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Consequences Of Biotech Innovation In Crop Seed
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Book Synopsis Consequences of Biotech Innovation in Crop Seed by : Irena Vasileva Tsvetkova
Download or read book Consequences of Biotech Innovation in Crop Seed written by Irena Vasileva Tsvetkova and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation analyses the effect of technology on consumers and producers in the U.S. cottonseed industry. The industry has experienced a sharp innovation spur since the commercialization of genetically-modified seed in 1996. Product differentiation has increased many&ndashfold due to these new technologies giving rise to concerns about market power and to a much larger menu of choices for farmers. The biotechnology and seed-producer sectors have adapted to these changes by engaging in rapid consolidation (Fuglie et al., 2011). In the meantime, farmers have almost fully adopted genetically-modified seed in the 17 years since their introduction. The first chapter estimates a structural discrete-choice demand model and analyzes product substitution patterns. I deal with the problem of dimensionality with the aid of a great data set and by using a demand system that reduces the dimensionality problem yet does not restrict substitution patterns. I use several sources of exogenous variation to obtain consistent estimates. I find that genetically-modified seed are preferred to conventional seed and that preferences vary by individual. The second chapter looks at the economic effects from new product introductions. In the context of industry transformations of the past 17 years biotech companies have been accused of using innovation to reap surplus from farmers. I address this concern by looking at one of the more controversial genetic innovations in cottonseed. Using demand estimates from the first chapter and under assumptions about the nature of competition, I simulate prices that would clear the market without the innovation. This allows me to calculate changes in farmer surplus and in seed firm variable profits. I find that both farmers and seed firms benefited from this biotech innovation in cottonseed. The third chapter measures the effect of technology and market factors on product turnover rate. While the introduction of new production technologies has definitely increased the number of products offered, the isolated effect of industry consolidation on product availability is unclear. I test five hypotheses on product turnover and limit my analysis to products introduced and dropped out of the market within the observed period to estimate the effects of technology and concentration on survival. I find that genetically-modified seed survives longer than conventional seed and that products sold by bigger vertically-integrated seed firms have a longer product life. This could negatively affect the investment decisions of smaller local seed firms and decrease the availability of seed specifically adapted to meet local climate and soil conditions.
Book Synopsis Emerging Consequences of Biotechnology by : Krishna R. Dronamraju
Download or read book Emerging Consequences of Biotechnology written by Krishna R. Dronamraju and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal message of this book is that thermodynamics and statistical mechanics will benefit from replacing the unfortunate, misleading and mysterious term "entropy" with a more familiar, meaningful and appropriate term such as information, missing information or uncertainty. This replacement would facilitate the interpretation of the "driving force" of many processes in terms of informational changes and dispel the mystery that has always enshrouded entropy. It has been 140 years since Clausius coined the term "entropy"; almost 50 years since Shannon developed the mathematical theory of "information"--Subsequently renamed "entropy." In this book, the author advocates replacing "entropy" by "information," a term that has become widely used in many branches of science. The author also takes a new and bold approach to thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. Information is used not only as a tool for predicting distributions but as the fundamental cornerstone concept of thermodynamics, held until now by the term "entropy." The topics covered include the fundamentals of probability and information theory; the general concept of information as well as the particular concept of information as applied in thermodynamics; the re-derivation of the Sackur-Tetrode equation for the entropy of an ideal gas from purely informational arguments; the fundamental formalism of statistical mechanics; and many examples of simple processes the "driving force" for which is analyzed in terms of information.
Book Synopsis Potential Impacts of Crop Biotechnology in Developing Countries by : Matin Qaim
Download or read book Potential Impacts of Crop Biotechnology in Developing Countries written by Matin Qaim and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop biotechnology could boost global food production in a sustainable way. However, the economic repercussions of biotechnology for developing countries are largely unknown and have been the subject of acute controversy over the last few years. This study deals with the topic and provides some preliminary empirical results. An analytical framework for the ex ante evaluation of biotechnology in smallholder agriculture is developed, which is then used within three different case studies in Kenya and Mexico. It is shown that biotechnology holds great potentials for poor agricultural producers and consumers. Yet appropriate institutional adjustments are required to capitalize on these potentials. Implications for national and international biotechnology policies are discussed.
Book Synopsis Seeds, Science, and Struggle by : Abby J. Kinchy
Download or read book Seeds, Science, and Struggle written by Abby J. Kinchy and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: genes out of place -- Free markets, sound science -- The maize movement and expert advice -- The politics of biosafety monitoring -- Patents on out-of-place genes -- Protecting organic markets -- Conclusion: science and struggles for change.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Biotechnology by : Margriet F. Caswell
Download or read book Agricultural Biotechnology written by Margriet F. Caswell and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the economic, scientific, and social factors that will influence the future of biotechnology in agriculture. Shows that both private and public sector R&D are contributing significantly to the development of biotechnologies. A review of 23 published studies on the subject.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Seed Industry Concentration on Innovation by : David Schimmelpfennig
Download or read book The Impact of Seed Industry Concentration on Innovation written by David Schimmelpfennig and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural research drives increases in agricultural productivity, and the number of private agricultural input firms has been declining. The empirical relationship between the number of firms doing applied biotechnology crop research and the amount of research output they produce is investigated in a research profit function model. Increases in seed industry concentration have reduced biotech research intensity in the United States in the 1990s. Concentration and research are simultaneously determined and are influenced by the appropriability of research results and the state of technological opportunity.
