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Considerations In The Design And Analysis Of Chronic Aquatic Tests Of Toxicity
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Book Synopsis Considerations in the Design and Analysis of Chronic Aquatic Tests of Toxicity by : WJ. Collins
Download or read book Considerations in the Design and Analysis of Chronic Aquatic Tests of Toxicity written by WJ. Collins and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some considerations in the planning of toxicity tests and in the reporting of results are discussed. The need for using standardized stocks of fish and standardized data recording and data reporting procedures is argued. Standardized sheets for reporting hatchability data are presented as an example of a number of standardized data reporting sheets developed by the authors.
Book Synopsis Design and Analysis of Chronic Aquatic Tests of Toxicity by : Paul I. Feder
Download or read book Design and Analysis of Chronic Aquatic Tests of Toxicity written by Paul I. Feder and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present investigation considers aspects of the planning of, reporting results from, and the statistical analysis of data arising from chronic aquatic tests of toxicity with fathead minnows. The discussion emphasizes analyses and data displays for the interpretation of qualitative mortality and abnormality data and quantitative weight data. The report consists of nineteen sections. Section I-IV describe the literature search, argue for and present a set of standardized data reporting formats, and contain some suggestions for further improving and standardizing the test procedure. Section V briefly describes the early life stage testing procedure and the resulting data. Sections VI-XIX discuss various topics pertaining to the statistical analysis of such data and to statistical aspects in the design of toxicity tests. Techniques discussed include preliminary graphical displays, tests for homogeneity among tanks within treatment groups, adjustments to account for tank heterogeneity within groups, outlier detection procedures, overall tests for treatment effects, multiple comparions and pairwise confidence intervals of treatment groups with the control group, analysis of variance, regression analyis and parametric and nonparametric dose response curve fits along with associated estimates of 'safe concentrations'. All suggested procedures are illustrated with real examples based on aquatic toxicity data. Several newly developed, specialized computer programs are described to carry out nonstandard analyses. (Author).
Book Synopsis Design and Analysis of Chronic Aquatic Tests of Toxicity with Daphnia Magna by : P. I. Feder
Download or read book Design and Analysis of Chronic Aquatic Tests of Toxicity with Daphnia Magna written by P. I. Feder and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investigation considers aspects of the summarization, graphical display, and statistical analysis of data arising from chronic aquatic tests of toxicity with Daphnia magna and statistical issues involved in the planning of such tests. All procedures are illustrated with examples based on real data. The report consists of fifteen sections. Section I describes the data and the toxicity tests from which they come. Sections II-VIII discuss and illustrate various preliminary data displays and statistical analyses including preliminary graphical displays, tests for beaker to beaker heterogeneity within treatment groups, adjustments to account for such beaker to beaker heterogeneity, outlier detection procedure, comparisons of average response levels in the water and solvent control groups, and the extent of association between length and reproduction responses. Originator-supplied keywords: Daphnia Magna; Chronic aquatic toxicity tests; Statistical analysis; Graphical data display; Tests of hypothesis; Confidence intervals; Dose response estimation; Multiple regression analysis; Computer programs; Experimental design; Outlier detection; Variance; Heterogeneity; and Adjustments.
Book Synopsis Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms by :
Download or read book Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms by :
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Toxicity Testing by : K. Clive Thompson
Download or read book Environmental Toxicity Testing written by K. Clive Thompson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-05 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As an integral component of environmental policy, it has become essential to regulate and monitor toxic substances. Past emphasis has been primarily on analytical approaches to the detection of specific, targeted contaminants, thus allowing chemical characterisation. However, toxicity testing or biological assessment is necessary for ecotoxicological evaluation, and this offers marked benefits and advantages that complement chemical analysis. Key issues to be addressed include identification of pertinent tests, reproducibility and robustness of these tests, and cost considerations.This book examines these issues and describes and explains the approaches that have been developed for environmental toxicity evaluations. Advantages, benefits and drawbacks of the strategies and methods are highlighted. Directed equally at ecotoxicologists, industrial chemists, analytical chemists and environmental consultants, this book is written in a way that will prove helpful to both new and experienced practitioners.
