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Computer Simulation Study Of Collective Phenomena In Dense Suspensions Of Red Blood Cells Under Shear
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Book Synopsis Computer Simulation Study of Collective Phenomena in Dense Suspensions of Red Blood Cells under Shear by : Timm Krüger
Download or read book Computer Simulation Study of Collective Phenomena in Dense Suspensions of Red Blood Cells under Shear written by Timm Krüger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rheology of dense red blood cell suspensions is investigated via computer simulations based on the lattice Boltzmann, the immersed boundary, and the finite element methods. The red blood cells are treated as extended and deformable particles immersed in the ambient fluid. In the first part of the work, the numerical model and strategies for stress evaluation are discussed. In the second part, the behavior of the suspensions in simple shear flow is studied for different volume fractions, particle deformabilities, and shear rates. Shear thinning behavior is recovered. The existence of a shear-induced transition from a tumbling to a tank-treading motion is demonstrated. The transition can be parameterized by a single quantity, namely the effective capillary number. It is the ratio of the suspension stress and the characteristic particle membrane stress. At the transition point, a strong increase in the orientational order of the red blood cells and a significant decrease of the particle diffusivity are observed. However, the average cell deformation shows no signature of the transition.
Book Synopsis Computational Blood Cell Mechanics by : Ivan Cimrak
Download or read book Computational Blood Cell Mechanics written by Ivan Cimrak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulating blood cells for biomedical applications is a challenging goal. Whether you want to investigate blood flow behavior on the cell scale, or use a blood cell model for fast computational prototyping in microfluidics, Computational Blood Cell Mechanics will help you get started, and show you the path forward. The text presents a step-by-step approach to cell model building that can be adopted when developing and validating models for biomedical applications, such as filtering and sorting cells, or examining flow and deformations of individual cells under various conditions. It starts with basic building-blocks that, together, model the red blood cell membrane according to its physical properties, before moving on to discuss several issues that may pose problems along the way, and finally leads to suggestions on how to set up computational experiments. More details available at www.compbloodcell.eu
Book Synopsis Computational Science – ICCS 2019 by : João M. F. Rodrigues
Download or read book Computational Science – ICCS 2019 written by João M. F. Rodrigues and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-07 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The five-volume set LNCS 11536, 11537, 11538, 11539, and 11540 constitutes the proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2019, held in Faro, Portugal, in June 2019. The total of 65 full papers and 168 workshop papers presented in this book set were carefully reviewed and selected from 573 submissions (228 submissions to the main track and 345 submissions to the workshops). The papers were organized in topical sections named: Part I: ICCS Main Track Part II: ICCS Main Track; Track of Advances in High-Performance Computational Earth Sciences: Applications and Frameworks; Track of Agent-Based Simulations, Adaptive Algorithms and Solvers; Track of Applications of Matrix Methods in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning; Track of Architecture, Languages, Compilation and Hardware Support for Emerging and Heterogeneous Systems Part III: Track of Biomedical and Bioinformatics Challenges for Computer Science; Track of Classifier Learning from Difficult Data; Track of Computational Finance and Business Intelligence; Track of Computational Optimization, Modelling and Simulation; Track of Computational Science in IoT and Smart Systems Part IV: Track of Data-Driven Computational Sciences; Track of Machine Learning and Data Assimilation for Dynamical Systems; Track of Marine Computing in the Interconnected World for the Benefit of the Society; Track of Multiscale Modelling and Simulation; Track of Simulations of Flow and Transport: Modeling, Algorithms and Computation Part V: Track of Smart Systems: Computer Vision, Sensor Networks and Machine Learning; Track of Solving Problems with Uncertainties; Track of Teaching Computational Science; Poster Track ICCS 2019 Chapter “Comparing Domain-decomposition Methods for the Parallelization of Distributed Land Surface Models” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Book Synopsis High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ' 17 by : Wolfgang E. Nagel
Download or read book High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ' 17 written by Wolfgang E. Nagel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-16 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state-of-the-art in supercomputer simulation. It includes the latest findings from leading researchers using systems from the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) in 2017. The reports cover all fields of computational science and engineering ranging from CFD to computational physics and from chemistry to computer science with a special emphasis on industrially relevant applications. Presenting findings of one of Europe’s leading systems, this volume covers a wide variety of applications that deliver a high level of sustained performance.The book covers the main methods in high-performance computing. Its outstanding results in achieving the best performance for production codes are of particular interest for both scientists and engineers. The book comes with a wealth of color illustrations and tables of results.
