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Conflict Minerals In The Democratic Republic Of The Congo Aligning Trade And Security Interventions
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Book Synopsis Conflict Minerals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo by : Ruben de Koning
Download or read book Conflict Minerals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo written by Ruben de Koning and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mineral resources have played a crucial role in fuelling protracted armed conflict in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Illegal armed groups, state forces and civilian authorities are all involved in illicit rent seeking from the mineral sector, with serious repercussions for security, human rights and development. This Policy Paper examines the the prospects for and interactions between various trade- and security related initiatives that are aimed at demilitarizing the supply chains of key minerals. It also describes the changing context in which such initiatives operate following a series of military campaigns against illegal armed groups. Finally, it offers policy recommendations for how the Congolese Government and international actors can coordinate and strengthen their responses in order to break resource-conflict links in eastern DRC.
Book Synopsis Conflict Minerals, Inc. by : Christoph N. Vogel
Download or read book Conflict Minerals, Inc. written by Christoph N. Vogel and published by Hurst Publishers. This book was released on 2022-07-06 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the twenty-first century, the relationship between violent conflict and natural resources has become a matter of intense public and academic debate. As a result of fervent activism and international campaigning, the flagship case of ‘conflict minerals’ has captured global attention. This term groups together the artisanal tin, tantalum (coltan), tungsten and gold originating from war zones in Central Africa. Known as ‘digital minerals’ for their use in high-end technology, their exploitation and trade has been singled out in numerous media and United Nations reports as a key driver of violence, provoking an unprecedented popular outcry and prompting transnational efforts to promote ‘conflict-free’, ethical mining. Focusing on the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Conflict Minerals, Inc. is the first comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon. Based on meticulous investigation and long-term fieldwork, this book analyses why the campaign against ‘unethical’ mining went awry, and radically disrupted eastern Congo’s political economy. It dissects the evolution of the conflict minerals paradigm, the policy responses it triggered and their impact on artisanal miners. Vogel demonstrates how Western advocacy and policy have relied on colonial frames to drive change, and how White Saviourism perpetuates structural violence and inequality across global supply and value chains.
Book Synopsis Coltan, Congo and Conflict by : Artur Usanov
Download or read book Coltan, Congo and Conflict written by Artur Usanov and published by The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report evaluates the links between coltan trade and violence in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and examines the potential for recent legislation to break such links and reduce conflict.
Book Synopsis Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) by : Loren Yager
Download or read book Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) written by Loren Yager and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rich in minerals, the eastern DRC has long been the site of one of the world's worst humanitarian crises. Since 1998, an estimated 5 million have died as a result of the conflict. This report examined the connection between minerals trade and human rights abuses, and the efforts to help control the trade. It assesses: (1) how the key minerals are mined, transported, and processed; (2) the links between the minerals trade, armed conflicts, and human rights abuses; (3) measures the U.S. and the international community have taken to control the trade and; (4) challenges faced in controlling the trade. Includes recommendations. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find report.
Book Synopsis Setting Up an Effective System in Promoting Conflict Free Minerals in Africa by : Georgia Mavropoulos-Vagelis
Download or read book Setting Up an Effective System in Promoting Conflict Free Minerals in Africa written by Georgia Mavropoulos-Vagelis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conflict has been rife in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) for many decades, in a war over minerals. The economic incentive for this conflict lies in the multimillion dollar trade in conflict minerals, and the results are human rights abuses, violent conflict and corruption. International industries from resource-rich countries play a role in business and human rights violations in other countries where governance is weak, such as the DRC. The focus of this study is minerals extracted from the eastern DRC the ores that produce tin, tantalum, tungsten (the 3Ts) and gold. These minerals are essential to the electronics industry, where various companies, primarily publicly listed companies, use these minerals in their production processes. This study examines the way in which companies at the top of the minerals supply chain use their buying power to influence their suppliers, exerting pressure down the supply chain. There have been dramatic changes in this arena recently, including the passing of conflict minerals legislation in the United States of America (USA) and an evolving multilateral architecture for supply chain due diligence emanating from the United Nations (UN) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This study explores a variety of efforts initiated by a number of companies, governments and non-governmental organisations (both in the DRC and internationally) committed to combating conflict minerals. These efforts are aimed at formulating a regulatory framework on the security exchanges in Africa. Such a system should be conceptualised to regulate the due diligence process relating to minerals to enable end-users to trace supply chains from companies who use these minerals back to the sources of origin, by