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Consequences Of Hydroxyl Generation By The Silica Water Reaction Part Ii Global And Local Swelling Part Iii Damage And Youngs Modulus
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Book Synopsis Consequences of hydroxyl generation by the silica/water reaction - Part II: Global and local Swelling - Part III: Damage and Young's Modulus by : Fett, Theo
Download or read book Consequences of hydroxyl generation by the silica/water reaction - Part II: Global and local Swelling - Part III: Damage and Young's Modulus written by Fett, Theo and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2022-07-11 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water diffusing into silica surfaces gives rise for several effects on diffusion behaviour and mechanical properties. In a preceding booklet, we focused on diffusion and fiber strengths and deformations which were obtained by water soaking under external loading. In the present booklet we deal with results and interpretations of strength increase in the absence of applied stresses.
Book Synopsis Consequences of hydroxyl generation by the silica/water reaction - Part I: Diffusion and Swelling by : Fett, Theo
Download or read book Consequences of hydroxyl generation by the silica/water reaction - Part I: Diffusion and Swelling written by Fett, Theo and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2022-07-11 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water diffusing into silica surfaces gives rise for several effectson diffusion behaviour and mechanical properties. Water added to silica glass increases its specific volume so that the silica expands near the surface. Mechanical boundary conditions give rise for compressive “swelling stresses”. This fact provides a tool for the interpretation of many experimental observations from literature.
Book Synopsis Alkoxysilanes and the Consolidation of Stone by : George Wheeler
Download or read book Alkoxysilanes and the Consolidation of Stone written by George Wheeler and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stone is one of the oldest building materials, and its conservation ranks as one of the most challenging in the field. The use of alkoxysilanes in the conservation of stone can be traced as far back as 1861, when A. W. von Hoffman suggested their use for the deteriorating limestone on the Houses of Parliament in London. Alkoxysilane-based formulations have since become the material of choice for the consolidation of stone outdoors.^l This volume, the first to cover comprehensively alkoxysilanes in stone consolidation, synthesizes the subject's vast and extensive literature, which ranges from production of alkoxysilanes in the nineteenth century to the extensive contributions from sol-gel science in the 1980s and 90s. Included are a historical overview, an annotated bibliography, and discussions of the following topics: the chemistry and physics of alkoxysilanes and their gels; the influence of stone type; commercial and noncommercial formulations; practice; lab and field evaluation of service life; and recent developments. This book is designed for conservators, scientists, and preservation architects in the field of stone conservation and will also serve as an indispensable introduction to the subject for students of art conservation and historic preservation.
Book Synopsis Polymer Science and Engineering by : National Research Council
Download or read book Polymer Science and Engineering written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are used in everything from nylon stockings to commercial aircraft to artificial heart valves, and they have a key role in addressing international competitiveness and other national issues. Polymer Science and Engineering explores the universe of polymers, describing their properties and wide-ranging potential, and presents the state of the science, with a hard look at downward trends in research support. Leading experts offer findings, recommendations, and research directions. Lively vignettes provide snapshots of polymers in everyday applications. The volume includes an overview of the use of polymers in such fields as medicine and biotechnology, information and communication, housing and construction, energy and transportation, national defense, and environmental protection. The committee looks at the various classes of polymersâ€"plastics, fibers, composites, and other materials, as well as polymers used as membranes and coatingsâ€"and how their composition and specific methods of processing result in unparalleled usefulness. The reader can also learn the science behind the technology, including efforts to model polymer synthesis after nature's methods, and breakthroughs in characterizing polymer properties needed for twenty-first-century applications. This informative volume will be important to chemists, engineers, materials scientists, researchers, industrialists, and policymakers interested in the role of polymers, as well as to science and engineering educators and students.