Book Synopsis Multiscale Modeling of Vascular Dynamics of Micro- and Nano-particles by : Huilin Ye
Download or read book Multiscale Modeling of Vascular Dynamics of Micro- and Nano-particles written by Huilin Ye and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances witness the potential to employ nanomedicine and game-changing methods to deliver drug molecules directly to diseased sites. To optimize and then enhance the efficacy and specificity, the control and guidance of drug carriers in vasculature has become crucial. Current bottlenecks in the optimal design of drug carrying particles are the lack of knowledge about the transport of particles, adhesion on endothelium wall and subsequent internalization into diseased cells. To study the transport and adhesion of particle in vasculature, the authors have made great efforts to numerically investigate the dynamic and adhesive motions of particles in the blood flow. This book discusses the recent achievements from the establishment of fundamental physical problem to development of multiscale model, and finally large scale simulations for understanding transport of particle-based drug carriers in blood flow.
Book Synopsis Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience - Editor's Pick 2021 by : P. Jesper Sjöström
Download or read book Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience - Editor's Pick 2021 written by P. Jesper Sjöström and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-21 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Cellular Blood Flow by : Daniel Archer Reasor
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Cellular Blood Flow written by Daniel Archer Reasor and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to simulate cellular blood, a coarse-grained spectrin-link (SL) red blood cell (RBC) membrane model is coupled with a lattice-Boltzmann (LB) based suspension solver. The LB method resolves the hydrodynamics governed by the Navier--Stokes equations while the SL method accurately models the deformation of RBCs under numerous configurations. This method has been parallelized using Message Passing Interface (MPI) protocols for the simulation of dense suspensions of RBCs characteristic of whole blood on world-class computing resources. :Simulations were performed to study rheological effects in unbounded shear using the Lees-Edwards boundary condition with good agreement with rotational viscometer results from literature. The particle-phase normal-stress tensor was analyzed and demonstrated a change in sign of the particle-phase pressure from low to high shear rates due to RBCs transitioning from a compressive state to a tensile state in the flow direction. Non-Newtonian effects such as viscosity shear thinning were observed for shear rates ranging from 14-440 inverse seconds as well as the strong dependence on hematocrit at low shear rates. An increase in membrane bending energy was shown to be an important factor for determining the average orientation of RBCs, which ultimately affects the suspension viscosity. The shear stress on platelets was observed to be higher than the average shear stress in blood, which emphasizes the importance of modeling platelets as finite particles.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Blood Cell Suspensions in Microflows by : Annie Viallat
Download or read book Dynamics of Blood Cell Suspensions in Microflows written by Annie Viallat and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-09 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blood microcirculation is essential to our bodies for the successful supply of nutrients, waste removal, oxygen delivery, homeostasis, controlling temperature, wound healing, and active immune surveillance. This book provides a physical introduction to the subject and explores how researchers can successfully describe, understand, and predict behaviours of blood flow and blood cells that are directly linked to these important physiological functions. Using practical examples, this book explains how the key concepts of physics are related to blood microcirculation and underlie the dynamic behavior of red blood cells, leukocytes, and platelets. This interdisciplinary book will be a valuable reference for researchers and graduate students in biomechanics, fluid mechanics, biomedical engineering, biological physics, and medicine. Features: The first book to provide a physical perspective of blood microcirculation Draws attention to the potential of this physical approach for novel applications in medicine Edited by specialists in this field, with chapter contributions from subject area specialists
Book Synopsis Numerical Methods for Fast Simulation of a Red Blood Cell by : Dhwanit Agarwal
