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Conscience Du Risque Et Automatisation De La Conduite
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Book Synopsis Conscience du risque et automatisation de la conduite by : Jonathan Deniel
Download or read book Conscience du risque et automatisation de la conduite written by Jonathan Deniel and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La conduite automobile est une activité aussi complexe que répandue, parmi les manœuvres les plus courantes exécutées par les conducteurs nous trouvons le changement de voie (gls{CDV}) avec insertion entre des véhicules du trafic. Les progrès technologiques récents ouvrent la voie à une automatisation progressive des diverses composantes de l'activité de conduite dont, entre autre, le changement de voie.Nos objectifs dans ce travail de thèse en ingénierie cognitique étaient triples, (1) mieux comprendre et modéliser les processus cognitifs du conducteur à l'œuvre lors de la prise de décision et l'exécution d'un gls{CDV} en conduite manuelle (en particulier concernant l'évaluation subjective du risque) en vue d'alimenter le développement du modèle gls{COSMODRIVE} (cite{bellet2003}). (2) Concevoir et évaluer un automate textit{Human-like} capable d'exécuter un gls{CDV} à la manière d'un conducteur humain. Ce deuxième objectif permettant également de traiter de questionnements concernant l'acceptation de ce type d'automate. (3) Étudier les éventuels effets induits par l'utilisation de cette fonctionnalité d'automatisation du gls{CDV}, sur les décisions et jugements subjectifs lors de situations de gls{CDV} en conduite manuelle ultérieures.Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons mis en place un protocole de recherche, sur la plate-forme de simulation V-HCD, divisé trois volets expérimentaux imbriqués et impliquant les mêmes participants pour chacun d'entre eux. Dans le cadre de ce protocole, les participants ont été invités dans un premier temps, à prendre des décisions de gls{CDV} et à évaluer le risque situationnel ainsi que l'acceptabilité d'un système d'automatisation de la manœuvre en conduite manuelle. Dans un second temps, à utiliser et évaluer un automate textit{Human-like} de la manœuvre de gls{CDV} et enfin dans un troisième temps, à conduire de nouveau manuellement et à prendre des décisions de gls{CDV} pour des situations de conduites spécialement paramétrées pour s'approcher de leur seuil de décision (estimé à partir d'une analyse en direct de leurs décisions lors de la première phase de conduite manuelle).Les résultats obtenus nous on permis d'identifier une stratégie d'insertion dans un espace du trafic lors du gls{CDV} permettant, sur la base de la théorie des zones enveloppes, d'expliquer la structuration des décisions d'exécution de la manœuvre. Concernant l'automate textit{Human-like} du gls{CDV} nous avons constaté une acceptation meilleure que prévue par les participants, y compris de la part des plus réfractaires au véhicule autonome. Nous avons aussi montré une diminution de l'estimation du risque de la situation et de la manœuvre lorsque celle-ci était exécutée par l'automate. Nous avons également, validé la dimension textit{Human-like} de la trajectoire de gls{CDV} de l'automate. Enfin, nous avons pu mettre en évidence la manifestation d'un effet induit par l'utilisation de l'automate lors de situations de gls{CDV} en conduite manuelle se traduisant par une diminution du seuil de décision et de l'évaluation du risque de la manœuvre pour ce seuil uniquement.Ces résultats tendent à montrer que la démarche de conception centrée sur l'humain de système d'automatisation de la conduite est prometteuse en terme d'acceptation de la technologie tout en présentant quelques effets induits potentiels à propos lesquels il faudra rester vigilant.