Download or read book Sol-Gel Optics written by Lisa C. Klein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sol--Gel--Optics encompasses numerous schemes for fabricating optical materials from gels -- materials such as bulk optics, optical waveguides, doped oxides for laser and nonlinear optics, gradient refractive index (GRIN) optics, chemical sensors, environmental sensors, and `smart' windows. Sol--Gel--Optics: Processing and Applications provides in-depth coverage of the synthesis and fabrication of these materials and discusses the optics related to microporous, amorphous, crystalline and composite materials. The reader will also find in this book detailed descriptions of new developments in silica optics, bulk optics, waveguides and thin films. Various applications to sensor and device technology are highlighted. For researchers and students looking for novel optical materials, processing methods or device ideas, Sol--Gel--Optics: Processing and Applications surveys a wide array of promising new avenues for further investigation and for innovative applications. (This book is the first in a new subseries entitled `Electronic Materials: Science and Technology).
Book Synopsis Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete by : Marc-Andre Berube
Download or read book Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete written by Marc-Andre Berube and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils by : L. E. Allison
Download or read book Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils written by L. E. Allison and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants by : Perrin Walker
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants written by Perrin Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-11 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents cleaning and etching solutions, their applications, and results on inorganic materials. It is a comprehensive collection of etching and cleaning solutions in a single source. Chemical formulas are presented in one of three standard formats - general, electrolytic or ionized gas formats - to insure inclusion of all necessary operational data as shown in references that accompany each numbered formula. The book describes other applications of specific solutions, including their use on other metals or metallic compounds. Physical properties, association of natural and man-made minerals, and materials are shown in relationship to crystal structure, special processing techniques and solid state devices and assemblies fabricated. This publication also presents a number of organic materials which are widely used in handling and general processing...waxes, plastics, and lacquers for example. It is useful to individuals involved in study, development, and processing of metals and metallic compounds. It is invaluable for readers from the college level to industrial R & D and full-scale device fabrication, testing and sales. Scientific disciplines, work areas and individuals with great interest include: chemistry, physics, metallurgy, geology, solid state, ceramic and glass, research libraries, individuals dealing with chemical processing of inorganic materials, societies and schools.
Book Synopsis Lectures on Materials Science for Architectural Conservation by : Giorgio Torraca
Download or read book Lectures on Materials Science for Architectural Conservation written by Giorgio Torraca and published by . This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on Dr. Torraca's 2002 publication, Lezioni di scienza e tecnologia dei materiali per restauro dei monumenti. The English-language Lectures includes new and updated material. An excellent resource for architectural conservators, engineers, and conservation scientists.
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling of AAR by : Victor Saouma
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of AAR written by Victor Saouma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-05 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book presents the theory and methodology to conduct a finite element assessment of concrete structures subjected to chemically induced volumetric expansion in general and alkali aggregate reaction in particular. It is limited to models developed by the author, and focuses on how to best address a simple question: if a structure suffers from AAR, how is its structural integrity jeopardized, and when would the reaction end. Subjects treated are: • Brief overview of AAR: nature of the chemical reactions, AAR in both dams and nuclear power plants, and how does it impact the mechanical properties of concrete. • Constitutive model for both the AAR expansion, and concrete nonlinearities (both smeared and discrete crack models). • Validation of the model along with a parametric study to assess what are the critical parameters in a study. • Selection of material properties for an AAR finite element simulation, followed by applications in dams and massive reinforced concrete structures. • Micro Model for improved understanding of the essence of the reaction, along with a newly proposed mathematical model for the kinetics of the reaction. • Review of relevant procedures to estimate the residual expansion of a structure suffering from AAR, along with a proposed approach to determine when the reaction will end. The book is extensively illustrated with numerous figures and provides guidance to engineers confronted with swelling in concrete infrastructures.