using independent audit chains of custody in a certification scheme similar to the Kimberley Process for conflict diamonds. This system is intended to be a means to strengthen the global transparency and accountability of electronics companies, together with industry initiatives, the OECD's guidelines and extractive industry transparency initiatives principles, targeting publicly listed companies. This study, which consisted of a desktop review of books, journals, reports and internet sources, analyses elements of the USA's Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act) and South Africa's King Code Report III on Corporate Governance of 2009 to determine whether these instruments are appropriate to be applied to African exchanges. It examines whether these instruments can be used to create a system requiring companies trading in or using conflict minerals in their production to compile an annual report that is to be made publicly available, disclosing the source and chain of custody of conflict minerals which originate from conflict zones, notably the DRC and other African countries. Due to the globalised markets, companies are gaining greater power than some governments. Companies are regulated by the legislation of the host country in which they are incorporated. The countries in which these companies operate and publicly trade are usually developing countries, which are characterised by impoverished communities and unstable or emerging democracies. The recent passing of the conflict minerals provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act requires that publicly traded companies in electronics industries report annually to the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) on whether conflict minerals are part of their supply chains, and if so, what the steps have been taken to ensure that the companies do not contribute to the ongoing conflict. The practical/managerial implications of the African system is that the inconsistencies and instability in these emerging markets legislation and their relaxed rule of law create loopholes in the systems of industry which would normally require adherence to human rights principles and industry's assistance in developing global standards and/or incorporating such standards into legislation. Industry is still largely unaware of whether products are conflict-free and has no way of determining the status of products. Responsible supply chain co-operation is therefore needed by companies to take steps to trace supply chains, and ensure independent auditing and certification. This study looks at how industry and governments can formulate international standards and regulations that require publicly listed companies using the 3Ts and gold in the production of their goods to put human rights at the heart of their enterprises. The findings of the study highlight the urgent need for due diligence, transparency and an accountability agenda for resource sectors. The study argues that more African states need to buy into these initiatives. Greater transparency must be part of broader governance schemes. The study recognises the important role of stock exchanges and the importance of regulating companies which trade and source minerals from the DRC and other countries in Africa. The study recommends a reform of securities exchanges and the implementation of corporate governance codes. The study argues that Africa can incorporate elements of the Dodd-Frank Act, the SEC Act, King III and the JSE Listing Requirements into national legislation in the individual states to impose important legal duties on companies to promote fairness, accountability, responsibility and transparency. Passing legislation to regulate the international minerals trade is crucial for the promotion of a legal mineral trade.
Download or read book Conflict Minerals written by Jan A. Reed and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term "conflict minerals" is used to describe metal ores that, when mined, sold or traded, are widely reported to play key roles in fuelling armed conflict and human rights abuses in several far eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, formerly Zaire). Links between conflict, human rights abuses, and the mining of and trade in these minerals have been the subject of numerous investigations, research studies, and policy papers, as well as policy advocacy campaigns focused on a need to respond to the persistence of conflict and its large toll in lives and human rights abuses. This book provides an overview of the current international response and SEC disclosure rules and testimony pertaining to the issue of conflict minerals, with a focus on cutting links between the minerals trade and those involved in or abetting armed conflict in eastern DRC.
Book Synopsis Controlling Conflict Resources in the Democratic Republic of the Congo by :
Download or read book Controlling Conflict Resources in the Democratic Republic of the Congo written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The political economy of mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is central to sustaining the conflict in the east of the country. Transforming it is a priority in order to alleviate the conflict and suffering that it fuels. In an attempt to ensure that conflict minerals, minerals sourced from militia-controlled mines, do not enter the legal supply chain, industrial actors, the Congolese Government and outside donors have established schemes to trace minerals such as cassiterite and coltan back to the mines of origin. However, there are still a number of problems that must be overcome before mineral traceability schemes can have an effect on a larger scale. Mines that are considered 'conflict free' need to be completely demilitarized, which means removing both rebels and regular soldiers. Unfortunately, there is little political will to address these issues. The government wants to keep a large army, which continues to prey on local resource-based economies. Fearing that army commanders will drop out of the army integration process, it declines to hold its military to account. The United Nations and other donors may not be in a position to force the government to undertake the reforms they see as necessary, but can and must use their support for army reform and demobilization to enable the demilitarization of mines. This will be critical for the successful implementation of traceability schemes.