Book Synopsis Le volant rend-il fou ? by : Jean-Marc Antoine Bailet
Download or read book Le volant rend-il fou ? written by Jean-Marc Antoine Bailet and published by Archipel. This book was released on 2006-04-12 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chaque jour, en France, on dénombre 15 tués et 300 blessés. Même si les accidents de la route tendent à diminuer, ils représentent un coût de 30 milliards d'euros par an à la collectivité nationale. Peut-on dire qu'à chaque infraction correspond une personnalité particulière ? Quels sont les comportements les plus dangereux sur la route ? Comment les Français envisagent-ils la sécurité routière ? Dans ce livre, Jean-Marc Bailet dresse le portrait de 16 types de conducteurs. Il en ressort notamment que les femmes conduisent mieux que les hommes, que la position sociale influence la personnalité routière et qu'il faut se montrer plus indulgent avec les jeunes conducteurs. La conduite mêle gestes-réflexes, mécanismes cognitifs et manifestation de valeurs humaines. C'est une activité individuelle, mais pratiquée de façon collective sur le réseau routier. L'auteur analyse tous ces aspects pour mieux mettre en lumière la complexité de l'exercice de conduite. Jean-Marc Bailet propose donc une approche psychologique et éducative des comportements routiers, pour aboutir à une meilleure articulation entre prévention et répression.
Book Synopsis Aide à la conduite des systèmes à risques par la prise en compte du risque by : Sébastien Wybo
Download or read book Aide à la conduite des systèmes à risques par la prise en compte du risque written by Sébastien Wybo and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les systèmes à risques peuplent aujourd'hui notre quotidien, qu'il s'agisse des centrales nucléaires, du transport aérien ou de l'automobile individuelle. La conduite de ses systèmes diffère grandement entre chaque système. Cependant, un facteur essentiel est commun à chacun de ces systèmes. La conscience de la situation et en particulier la conscience du risque encouru conditionne en effet toute conduite d'un tel système. La défaillance de cette conscience de la situation peut ainsi entraîner des conduites en conditions dégradées plus risquées qui ont plus de risques d'accidents. Cette thèse propose ainsi un concept d'aide à la conduite visant à améliorer le niveau de sûreté de ces systèmes à risques. Pour ce faire on propose d'évaluer le niveau de risque courant et d'en informer le conducteur afin de l'inciter à rester dans une conduite sûre. Ce travail de thèse s'attache ensuite à proposer une telle aide appliquée au domaine de la conduite automobile et en propose une implémentation basée sur l'utilisation de la fusion de données multi capteurs pour détecter l'état de l'environnement, du véhicule et de son conducteur. Cette fusion de données permet par la suite au système de comprendre la situation de conduite courante et d'anticiper son évolution afin de prédire les risques encourus puis d'en informer le conducteur.
Book Synopsis Upsetting the Offset by : Steffen Böhm
Download or read book Upsetting the Offset written by Steffen Böhm and published by Fastprint Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Upsetting the Offset engages critically with the political economy of carbon markets. It presents a range of case studies and critiques from around the world, showing how the scam of carbon markets affects the lives of communities. But the book doesn't stop there. It also presents a number of alternatives to carbon markets which enable communities to live in real low-carbon futures.
Book Synopsis Philosophy in a Time of Terror by : Giovanna Borradori
Download or read book Philosophy in a Time of Terror written by Giovanna Borradori and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-05-28 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea for Philosophy in a Time of Terror was born hours after the attacks on 9/11 and was realized just weeks later when Giovanna Borradori sat down with Jürgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida in New York City, in separate interviews, to evaluate the significance of the most destructive terrorist act ever perpetrated. This book marks an unprecedented encounter between two of the most influential thinkers of our age as here, for the first time, Habermas and Derrida overcome their mutual antagonism and agree to appear side by side. As the two philosophers disassemble and reassemble what we think we know about terrorism, they break from the familiar social and political rhetoric increasingly polarized between good and evil. In this process, we watch two of the greatest intellects of the century at work.