Book Synopsis Carbon Black by : Jean-Baptiste Donnet
Download or read book Carbon Black written by Jean-Baptiste Donnet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-05-13 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this reference provides comprehensive examinations of developments in the processing and applications of carbon black, including the use of new analytical tools such as scanning tunnelling microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and inverse gas chromatography.;Completely rewritten and updated by numerous experts in the field to reflect the enormous growth of the field since the publication of the previous edition, Carbon Black: discusses the mechanism of carbon black formation based on recent advances such as the discovery of fullerenes; elucidates micro- and macrostructure morphology and other physical characteristics; outlines the fractal geometry of carbon black as a new approach to characterization; reviews the effect of carbon black on the electrical and thermal conductivity of filled polymers; delineates the applications of carbon black in elastomers, plastics, and zerographic toners; and surveys possible health consequences of exposure to carbon black.;With over 1200 literature citations, tables, and figures, this resource is intended for physical, polymer, surface and colloid chemists; chemical and plastics engineers; spectroscopists; materials scientists; occupational safety and health physicians; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
Book Synopsis The Chemistry of Silica by : Ralph K. Iler
Download or read book The Chemistry of Silica written by Ralph K. Iler and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1979-06-06 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena Milton J. Rosen Bridging the gap between purely theoretical aspects of surface chemistry and the purely empirical experience of the industrial technologist, this book applies theoretical surface chemistry to understanding the action of surfactants in modifying interfacial phenomena. It surveys the structural types of commercially available surfactants and discusses interfacial phenomena, the physicochemical principles underlying the action of surfactants in each phenomenon, and the effect of structural changes in the surfactants and environmental changes on their action. Tables of data on various interfacial properties of surfactants, compiled and calculated from the latest scientific literature, are included. 1978 304 pp. An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry, 2nd Ed. H. van Olphen This book provides valuable guidance in research and design efforts by giving a clear understanding of principles and concepts of colloid chemistry as applied to clay systems. Updated and enlarged, this edition includes new information on surface characterization and adsorption mechanisms; recent results in the area of clay-organic interaction--the intercalation and intersalation of kaolinite minerals; and increased attention to the possible role of clays in biological evolution. 1977 318 pp. Physicochemical Processes for Water Quality Control Walter J. Weber, Jr. Focusing on physicochemical rather than biological processes, this book presents a comprehensive treatise on the treatment of municipal and industrial water and wastewater. All of the physicochemical processes important to municipal and industrial water and wastewater treatment--coagulation, filtration, membrane processes, chemical oxidation, and others--are included and each is covered thoroughly from principle through application. To maintain a high level of expertise, contributions have been incorporated from specialists actively involved in research or engineering applications in each area considered. 1972 640 pp.
Book Synopsis Long-Term Durability of Polymeric Matrix Composites by : Kishore V. Pochiraju
Download or read book Long-Term Durability of Polymeric Matrix Composites written by Kishore V. Pochiraju and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-25 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-Term Durability of Polymeric Matrix Composites presents a comprehensive knowledge-set of matrix, fiber and interphase behavior under long-term aging conditions, theoretical modeling and experimental methods. This book covers long-term constituent behavior, predictive methodologies, experimental validation and design practice. Readers will also find a discussion of various applications, including aging air craft structures, aging civil infrastructure, in addition to engines and high temperature applications.
Book Synopsis Cellulose-Based Superabsorbent Hydrogels by : Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
Download or read book Cellulose-Based Superabsorbent Hydrogels written by Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the prospect of revolutionizing specific technologies, this book highlights the most exciting and impactful current research in the fields of cellulose-based superabsorbent hydrogels with their smart applications. The book assembles the newest synthetic routes, characterization methods, and applications in the emergent area. Leading experts in the field have contributed chapters representative of their most recent research results, shedding light on the enormous potential of this field and thoroughly presenting cellulose-based hydrogel functioning materials. The book is intended for the polymer chemists, academic and industrial scientists and engineers, pharmaceutical and biomedical scientists and agricultural engineers engaged in research and development on absorbency, absorbent products and superabsorbent hydrogels. It can also be supportive for undergraduate and graduate students.