Download or read book Numerical Methods for Fast Simulation of a Red Blood Cell written by Dhwanit Agarwal and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, we study Stokesian particulate flows. In particular, we are interested in the dynamics of vesicles and red blood cells (RBCs) suspended in Stokes flow. We aim to develop mathematical models and numerical techniques for accurate simulation of their dynamics in microcirculation. Vesicles are closed membranes made of a phospholipid bilayer and are filled with fluid. Red blood cells are highly deformable nucleus-free cells and have rich dynamics when subjected to viscous forcing. Understanding single RBC dynamics is a complex fluid-membrane interaction problem of fundamental importance in expanding our understanding of red blood cell suspensions. For example, one of the fundamental problems is the construction of phase diagrams for the red blood cell shapes as a function of the imposed flow and the mechanical properties of the cell. Accurate knowledge of their shape dynamics has also led to interesting approaches for cell sorting based on mechanical properties in lateral displacement devices. We model an RBC using two different models, namely, “vesicle" and “capsule". We use the term particle to refer to both of them. Vesicles are inextensible surfaces with bending resistance and serve as a good model for RBC in 2D. But in 3D, vesicles miss important features of RBC dynamics because they have zero shear resistance. In contrast, an inextensible capsule resists shear in addition to the bending and is a more accurate model of RBC in 3D. For both the particles, we use a boundary integral formulation to simulate their long time horizon dynamics using spherical harmonics based spectral singular quadratures, differentiation and reparameterization techniques. We demonstrate the full relevance of our simulations using quantitative comparisons with existing experimental results with RBCs and vesicles. Once we have verified and validated our code, we use it to study the bistability (two RBC equilibrium states depending on initial state of RBC) observed under same flow conditions in our simulations. We plot the phase diagrams of equilibrium shapes of vesicles and RBCs in confined and unconfined Poiseuille flow. Finally, we also develop a novel scheme for Stokesian particle simulation using regularized Stokes kernels and overset finite differences based on overlapping patchwise discretization of the surface. Our scheme has lower work complexity than the spherical harmonics based scheme and also exhibits a high order convergence (typically fourth order) than the quadratic convergence of the triangulation based schemes. Furthermore, the patchwise discretization approach allows for more local independent control over resolution of the different parts of the surface than the global spherical harmonics based scheme. We verify this new scheme for extensible capsule simulation by quantitative comparison with the previous results in the literature for extensible capsules. We also demonstrate easy acceleration of singular quadrature using all-pairs evaluation algorithm implemented for the GPU architecture. The GPU acceleration allows us to do long time horizon simulation of capsules of low reduced volume resulting in complex shapes. Our scheme is also easily accessible to further acceleration using the fast multipole methods (FMMs)
Book Synopsis Red Blood Cell Aggregation by : Oguz Baskurt
Download or read book Red Blood Cell Aggregation written by Oguz Baskurt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-09-28 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red blood cells in humans—and most other mammals—have a tendency to form aggregates with a characteristic face-to-face morphology, similar to a stack of coins. Known as rouleaux, these aggregates are a normally occurring phenomenon and have a major impact on blood rheology. What is the underlying mechanism that produces this pattern? Does this really happen in blood circulation? And do these rouleaux formations have a useful function? The first book to offer a comprehensive review of the subject, Red Blood Cell Aggregation tackles these and other questions related to red blood cell (RBC) aggregates. The book covers basic, clinical, and physiological aspects of this important biophysical phenomenon and integrates these areas with concepts in bioengineering. It brings together state-of-the-art research on the determinants, mechanisms, and measurement and effects of RBC aggregation as well as on variations and comparative aspects. After an introductory overview, the book outlines factors and conditions that affect RBC aggregation. It presents the two hypotheses—the bridging model and the depletion model—that provide potential mechanisms for the adhesive forces that lead to the regular packing of the cells in rouleaux formations. The book also reviews the methods used to quantify RBC aggregation in vitro, focusing on their importance in clinical practice. Chapters discuss the effect of RBC aggregation on the in vitro rheology of blood as well as on tube flow. The book also looks at what happens in the circulation when red blood cells aggregate and examines variations due to physiological and pathophysiological challenges. The concluding chapter explores the formation of red blood cell aggregates in other mammals. Written by leading researchers in the field, this is an invaluable resource for basic science, medical, and clinical researchers; graduate students; and clinicians interested in mammalian red blood cells.