Book Synopsis Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants by : National Research Council
Download or read book Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-02-22 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transgenic crops offer the promise of increased agricultural productivity and better quality foods. But they also raise the specter of harmful environmental effects. In this new book, a panel of experts examines: • Similarities and differences between crops developed by conventional and transgenic methods • Potential for commercialized transgenic crops to change both agricultural and nonagricultural landscapes • How well the U.S. government is regulating transgenic crops to avoid any negative effects. Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants provides a wealth of information about transgenic processes, previous experience with the introduction of novel crops, principles of risk assessment and management, the science behind current regulatory schemes, issues in monitoring transgenic products already on the market, and more. The book discusses public involvementâ€"and public confidenceâ€"in biotechnology regulation. And it looks to the future, exploring the potential of genetic engineering and the prospects for environmental effects.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Biotechnology and the Environment by : Sheldon Krimsky
Download or read book Agricultural Biotechnology and the Environment written by Sheldon Krimsky and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probing the profitable new science of creating--and altering--life forms "Extraordinarily well documented . . . remarkably clear. This is the most comprehensive coverage of these issues to date. It will be required reading for some time." -- Lawrence Busch, Michigan State University "Krimsky and Wrubel not only describe the components of agricultural biotechnology, they address and analyze controversies involving the risks and benefits of new technologies. Coverage of technical to social components of agricultural biotechnology is unusually complete and thorough. Their even-handed and comprehensive approach to these topics is rare and extremely valuable." -- Richard Weinzierl, University of Illinois Modern agriculture is being transformed by the genetic alteration of seeds, animals, and microorganisms, a process that has produced such products as flavor saver tomatoes and crops resistant to specific insects or herbicides. Agricultural Biotechnology and the Environment is the first comprehensive overview of the ongoing transformation of agriculture, exploring the impact of genetic engineering from scientific, social, ethical, and ecological perspectives. Sheldon Krimsky and Roger Wrubel detail the impact the new generation of products is expected to have on agricultural practice and the environment and assess the degree to which current trends in biotechnology match earlier expectations. They also analyze the social and political response to innovations resulting from genetic technology. Closely examined in each of three areas--transgenic plants, genetically engineered microorganisms, and transgenic animals--are technical and scientific problems, social controversies, and anticipated environmental impacts. An objective, detailed look at a subject of interest to a broad spectrum of readers, Agricultural Biotechnology and the Environment will be of interest to researchers in the new biotechnology fields as well as to educated general readers and policymakers. A volume in the series The Environment and the Human Condition
Book Synopsis Economic impact and implications of biotechnology by : Veerabhadrappa Bellundagi
Download or read book Economic impact and implications of biotechnology written by Veerabhadrappa Bellundagi and published by Amazon Publishers, USA. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnology and the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops are providing new opportunities for increasing crop productivity and tackling agricultural problems, such as pests and diseases, abiotic stresses and nutritional limitations of staple food crops. Cultivation of GM crops is changing the practice of agriculture and there is an increasing trend in cultivation of GM crops worldwide. Plants with novel traits to produce pharmaceutical products are also being generated. The safety of GM crop cultivation and use is a topic of extreme international debate. Biotechnology innovations appear to have taken world agriculture by storm. This spectacular success is attributable almost entirely to transgenic varieties of four crops: soybean, corn, cotton, and canola. It is noteworthy that in 2013, the number of countries cultivating biotech crops reached the historical milestone of 28 countries. In 2013, the global hectarage of biotech crops continued to grow strongly reaching 175 million hectares, up from 160 million hectares in 2011. In 2012, the global market value of biotech crops was US$14.84 billion, (up from US$13.35 billion in 2011). Manjunath Kerur (2012) conducted a study on comparative economic analysis of Bt cotton and Desi cotton cultivation in Haveri district of Karnataka. The results on the per acre cost incurred and returns obtained from Bt cotton and Desi cotton cultivation revealed that the variable and fixed costs were higher in Bt cotton producing farms (Rs. 11748) and (Rs. 4049) compared to Desi cotton producing farms (Rs. 13202) and (Rs.3634) respectively. The gross returns and net returns from Bt cotton cultivation were Rs. 32096 and Rs. 15113 per acre, respectively as against Rs. 24140 and Rs. 6007 per acre from Desi cotton cultivation. In India, policy of encouraging genetically modified cotton needs a complete review and critical examination from the point of view of environment, diversity and health.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309437385 Total Pages :607 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Genetically Engineered Crops by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Book Synopsis Seeds for the Future by : Jennifer A. Thomson
Download or read book Seeds for the Future written by Jennifer A. Thomson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants have long been genetically modified through crossbreeding and other basic agricultural techniques to make crops more resilient, nutritious, and profitable. In recent decades, however, advances in genetic engineering--including the ability to blend genetic material from animals with that of plants--have allowed farmers to grow crops that resist insect pests, weeds, viruses, and drought; provide increased iron or beta carotene; deliver vaccines and antibodies; reduce common allergens and pollutants; and augment marketable qualities such as delayed ripening. The complicated scientific, environmental, legal, cultural, and ethical issues surrounding these crops are being hotly debated all over the world. In Seeds for the Future, an internationally respected molecular geneticist and food researcher, Jennifer A. Thomson, describes how these crops are developed, distributed, and regulated.