Book Synopsis The Culture of Public Problems by : Joseph R. Gusfield
Download or read book The Culture of Public Problems written by Joseph R. Gusfield and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1981 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Everyone knows 'drunk driving' is a 'serious' offense. And yet, everyone knows lots of 'drunk drivers' who don't get involved in accidents, don't get caught by the police, and manage to compensate adequately for their 'drunken disability.' Everyone also knows of 'drunk drivers' who have been arrested and gotten off easy. Gusfield's book dissects the conventional wisdom about 'drinking-driving' and examines the paradox of a 'serious' offense that is usually treated lightly by the judiciary and rarely carries social stigma."—Mac Marshall, Social Science and Medicine "A sophisticated and thoughtful critic. . . . Gusfield argues that the 'myth of the killer drunk' is a creation of the 'public culture of law.' . . . Through its dramatic development and condemnation of the anti-social character of the drinking-driver, the public law strengthens the illusion of moral consensus in American society and celebrates the virtues of a sober and orderly world."—James D. Orcutt, Sociology and Social Research "Joseph Gusfield denies neither the role of alcohol in highway accidents nor the need to do something about it. His point is that the research we conduct on drinking-driving and the laws we make to inhibit it tells us more about our moral order than about the effects of drinking-driving itself. Many will object to this conclusion, but none can ignore it. Indeed, the book will put many scientific and legal experts on the defensive as they face Gusfield's massive erudition, pointed analysis and criticism, and powerful argumentation. In The Culture of Public Problems, Gusfield presents the experts, and us, with a masterpiece of sociological reasoning."—Barry Schwartz, American Journal of Sociology This book is truly an outstanding achievement. . . . It is sociology of science, sociology of law, sociology of deviance, and sociology of knowledge. Sociologists generally should find the book of great theoretical interest, and it should stimulate personal reflection on their assumptions about science and the kind of consciousness it creates. They will also find that the book is a delight to read."—William B. Bankston, Social Forces
Book Synopsis Compte Rendu Du Deuxième Séminaire Sur L'ergonomie Appliquée Aux Transports, 24-25 October/octobre 1990 by :
Download or read book Compte Rendu Du Deuxième Séminaire Sur L'ergonomie Appliquée Aux Transports, 24-25 October/octobre 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021) by : Nancy L. Black
Download or read book Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021) written by Nancy L. Black and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021), held online on June 13-18, 2021. By highlighting the latest theories and models, as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by combining findings from a range of disciplines including engineering, design, robotics, healthcare, management, computer science, human biology and behavioral science, it provides researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely guide on human factors and ergonomics. It also offers an excellent source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize system performance, while at the same time promoting the health, safety and wellbeing of individuals. The proceedings include papers from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians, institutional leaders, managers and policy makers that contribute to constructing the Human Factors and Ergonomics approach across a variety of methodologies, domains and productive sectors. This volume includes papers addressing the following topics: Activity Theories for Work Analysis and Design (ATWAD), Organisation design and management (ODAM), Ergonomic Work Analysis and Training (EWAT), Systems HF/E, HF/E Education and Professional Certification Development.
Download or read book Revue Générale Nucléaire written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Frame Reflection by : Donald A. Schon
Download or read book Frame Reflection written by Donald A. Schon and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 1995-06-29 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are controversies about such issues as abortion, welfare, persistent poverty, and environmental destruction so intractable? As anyone who has ever engaged in or tried to settle an argument on highly charged issues knows, facts rarely persuade in such situations. This innovative approach to intractable policy controversies shows how "reframing" the issues can succeed where simply appealing to facts often fails. In Frame Reflection, two of his country's leading organizational theorists and policy analysts show how disputes that in abstract debate or negotiation seem insoluble can sometimes be resolved pragmatically by those who actually have to design and implement the specific programs. The authors illustrate their theory through a detailed examination of three specific programs: the evolution of early retirement programs in Germany; a statewide project for the homeless in Massachusetts; and the development of Project Athena, a large-scale experiment in the use of computers in undergraduate education at MIT. Policy stalemates are inevitable. Yet we know that people sometimes do change their minds, even in situations that at first appeared hopeless. How that happens is the subject of this pathbreaking book.
Download or read book Building an Emergency Plan written by and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2000-02-03 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building an Emergency Plan provides a step-by-step guide that a cultural institution can follow to develop its own emergency preparedness and response strategy. This workbook is divided into three parts that address the three groups generally responsible for developing and implementing emergency procedures—institution directors, emergency preparedness managers, and departmental team leaders—and discuss the role each should play in devising and maintaining an effective emergency plan. Several chapters detail the practical aspects of communication, training, and forming teams to handle the safety of staff and visitors, collections, buildings, and records. Emergencies covered include natural events such as earthquakes or floods, as well as human-caused emergencies, such as fires that occur during renovation. Examples from the Barbados Museum and Historical Society, the Museo de Arte Popular Americano in Chile, the Mystic Seaport Museum in Connecticut, and the Seattle Art Museum show how cultural institutions have prepared for emergencies relevant to their sites, collections, and regions.