Book Synopsis Conflict Minerals, Inc. by : Christoph N. Vogel
Download or read book Conflict Minerals, Inc. written by Christoph N. Vogel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-01 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the twenty-first century, the relationship between violent conflict and natural resources has become a matter of intense public and academic debate. As a result of fervent activism and international campaigning, the flagship case of "conflict minerals" has captured global attention. This term groups together the artisanal tin, tantalum (coltan), tungsten and gold originating from war zones in Central Africa. Known as "digital minerals" for their use in high-end technology, their exploitation and trade has been singled out in numerous media and United Nations reports as a key driver of violence, provoking an unprecedented popular outcry and prompting transnational efforts to promote 'conflict-free', ethical mining. Focusing on the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Conflict Minerals, Inc. is the first comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon. Based on meticulous investigation and long-term fieldwork, this book analyses why the campaign against "unethical" mining went awry, and radically disrupted eastern Congo's political economy. It dissects the evolution of the conflict minerals paradigm, the policy responses it triggered and their impact on artisanal miners. Vogel demonstrates how Western advocacy and policy have relied on colonial frames to drive change, and how White Saviourism perpetuates structural violence and inequality across global supply and value chains.
Book Synopsis Reforming Mining Law by : Christian Matabaro
Download or read book Reforming Mining Law written by Christian Matabaro and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2019-03-22 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Democratic Republic of Congo is endowed with immense mineral wealth. Its minerals include cobalt, copper, diamond, gold, iron, manganese, tantalum, tin, tungsten, and zinc. Yet the contribution of mineral abundance to the country’s economic development is poor. The Congolese mining sector was initiated in 1905 with the creation of OKIMO (Office des Mines d’or de Kilo Moto) and UMHK (Union Minière du Haut-Katanga). The rapid development of mining companies improved economic growth until 1973, when President Mobutu introduced a variety of inadequate economic policies, including zairianization and radicalization, that slowed down economic development. The actual mining code was adopted in 2002 to enhance a mining sector that already collapsed. This study suggests a variety of mechanisms and measures that are meant to energize the Congolese mining sector and, hence, allow the country to benefit entirely from its mineral abundance.
Download or read book Peaceland written by Séverine Autesserre and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book suggests a new explanation for why international peace interventions often fail to reach their full potential. Based on several years of ethnographic research in conflict zones around the world, it demonstrates that everyday elements - such as the expatriates' social habits and usual approaches to understanding their areas of operation - strongly influence peacebuilding effectiveness. Individuals from all over the world and all walks of life share numerous practices, habits, and narratives when they serve as interveners in conflict zones. These common attitudes and actions enable foreign peacebuilders to function in the field, but they also result in unintended consequences that thwart international efforts. Certain expatriates follow alternative modes of thinking and acting, often with notable results, but they remain in the minority. Through an in-depth analysis of the interveners' everyday life and work, this book proposes innovative ways to better help host populations build a sustainable peace.
Download or read book Minerals Yearbook written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Governance in Conflict by : Blanka Bellak
Download or read book Governance in Conflict written by Blanka Bellak and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2017 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume provides new insight into the interplay between governance and conflict. The articles in this volume deal with this problematic dimension from a variety of perspectives, covering different actors and topics as well as a vast array of geographical locations and entities that include both states and de facto or unrecognized states such as Transnistria. Scholars and practitioners have contributed to this worrk to bridge the gap between academia and practice. The volume blends scholarly research with examples of practical application to approach the conundrums of governance in and during conflict in a comprehensive way.
Book Synopsis Minerals Yearbook - V. 3, Area Reports: International Review by : Mines Bureau
Download or read book Minerals Yearbook - V. 3, Area Reports: International Review written by Mines Bureau and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2013-12-09 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Minerals Yearbook is an annual publication that reviews the mineral and material industries of the United States and foreign countries. The Yearbook contains statistical data on materials and minerals and includes information on economic and technical trends and development. The Minerals Yearbook includes chapters on approximately 90 commodities and over 175 countries. This volume of the Minerals Yearbook provides an annual review of mineral production and trade and of mineral-related government and industry developments in more than 175 foreign countries. Each report includes sections on government policies and programs, environmental issues, trade and production data, industry structure and ownership, commodity sector developments, infrastructure, and a summary outlook.
