national contract law, the bite of a 'European contract law' has lately become more pronounced. Many areas of law, from competition and consumer law to gender equality law, are now the subject of determined efforts at harmonisation, though they are perhaps often seen as peripheral to mainstream commercial contract law. Despite continuing doubts about the constitutional competence of the Commission to embark on further harmonisation in this area, European contract law is now taking shape with the Commission prompting a debate about what it might attempt. A central aspect of this book is the report of a remarkable survey carried out by the Oxford Institute of European and Comparative Law in collaboration with Clifford Chance, which sought the views of European businesses about the advantages and disadvantages of further harmonisation. The final report of this survey brings much needed empirical data to a debate that has thus far lacked clear evidence of this sort. The survey is embedded in a range of original and up-to-date essays by leading European contract scholars reviewing recent developments, questioning progress so far and suggesting areas where further analysis and research will be required

European Contract Law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights

Author : Hugh Collins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781780684963
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (849 download)

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Book Synopsis European Contract Law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights by : Hugh Collins

Download or read book European Contract Law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights written by Hugh Collins and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays by legal scholars that explores from legal, historical and theoretical perspectives how the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the European Union has affected, and is likely to impact on the development of, contract law and commercial law within the European Union.

The Reach of Free Movement

Author : Mads Andenas
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9462651957
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (626 download)

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Book Synopsis The Reach of Free Movement by : Mads Andenas

Download or read book The Reach of Free Movement written by Mads Andenas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-26 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reach of free movement within the EU Internal Market and what constitutes a restriction are the topics of this book. For many years the tension between free movement and restrictions have been the subject of intense discussion and controversy, and this includes the constitutional reach of the rights conferred by the Treaty of Lisbon. Anything that makes movement less attractive or more burdensome may constitute a restriction. Restrictions may be justified, but only if proportionate. The reach of free movement is fundamental to the Internal Market, both for the economic constitution and increasingly for individual rights in a European legal order that provides constitutional guarantees for rights, exceeding those of free movement. The interaction between fundamental rights and fundamental freedoms to movement distinguishes the EU legal order from the national legal systems. The book falls into four parts, ‘The reach of free movement’, ‘Justifications and Proportionality’, ‘Fundamental rights’, and ‘Looking Abroad’. The clear discussion of the fundamentals and dilemmas regarding the subject of this book should prove useful for academics, practitioners, graduate students as well as EU officials and judges wishing to stay updated on the ongoing scholarly debate regarding relevance to case law. Mads Andenas is Professor at the Department of Private Law, University of Oslo and at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, School of Advanced Studies, University of London. Tarjei Bekkedal is Professor at the Centre for European Law, University of Oslo and the Chair of the Norwegian Association for European Law. Luca Pantaleo is a Lecturer in EU law at The Hague University of Applied Sciences, who obtained a Ph.D. in International and EU Law in 2013 at the University of Macerata in Italy, and who was previously a Senior Researcher at the T.M.C. Asser Institute and Postdoctoral researcher at the University of Luxembourg.

The Principles of European Contract Law (Part III) and Dutch Law

Author : Harriët N. Schelhaas
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041124950
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis The Principles of European Contract Law (Part III) and Dutch Law by : Harriët N. Schelhaas

Download or read book The Principles of European Contract Law (Part III) and Dutch Law written by Harriët N. Schelhaas and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Principles of European Contract Law, prepared by the so-called Lando Commission, today constitute the most advanced project on the harmonisation of European private law. As well as providing a set of rules which could facilitate cross-border trade within Europe, the Principles can be seen as a modern lex mercatoria which, for example, could be referred to by arbitrators deciding a case according to internationally accepted principles of law. Furthermore, the Principles provide a framework for EU legislation on contract law and, more importantly, they can be viewed as a first step towards a European Civil Code. They may also prove to be a catalyst for the development of national legislation, judicial decisions and legal doctrine. This new title, which follows the first volume covering Parts I and II of the Principles, includes chapters on plurality of parties, assignment of claims, transfer of contract, set-off, prescription, illegality and conditions. It provides a systematic overview of the Principles in comparison with Dutch law, which will be of interest not only in the Netherlands but also to lawyers in other countries who need to gain a clearer understanding of the Dutch contract law system.