Book Synopsis Technical Support Document for Water Quality-based Toxics Control by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water
Download or read book Technical Support Document for Water Quality-based Toxics Control written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates by :
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aquatics Toxicology and Hazard Assessment by :
Download or read book Aquatics Toxicology and Hazard Assessment written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment by : J. G. Pearson
Download or read book Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment written by J. G. Pearson and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1982 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Nonclinical Drug Development by : Ali S. Faqi
Download or read book A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Nonclinical Drug Development written by Ali S. Faqi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Nonclinical Drug Development, Second Edition, is a valuable reference designed to provide a complete understanding of all aspects of nonclinical toxicology in the development of small molecules and biologics. This updated edition has been reorganized and expanded to include important topics such as stem cells in nonclinical toxicology, inhalation and dermal toxicology, pitfalls in drug development, biomarkers in toxicology, and more. Thoroughly updated to reflect the latest scientific advances and with increased coverage of international regulatory guidelines, this second edition is an essential and practical resource for all toxicologists involved in nonclinical testing in industry, academic, and regulatory settings. Provides unique content that is not always covered together in one comprehensive resource, including chapters on stem cells, abuse liability, biomarkers, inhalation toxicology, biostatistics, and more Updated with the latest international guidelines for nonclinical toxicology in both small and large molecules Incorporates practical examples in order to illustrate day-to-day activities and the expectations associated with working in nonclinical toxicology
Book Synopsis Research Needs for Rapid Assessments of Chronic Toxicity by : WJ. Birge
Download or read book Research Needs for Rapid Assessments of Chronic Toxicity written by WJ. Birge and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronicity frequently is the most important and sensitive factor in determining the impact of toxicant stress on aquatic biota. However, chronic values are often unavailable or inadequate to provide decisive judgments in hazard assessment. Time and cost constraints involved in generating traditional chronic data also pose equally important problems in basic toxicological research. In assessing rapid means for estimating chronicity, attention is given to predictive models based on structure-activity relationships, extrapolations from acute toxicity data, and use of short chronic (mini-chronic) tests. High priority is placed on further development and evaluation of mini-chronic tests, which have been used successfully to characterize single compounds and complex effluents, evaluate effluent treatability, and determine the effects of point-source discharges on natural receiving waters. Methods most commonly used have involved (1) a five to eight-day fish embryo-larval test, (2) a seven-day cladoceran test, and (3) a seven-day fathead minnow larval growth test. General research needs are summarized as follows: (1) Evaluation of short toxicity tests presently available. This should include accuracy and reproducibility of endpoint determinations and statistical correlations between minichronic data and results obtained using traditional chronic and embryo-larval tests. (2) Design of multiple species tests, in-stream flow-through tests, and other short-term test procedures for estimating chronic effects of complex effluents and single compounds. (3) Determination of the effects of laboratory and field conditions, general water quality characteristics, and selection of animal species on results of mini-chronic tests. (4) Consideration of nonorganismal tests or mathematical models that may be used to estimate chronicity. Such research may include enzyme inhibition tests, QSAR-based modeling, and extrapolations based on acute toxicity data. (5) Investigations of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in acute and chronic toxicity. Analyzing the accuracy and extrapolative value of acute, mini-chronic, and chronic tests data depends in large measure on understanding the pharmacodynamics of toxicants affecting aqautic biota.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates by : W. Waynon Johnson
Download or read book Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates written by W. Waynon Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309478219 Total Pages :341 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-04-24 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, duration of spill, water depth, environmental conditions, affected biomes, potential human community impact, and available resources may vary significantly. Also, each spill may be governed by policy guidelines, such as those set forth in the National Response Plan, Regional Response Plans, or Area Contingency Plans. To respond effectively to the specific conditions presented during an oil spill, spill responders have used a variety of response optionsâ€"including mechanical recovery of oil using skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by chemical dispersants. Because each response method has advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand specific scenarios where a net benefit may be achieved by using a particular tool or combination of tools. This report builds on two previous National Research Council reports on dispersant use to provide a current understanding of the state of science and to inform future marine oil spill response operations. The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill included an unprecedented use of dispersants via both surface application and subsea injection. The magnitude of the spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill response, and dispersant use in particular. This study assesses the effects and efficacy of dispersants as an oil spill response tool and evaluates trade-offs associated with dispersant use.
Book Synopsis Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identification Evaluations by : E. J. Durhan
Download or read book Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identification Evaluations written by E. J. Durhan and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children by : National Research Council
Download or read book Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.
Book Synopsis Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests with Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians by : Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms
Download or read book Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests with Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians written by Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