Book Synopsis Computer Simulation of Blood Flow in Microvessels and Numerical Experiments on a Cell-free Layer by : Sol Keun Jee
Download or read book Computer Simulation of Blood Flow in Microvessels and Numerical Experiments on a Cell-free Layer written by Sol Keun Jee and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulating blood flow in microvessels is a major challenge because of the numerous blood cells suspended in the blood. Furthermore, red blood cells (RBCs), which constitute 45% of the total blood volume, are highly deformable. RBCs deformation and RBC-RBC interactions determine the complex rheology of the blood. In this research, we simulate the blood flow in periodic two dimensional channels and conduct numerical experiments on the cell-free layer which appears near the wall. We use the boundary integral method and the smooth particle mesh Ewald method to represent the blood flow, and cells are modeled as deformable capsules. In the numerical experiments, we examine four possible mechanisms that may contribute to the cell-free layer: RBC deformation, RBC aggregation, configuration constraint, and the lubrication mechanism. Our simulations correctly represent hemodynamic phenomena such as the blunt velocity profile and the Fåhræus effect. We observed that more deformable RBCs migrate more away from the wall, and, consequently, the thickness of the cell-free layer increases. However, RBC aggregation increased the cell-free layer thickness by only 5%. In the experiment on the configuration constraint, no cell-free "layer" was detected when we removed cells which intersected an artificial constraint in the microvessel. In the last experiment on the lubrication mechanism, the cell-free layer disappeared at a no-shear stress boundary, and the hematocrit profile was similar to that in the constraint test. Therefore, this research clearly shows that the cell-free layer is generated by the lateral migration of deformable RBCs due to the lubrication mechanism.
Book Synopsis Collective Phenomena in Blood Suspensions by : Revaz Chachanidze
Download or read book Collective Phenomena in Blood Suspensions written by Revaz Chachanidze and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Lattice Boltzmann Method by : Timm Krüger
Download or read book The Lattice Boltzmann Method written by Timm Krüger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to the theory, practice, and implementation of the Lattice Boltzmann (LB) method, a powerful computational fluid dynamics method that is steadily gaining attention due to its simplicity, scalability, extensibility, and simple handling of complex geometries. The book contains chapters on the method's background, fundamental theory, advanced extensions, and implementation. To aid beginners, the most essential paragraphs in each chapter are highlighted, and the introductory chapters on various LB topics are front-loaded with special "in a nutshell" sections that condense the chapter's most important practical results. Together, these sections can be used to quickly get up and running with the method. Exercises are integrated throughout the text, and frequently asked questions about the method are dealt with in a special section at the beginning. In the book itself and through its web page, readers can find example codes showing how the LB method can be implemented efficiently on a variety of hardware platforms, including multi-core processors, clusters, and graphics processing units. Students and scientists learning and using the LB method will appreciate the wealth of clearly presented and structured information in this volume.
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Red Blood Cells in Capillaries by : Shihai Zhao
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Red Blood Cells in Capillaries written by Shihai Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A spring model is applied to simulate the skeleton structure of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane and to study the RBC rheology with an immersed boundary method. We combine the above methodology with a distributed Lagrange multiplier/fictitious domain method to simulate the motion of a compound vesicle in a microchannel. We validate the methodology by comparing the numerical results of neutrally buoyant particle with the Jeffery's solutions. Numerical results with Stokes equations are compared with numerical results with Navier-Stokes equations. With Stokes equations, the motion of compound vesicle is determined by the part of vesicle; while with Navier equations, the motion of a compound vesicle is determined by the competition between the part of the vesicle and the particle inside. Computational modeling and simulation are also presented on the motion of red blood cells behind a moving interface in a capillary. As by the nature of the problem, the computational domain is moving with either a designated RBC or an interface in an infinitely long two--dimensional channel with an undisturbed flow field in front of the computational domain. The tank--treading and the inclination angle of a cell in a simple shear flow are briefly discussed for the validation purpose. We then present and discuss the results of the motion of red blood cells behind a moving interface in a capillary, which show that the RBCs with higher velocity than the interface speed form a concentrated slug behind the moving interface. The advancing velocity is slowed down to approximately one-fourth of the initial velocity when taking into the account the effective viscosity of the mixture of RBCs and fluid behind the moving interface. This indicates the reason of the penetration failure in a capillary.