Principles of European Contract Law

Author : Commission on European Contract Law
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041119612
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of European Contract Law by : Commission on European Contract Law

Download or read book Principles of European Contract Law written by Commission on European Contract Law and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2003-03-01 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers proposed Articles, followed by comments and information. Topics include: plurality of debtors and creditors, assignment, substitution of new debtor and transfer of contract, set- off, prescription, illegality, and conditions and capitalisation of interest.

The Many Concepts of Social Justice in European Private Law

Author : H. W. Micklitz
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857935895
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (579 download)

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Book Synopsis The Many Concepts of Social Justice in European Private Law by : H. W. Micklitz

Download or read book The Many Concepts of Social Justice in European Private Law written by H. W. Micklitz and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Does European regulatory private law offer a genuine model of justice for society? Beyond its initial libertarian focus on economic integration through the market citizen, might it now serve the social inclusion of the vulnerable? In the wake of Hans Micklitz's inspired and relentless pursuit of meaning within the ongoing constitutionalization of private law relationships, this rich collection explores the implications of new, specifically European, forms of access rights, which ensure (horizontally and vertically) enforceable and non-discriminatory opportunity for market participation.' Horatia Muir Watt, Columbia Law School, US This insightful book, with contributions from leading international scholars, examines the European model of social justice in private law that has developed over the 20th century. The first set of articles is devoted to the relationship between corrective, commutative, procedural and social justice, more particularly the role and function of commutative justice in contrast to social justice. The second section brings together scholars who discuss the relationship between constitutional order, the values enshrined in the constitutional order and the impact of constitutional values on private law relations. The third section focuses on the impact of socio-economic developments within the EU and within selected Member States on the proprietary order of the EU, on the role and function of the emerging welfare state and the judiciary, as well as on nation state specific patterns of social justice. The final section tests the hypothesis to what extent patterns of social justice are context related and differ in between labour, consumer and competition law. The Many Concepts of Social Justice in European Private Law will prove to be of great interest to academics of law, as well as to private lawyers and European policymakers.

The Politics of a European Civil Code

Author : Martijn Willem Hesselink
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041124101
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of a European Civil Code by : Martijn Willem Hesselink

Download or read book The Politics of a European Civil Code written by Martijn Willem Hesselink and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a significant number of claims having been brought under NAFTA Chapter 11 in the last 3 years, public and professional interest in this topic has been growing significantly. Quite simply, anyone doing business under NAFTA, or anyone representing a company doing business under NAFTA, must be completely familiar with the provisions of Chapter 11. Combining expert commentary with complete primary source materials and case law, Kluwer Law International's "Investment Disputes Under NAFTA" is the must-have resource for anyone planning - or already involved in - a Chapter 11 claim. NAFTA's Chapter 11, like many treaties, sets forth rules for arbitration. Current procedures have been developed, in part, as cases have arisen and been resolved. This book enables anyone interested in these procedures to know exactly the current state of the law. Only "Investment Disputes Under NAFTA" delivers: Article-by-Article explanations of the ins and outs of Chapter 11; a valuable collection of key case law that has been affected by Chapter 11; accurate and thorough cross-referencing to help you quickly and easily find all relevant material; and logical organization of all materials as well as a complete index and table of cases. This one-of-a-kind resource is practice based and user-friendly. It is the only product to collect the body of NAFTA jurisprudence. It also incorporates substantial references to decisions in other investment treaty cases, decisions by mixed claims commissions and other arbitral bodies, Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal jurisprudence, and International Court of Justice decisions. Kluwer Law International's "Investment Disputes Under NAFTA" also contains charts presenting valuable information such as the arbitrators in each case, the rules under which the arbitrations have been conducted, and the remedies granted in each particular case

European Contract Law

Author : Bénédicte Fauvarque-Cosson
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3866537255
Total Pages : 649 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis European Contract Law by : Bénédicte Fauvarque-Cosson

Download or read book European Contract Law written by Bénédicte Fauvarque-Cosson and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009-04-27 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Association Henri Capitant des Amis de la Culture Juridique Française and the Société de législation comparée joined the academic network on European Contract Law in 2005 to work on the elaboration of a "common terminology" and on "guiding principles" as well as to propose a revised version of the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL). The results of this work were sent to the European Commission and have already been published in French. The English translation is now being published by sellier.elp. This work could contribute to the wider European project. The part on the guiding principles could be a component of the CFR, in the form of "black letter" model rules or recitals. The part on terminology is, in itself, useful for the elaboration of the final various linguistic versions of the CFR. It finds its place within the materials which will accompany the model rules. Last but by no means least, the revised version of the PECL should be considered by the European institutions as an alternative set of model rules on contract law.