Book Synopsis African Artisanal Mining from the Inside Out by : Sara Geenen
Download or read book African Artisanal Mining from the Inside Out written by Sara Geenen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artisanal mining is commonly associated with violent conflict, rampant corruption and desperate poverty. Yet millions of people across Sub Sahara Africa depend on it. Many of them are living in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), home to important mineral reserves, but also to a plethora of armed groups and massive human rights violations. African Artisanal Mining from the Inside Out provides a rich and in-depth analysis of the Congolese gold sector. Instead of portraying miners and traders as passive victims of economic forces, regional conflicts or disheartening national policies, it focuses on how they gain access to and benefit from gold. It shows a professional artisanal mining sector governed by a set of specific norms, offering ample opportunities for flexible employment and local livelihood support and being well-connected to the local economy and society. It argues for the viability of artisanal gold mining in the context of weak African states and in the transition towards a post-conflict and more industrialized economy. This book will be of great interest to researchers and postgraduates studying natural resources and development as well as those in development studies, African studies, sociology, political economy, political ecology, legal pluralism, and history.
Download or read book Gold Laundering written by Mark Pieth and published by Salis Verlag. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this eye-opening book, Mark Pieth gives an in-depth insight into how the global gold market works, what role Switzerland plays in it, where the hidden abuses lie and how human rights in the gold industry can be protected in a credible way. This hard-hitting, exclusively researched depiction of a key area of economic policy takes us both to the glittering world of gold refining and to the world's worst mining regions. Mark Pieth illuminates the historical roots of the gold trade before turning his attention to today's supply chains, from mines to refineries and clandestine intermediaries to consumers: central banks, investors, jewellers and watchmakers. He reveals some of the horrific problems caused by gold mining that still receive little attention due to a lack of binding regulations: severe environmental destruction, forced labour and human trafficking, land grabbing, stolen assets and money laundering. The author manages to make these complex topics easy to understand and hard to ignore. Switzerland is not only a major power in the financial sector and commodity market – whose scandalous workings were revealed by the Swiss NGO Berne Declaration (now Public Eye) in the book Rohstoff, also published by Salis. Switzerland is also a leader in global gold trading. But while the EU, for example, has recently turned existing OECD guidelines into binding law, Switzerland continues to rely on voluntary self-regulation.
Author :Geological Survey (U S. ). Publisher :Government Printing Office ISBN 13 :9781411331747 Total Pages :404 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (317 download)
Book Synopsis Minerals Yearbook, 2010, V. 3, Area Reports, International, Africa and the Middle East by : Geological Survey (U S. ).
Download or read book Minerals Yearbook, 2010, V. 3, Area Reports, International, Africa and the Middle East written by Geological Survey (U S. ). and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Minerals Yearbook is an annual publication that reviews the mineral and material industries of the United States and foreign countries. The Yearbook contains statistical data on materials and minerals and includes information on economic and technical trends and development. The Minerals Yearbook includes chapters on approximately 90 commodities and over 175 countries. This volume of the Minerals Yearbook provides an annual review of mineral production and trade and of mineral-related government and industry developments in more than 175 foreign countries. Each report includes sections on government policies and programs, environmental issues, trade and production data, industry structure and ownership, commodity sector developments, infrastructure, and a summary outlook.
Book Synopsis Natural Resources and Violent Conflict by : Ian Bannon
Download or read book Natural Resources and Violent Conflict written by Ian Bannon and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research carried out by the World Bank on the root causes of conflict and civil war finds that a developing country's economic dependence on natural resources or other primary commodities is strongly associated with the risk level for violent conflict. This book brings together a collection of reports and case studies that explore what the international community in particular can do to reduce this risk.; The text explains the links between natural resources and conflict and examines the impact of resource dependence on economic performance, governance, secessionist movements and revel financing. It then explores avenues for international action - from financial and resource reporting procedures and policy recommendations to commodity tracking systems and enforcement instruments, including sanctions, certification requirements, aid conditionality, legislative and judicial instruments.