Book Synopsis The Unintended Consequences of Biotechnology Innovation Adoption by : Douglas J. Cumming
Download or read book The Unintended Consequences of Biotechnology Innovation Adoption written by Douglas J. Cumming and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion that technological innovation can benefit the economic and social well-being of a society is well accepted, but less examined is the potential that the adoption of new technologies may inadvertently lead to adverse effects in society. In this study, we consider the potential effects of adoption of agricultural biotechnology innovation in the context of the U.S. agrarian economy. We also consider the intervening impact of social innovation in the agrarian sector - in the form of certified organic operations -- in this framework. Using panel data techniques on a representative sample of U.S. states, we show that increasing the adoption of agricultural biotechnology innovation in a state (i.e. the proportion of planted seeds that are genetically engineered seeds) is associated with increasing food insecurity and increasing obesity rates in a state. Furthermore, the findings indicate that certified organic operations have a positive influence on economic and social well-being. These findings offer initial insights into unforeseen demand side effects of product innovation adoption, while indicating promising avenues for future research and policy.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-08-26 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since genetically engineered (GE) crops were introduced in 1996, their use in the United States has grown rapidly, accounting for 80-90 percent of soybean, corn, and cotton acreage in 2009. To date, crops with traits that provide resistance to some herbicides and to specific insect pests have benefited adopting farmers by reducing crop losses to insect damage, by increasing flexibility in time management, and by facilitating the use of more environmentally friendly pesticides and tillage practices. However, excessive reliance on a single technology combined with a lack of diverse farming practices could undermine the economic and environmental gains from these GE crops. Other challenges could hinder the application of the technology to a broader spectrum of crops and uses. Several reports from the National Research Council have addressed the effects of GE crops on the environment and on human health. However, The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States is the first comprehensive assessment of the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the GE-crop revolution on U.S. farms. It addresses how GE crops have affected U.S. farmers, both adopters and nonadopters of the technology, their incomes, agronomic practices, production decisions, environmental resources, and personal well-being. The book offers several new findings and four recommendations that could be useful to farmers, industry, science organizations, policy makers, and others in government agencies.
Book Synopsis Biotechnology, Agriculture and the Developing World by : Timothy M. Swanson
Download or read book Biotechnology, Agriculture and the Developing World written by Timothy M. Swanson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The product of research sponsored by the UK Department for International Development and a May 2000 workshop held in Rome, Italy, this book comprises 11 contributions from experts affiliated with the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (Rome, Italy) and the Institute for Plant Biology (U. of Zurich, Switzerland), and from academics in agriculture, food economics, law, and land economy affiliated with universities in the UK, US, and Italy. They investigate ways in which industrial changes implicit in new biotechnologies will affect modern agriculture; analyze industrial and distribution impacts, including consequences for developing countries; and look at genetic use restriction technologies and their implications for global agricultural production. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Book Synopsis Plant Biotechnology by : Agnès Ricroch
Download or read book Plant Biotechnology written by Agnès Ricroch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in easy to follow language, the book presents cutting-edge agriculturally relevant plant biotechnologies and applications in a manner that is accessible to all. This book introduces the scope and method of plant biotechnologies and molecular breeding within the context of environmental analysis and assessment, a diminishing supply of productive arable land, scarce water resources and climate change. Authors who have studied how agro ecosystems have changed during the first decade and a half of commercial deployment review effects and stress needs that must be considered to make these tools sustainable.
Book Synopsis Concentration in Seed and Biotech Markets by : Koen Deconinck
Download or read book Concentration in Seed and Biotech Markets written by Koen Deconinck and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The merger of Dow and DuPont, the acquisition of Syngenta by ChemChina, and the acquisition of Monsanto by Bayer have recently reshaped the global seed and biotech industry and caused concern about growing market concentration. This review documents market concentration in seed and agricultural biotech markets and discusses its causes and impacts. The available evidence suggests that concentration in seed markets varies strongly by crop and by country, while markets for biotech traits are considerably more concentrated. Complementarities between seed, biotech, and crop protection chemicals explain much of the observed structural changes in the industry, and new complementarities may be emerging with digital agriculture. Although growing concentration might in theory lead to higher prices and less innovation, evidence on this is currently limited; this tendency is also in part offset by the remedies imposed by competition authorities.
Book Synopsis Role of Biotechnology in Agriculture by : B. N. Prasad
Download or read book Role of Biotechnology in Agriculture written by B. N. Prasad and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation countries.