Book Synopsis Orbital Drift, Stress-free Configuration, and Shape Memory of Red Blood Cells in Shear Flow by : Daniel Cordasco
Download or read book Orbital Drift, Stress-free Configuration, and Shape Memory of Red Blood Cells in Shear Flow written by Daniel Cordasco and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three-dimensional numerical simulations using an immersed boundary/front-tracking method are utilized to study some novel dynamics of red blood cells (RBCs) in shear flow beyond the well-known rigid-body-like tumbling (TB) and fluid-like tank-treading (TT). These computational simulations are the first to address the following problems: (a) Orbital drift. It is shown that red blood cells may exhibit a precessing motion around the vorticity axis or a kayaking motion about the shear plane. Unlike rigid ellipsoids in Stokes flow, it is observed that deformable cells reorient their axis toward the vorticity axis or toward the shear plane depending on the initial shape, shear rate, and viscosity ratio. (b) Stress-free configuration. We consider the possibility that the resting biconcave membrane of the RBC may not be stress-free. It is shown that the assumption of stress-free shape can have a profound effect on the cell deformation and dynamics at low viscosity ratios representative of many in vitro studies. (c) Intermittency. We present the first evidence of intermittent sequences of TB and TT for deformable cells. The intermittent dynamics occur in an irregular sequence while in the synchronized dynamics TB and TT occur simultaneously with integer ratio of rotational frequencies. (d) Dynamics in oscillating shear. A comprehensive analysis of RBC motion in oscillating shear flow is performed and the existence of a chaotic motion is shown. (e) Shape memory. Lastly, we present the first 3D computational study to resolve the shape memory of RBCs in which membrane elements return to their original locations as well as global recovery of the biconcave shape after flow cessation. The timescale of recovery is orders of magnitude longer than that The timescale of recovery is orders of magnitude longer than that observed in simple stretch-relaxation experiments and is also strongly dependent on RBC stress-free configuration. The shape memory is shown to exist even when the membrane is displaced normal to the plane of shear flow.
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Red Blood Cell Aggregation Characterization by : Rym Mehri
Download or read book Red Blood Cell Aggregation Characterization written by Rym Mehri and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant cells in human blood, representing 40 to 45% of the blood volume (hematocrit). These cells have the particular ability to deform and bridge together to form aggregates under very low shear rates. The theory and mechanics behind aggregation are, however, not yet completely understood. The purpose of this work is to provide a novel method to analyze, understand and mimic blood behaviour in microcirculation. The main objective is to develop a methodology to quantify and characterize RBC aggregates and hence enhance the current understanding of the non-Newtonian behaviour of blood at the microscale. For this purpose, suspensions of porcine blood and human blood are tested in vitro in a Poly-di-methylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel to characterize RBC aggregates within these two types of blood. These microchannels are fabricated using standard photolithography methods. Experiments are performed using a micro Particle Image Velocimetry ( PIV) system for shear rate measurements coupled with a high speed camera for the flow visualization. Corresponding numerical simulations are conducted using a research Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) solver, Nek5000, based on the spectral element method solution to the incompressible non-Newtonian Navier-Stokes equations. RBC aggregate sizes are quantified in controlled and measurable shear rate environments for 5, 10 and 15% hematocrit. Aggregate sizes are determined using image processing techniques. Velocity fields of the blood flow are measured experimentally and compared to numerical simulations using simple non-Newtonian models (Power law and Carreau models). This work establishes for the first time a relationship between RBC aggregate sizes and corresponding shear rates in a microfluidic environment as well as one between RBC aggregate sizes and apparent blood viscosity at body temperature in a microfluidic controlled environment. The results of the investigation can be used to help develop new numerical models for non-Newtonian blood flow, provide a better understanding of the mechanics of RBC aggregation and help determine aggregate behaviour in clinical settings such as for degenerative diseases like diabetes and heart disease.