Book Synopsis Human–Systems Integration by : Guy André Boy
Download or read book Human–Systems Integration written by Guy André Boy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-27 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human–Systems Integration: From Virtual to Tangible Subject Guide: Ergonomics and Human Factors This book is an attempt to better formalize a systemic approach to human–systems integration (HSI). Good HSI is a matter of maturity... it takes time to mature. It takes time for a human being to become autonomous, and then mature! HSI is a matter of human–machine teaming, where human–machine cooperation and coordination are crucial. We cannot think engineering design without considering people and organizations that go with it. We also cannot think new technology, new organizations, and new jobs without considering change management. More specifically, this book is a follow-up of previous contributions in human-centered design and practice in the development of virtual prototypes that requires progressive operational tangibility toward HSI. The book discusses flexibility in design and operations, tangibility of software-intensive systems, virtual human-centered design, increasingly autonomous complex systems, human factors and ergonomics of sociotechnical systems, systems integration, and changed management in digital organizations. The book will be of interest to industry, academia, those involved with systems engineering, human factors, and the broader public.
Book Synopsis Ecritures digitales by : Claire Clivaz
Download or read book Ecritures digitales written by Claire Clivaz and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecritures digitales aims to demonstrate how digital writing, as new technology, contributes to the emergence of a reconfigured relationship between the human body and the machines, and how this transition influences the Jewish-Christian textual corpus referred to as "the Scriptures". Ecritures digitales souhaite démontrer de quelle manière l'écriture digitale, en tant que nouvelle technologie, contribue à l'émergence d'une relation innovante entre le corps humain et les machines, et influence le corpus textuel judéo-chrétien désigné comme «les Ecritures».
Book Synopsis The Abuse of Casuistry by : Albert R. Jonsen
Download or read book The Abuse of Casuistry written by Albert R. Jonsen and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this engaging study, the authors put casuistry into its historical context, tracing the origin of moral reasoning in antiquity, its peak during the sixteenth and early seventeenth century, and its subsequent fall into disrepute from the mid-seventeenth century.
Book Synopsis Understanding Driving by : John A. Groeger
Download or read book Understanding Driving written by John A. Groeger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book closely examines what is involved in driving. It identifies the aspects of perception, attention, learning, memory, decision making and action control which are drawn upon in order to enable us to drive, and the brain systems involved. It attempts to show how studying tasks such as driving can help to understand how these fundamental aspects of cognition combine to facilitate performance in complex everyday tasks. In doing so it shows how a very broad range of laboratory based findings can be applied, and that through our attempts to apply this knowledge to complex everyday tasks, we gain, in return, a greater understanding of fundamental aspects of human cognition.
Book Synopsis Driver Distraction by : Katie J. Parnell
Download or read book Driver Distraction written by Katie J. Parnell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Driver Distraction: A Sociotechnical Systems Approach promotes a sociotechnical systems approach to driver distraction. This perspective focuses on analysis of the whole system, its values, and the interactions between human and technical elements at all organisational levels. The book covers the role that the sociotechnical system plays in the theory, study and mitigation of driver distraction. The book will be of interest to accident and incident investigation researchers and practitioners. Provides a review of the current state of driver distraction research Describes the development, application, and validation of a novel model of driver distraction that accounts for the sociotechnical system Discusses a new, systems-based, driver distraction definition Explains AcciMap analysis of the current legislation on driver distraction from technological devices Offers novel approaches to understanding why driver distraction occurs Presents a extensive framework of the causal factors that lead to distraction informed by drivers
Book Synopsis Traffic Safety and the Driver by : Leonard Evans
Download or read book Traffic Safety and the Driver written by Leonard Evans and published by Science Serving Society. This book was released on 1991 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines deaths, injuries, and property damage from traffic crashes. Evans (research scientist, General Motors Research Labs, Warren, Michigan) applies the methods of science to illuminate the characteristics of these problems--their origin and nature as well as their severity. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