Constitutional Values and European Contract Law

Author : Stefan Grundmann
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041127658
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Constitutional Values and European Contract Law by : Stefan Grundmann

Download or read book Constitutional Values and European Contract Law written by Stefan Grundmann and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two major developments in European Private and European Business Law come together when we speak about "Constitutional Values and European Contract Law". European Contract Law has become extreme?ly dynamic over the last 10 years, both in substance and perspec?tive: all core areas are considered now in legal science and in EC legislation, and there are even the prospects of some kind of codification. On the other hand, constitutional values and their impact on private law have been an issue of high concern in major Member States over decades, namely Italy and Germany, but as well the Netherlands - hence the strong presence of scholars and practising lawyers from these countries in this book. Constitutional values have, however, found their way to the EC level and the national discussions have inspired a European one, with three core values discussed: Fundamental Freedoms, fundamental rights and constitutional system building principles- such as the social welfare state or the rule of law. Their impact on private law can be sensed nowadays quite considerably also on the European level. These fundamental values are often seen as the ingredient, which renders European Private Law, namely European Contract Law, more responsive to social values or more "humane". For all these reasons, the book combines comparative law, EC Law and interdisciplinary approaches to the question "Constitutional Values and European Contract Law". Outstanding scholars from six Member States and beyond - quite a few also practising lawyers - discuss the issue and do so for the first time on such a broad and all encompassing basis.

Principles of European Contract Law and Italian Law

Author : Luisa Antoniolli
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041123725
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of European Contract Law and Italian Law by : Luisa Antoniolli

Download or read book Principles of European Contract Law and Italian Law written by Luisa Antoniolli and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To provide valuable legal service to persons in today's Europe, practitioners must be conversant in both national and transnational law. At the European level, the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL) are an increasingly important element of contract law, together with national contract law, as contained in Civil Codes and various national statute. Accordingly, Kluwer Law International has initiated a series of volumes, under the direction of prof. Hondius of the University of Utrecht, comparing PECL with the most important European legal systems. This volume on Italian law is the second in the series. Using a straightforward comparative method, the editors¿ analysis not only reveals a significant area of convergence between the PECL and Italian contract law, but also highlights the main differences between the two bodies of rules. The reasons for these differences, both legal and non-legal (such as historical, social, economic), are clearly set forth. The book provides complete texts, with annotations, of the PECL and the corresponding Italian rules. The presentation proceeds as follows: general provisions (scope of application, general duties, terminology)formation of contracts (general provisions, offer and acceptance, liability for negotiations)authority of agents (general provisions, direct and indirect representation)validityinterpretationcontents and effectsperformancenon-performance and remedies in generalparticular remedies for non-performance (right to performance, withholding performance, termination of the contract, price reduction, damages and interest) The editors commentary includes extensive reference to case law and legal doctrine at all essential points. In this way they provide a comprehensive description of the law in action as well as its evolving trends. In addition, incisive essays by two leading experts in the field of comparative law, prof. Rodolfo Sacco and prof. Michael Joachim Bonell, analyse the relationship of the PECL and Italian law and its wider framework in the harmonisation of private law at the European and international levels. The book is a valuable handbook and guide for both foreign and Italian lawyers. For non-Italian lawyers, be they practitioners or academics, it provides a concise but complete and up-to-date outline of current Italian contract law, organized on the basis of a system (PECL) with which many European lawyers are familiar. For Italian lawyers, it offers a clearer insight into a wider European legal contract system whose importance in the evolution of a common European private law is growing rapidly. Principles of European Contract Law Series 2