Book Synopsis Engineered Interfaces in Fiber Reinforced Composites by : Jang-Kyo Kim
Download or read book Engineered Interfaces in Fiber Reinforced Composites written by Jang-Kyo Kim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-10-21 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study and application of composite materials are a truly interdisciplinary endeavour that has been enriched by contributions from chemistry, physics, materials science, mechanics and manufacturing engineering. The understanding of the interface (or interphase) in composites is the central point of this interdisciplinary effort. From the early development of composite materials of various nature, the optimization of the interface has been of major importance. While there are many reference books available on composite materials, few of them deal specifically with the science and mechanics of the interface of fiber reinforced composites. Further, many recent advances devoted solely to research in composite interfaces have been scattered in a variety of published literature and have yet to be assembled in a readily accessible form. To this end this book is an attempt to bring together recent developments in the field, both from the materials science and mechanics perspective, in a single convenient volume. The central theme of the book is tailoring the interface properties to optimise the mechanical peformance and structural integrity of composites with enhanced strength/stiffness and fracture toughness (or specific fracture resistance). It deals mainly with interfaces in advanced composites made from high performance fibers, such as glass, carbon, aramid, ultra high modulus polyethylene and some inorganic (e.g. B/W, A12O3, SiC) fibers, and matrix materials encompassing polymers, metals/alloys and ceramics. The book is intended to provide a comprehensive treatment of composite interfaces in such a way that it should be of interest to materials scientists, technologists and practising engineers, as well as graduate students and their supervisors in advanced composites. We hope that this book will also serve as a valuable source of reference to all those involved in the design and research of composite interfaces. The book contains eight chapters of discussions on microstructure-property relationships with underlying fundamental mechanics principles. In Chapter 1, an introduction is given to the nature and definition of interfaces in fiber reinforced composites. Chapter 2 is devoted to the mechanisms of adhesion which are specific to each fiber-matrix system, and the physio-chemical characterization of the interface with regard to the origin of adhesion. The experimental techniques that have been developed to assess the fiber-matrix interface bond quality on a microscopic scale are presented in Chapter 3, along with the techniques of measuring interlaminar/intralaminar strengths and fracture toughness using bulk composite laminates. The applicability and limitations associated with loading geometry and interpretation of test data are compared. Chapter 4 presents comprehensive theoretical analyses based on shear-lag models of the single fiber composite tests, with particular interest being placed on the interface debond process and the nature of the fiber-matrix interfacial bonding. Chapter 5 is devoted to reviewing current techniques of fiber surface treatments which have been devised to improve the bond strength and the fiber-matrix compatibility/stability during the manufacturing processes of composites. The micro-failure mechanisms and their associated theories of fracture toughness of composites are discussed in Chapter 6. The roles of the interface and its effects on the mechanical performance of fiber composites are addressed from several viewpoints. Recent research efforts to augment the transverse and interlaminar fracture toughness by means of controlled interfaces are presented in Chapters 7 and 8.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309478219 Total Pages :341 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-04-24 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, duration of spill, water depth, environmental conditions, affected biomes, potential human community impact, and available resources may vary significantly. Also, each spill may be governed by policy guidelines, such as those set forth in the National Response Plan, Regional Response Plans, or Area Contingency Plans. To respond effectively to the specific conditions presented during an oil spill, spill responders have used a variety of response optionsâ€"including mechanical recovery of oil using skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by chemical dispersants. Because each response method has advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand specific scenarios where a net benefit may be achieved by using a particular tool or combination of tools. This report builds on two previous National Research Council reports on dispersant use to provide a current understanding of the state of science and to inform future marine oil spill response operations. The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill included an unprecedented use of dispersants via both surface application and subsea injection. The magnitude of the spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill response, and dispersant use in particular. This study assesses the effects and efficacy of dispersants as an oil spill response tool and evaluates trade-offs associated with dispersant use.
Book Synopsis Current Topics in the Utilization of Clay in Industrial and Medical Applications by : Mansoor Zoveidavianpoor
Download or read book Current Topics in the Utilization of Clay in Industrial and Medical Applications written by Mansoor Zoveidavianpoor and published by . This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
