Computer Applications in Drug Discovery and Development

Download Computer Applications in Drug Discovery and Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522573275
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computer Applications in Drug Discovery and Development by : Puratchikody, A.

Download or read book Computer Applications in Drug Discovery and Development written by Puratchikody, A. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-11-23 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more restrictions upon animal experimentations, pharmaceutical industries are currently focusing on a new generation of experiments and technologies that are considerably more efficient and less controversial. The integration of computational and experimental strategies has led to the identification and development of promising compounds. Computer Applications in Drug Discovery and Development is a pivotal reference source that provides innovative research on the application of computers for discovering and designing new drugs in modern molecular biology and medicinal chemistry. While highlighting topics such as chemical structure databases and dataset utilization, this publication delves into the current panorama of drug discovery, where high drug failure rates are a major concern and properly designed virtual screening strategies can be a time-saving, cost-effective, and productive alternative. This book is ideally designed for chemical engineers, pharmacists, molecular biologists, students, researchers, and academicians seeking current research on the unexplored avenues and future perspectives of drug design.

Computer Applications in Pharmaceutical Research and Development

Download Computer Applications in Pharmaceutical Research and Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470037229
Total Pages : 840 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computer Applications in Pharmaceutical Research and Development by : Sean Ekins

Download or read book Computer Applications in Pharmaceutical Research and Development written by Sean Ekins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-07-11 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique, holistic approach covering all functions and phases of pharmaceutical research and development While there are a number of texts dedicated to individual aspects of pharmaceutical research and development, this unique contributed work takes a holistic and integrative approach to the use of computers in all phases of drug discovery, development, and marketing. It explains how applications are used at various stages, including bioinformatics, data mining, predicting human response to drugs, and high-throughput screening. By providing a comprehensive view, the book offers readers a unique framework and systems perspective from which they can devise strategies to thoroughly exploit the use of computers in their organizations during all phases of the discovery and development process. Chapters are organized into the following sections: * Computers in pharmaceutical research and development: a general overview * Understanding diseases: mining complex systems for knowledge * Scientific information handling and enhancing productivity * Computers in drug discovery * Computers in preclinical development * Computers in development decision making, economics, and market analysis * Computers in clinical development * Future applications and future development Each chapter is written by one or more leading experts in the field and carefully edited to ensure a consistent structure and approach throughout the book. Figures are used extensively to illustrate complex concepts and multifaceted processes. References are provided in each chapter to enable readers to continue investigating a particular topic in depth. Finally, tables of software resources are provided in many of the chapters. This is essential reading for IT professionals and scientists in the pharmaceutical industry as well as researchers involved in informatics and ADMET, drug discovery, and technology development. The book's cross-functional, all-phases approach provides a unique opportunity for a holistic analysis and assessment of computer applications in pharmaceutics.

Computer-Aided Drug Design

Download Computer-Aided Drug Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811568154
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computer-Aided Drug Design by : Dev Bukhsh Singh

Download or read book Computer-Aided Drug Design written by Dev Bukhsh Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides up-to-date information on bioinformatics tools for the discovery and development of new drug molecules. It discusses a range of computational applications, including three-dimensional modeling of protein structures, protein-ligand docking, and molecular dynamics simulation of protein-ligand complexes for identifying desirable drug candidates. It also explores computational approaches for identifying potential drug targets and for pharmacophore modeling. Moreover, it presents structure- and ligand-based drug design tools to optimize known drugs and guide the design of new molecules. The book also describes methods for identifying small-molecule binding pockets in proteins, and summarizes the databases used to explore the essential properties of drugs, drug-like small molecules and their targets. In addition, the book highlights various tools to predict the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and toxicity (T) of potential drug candidates. Lastly, it reviews in silico tools that can facilitate vaccine design and discusses their limitations.

Molecular Docking for Computer-Aided Drug Design

Download Molecular Docking for Computer-Aided Drug Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128223138
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Molecular Docking for Computer-Aided Drug Design by : Mohane S. Coumar

Download or read book Molecular Docking for Computer-Aided Drug Design written by Mohane S. Coumar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-17 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Docking for Computer-Aided Drug Design: Fundamentals, Techniques, Resources and Applications offers in-depth coverage on the use of molecular docking for drug design. The book is divided into three main sections that cover basic techniques, tools, web servers and applications. It is an essential reference for students and researchers involved in drug design and discovery. Covers the latest information and state-of-the-art trends in structure-based drug design methodologies Includes case studies that complement learning Consolidates fundamental concepts and current practice of molecular docking into one convenient resource

Computational Drug Discovery and Design

Download Computational Drug Discovery and Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 1071634410
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (716 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computational Drug Discovery and Design by : Mohini Gore

Download or read book Computational Drug Discovery and Design written by Mohini Gore and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-09 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition provides new and updated methods and techniques for identification of drug target, binding sites prediction, high- throughput virtual screening, lead discovery and optimization, conformational sampling, prediction of pharmacokinetic properties using computer-based methodologies. Chapters also focus on the application of the latest artificial intelligence technologies for computer aided drug discovery. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary methods, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Computational Drug Discovery and Design, Second Edition aims to effectively utilize computational methodologies in discovery and design of novel drugs.

Computer-Aided Drug Design and Delivery Systems

Download Computer-Aided Drug Design and Delivery Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071701257
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (717 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computer-Aided Drug Design and Delivery Systems by : Ahindra Nag

Download or read book Computer-Aided Drug Design and Delivery Systems written by Ahindra Nag and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2010-10-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE LATEST BREAKTHROUGHS IN COMPUTER-AIDED DRUG DESIGN AND DELIVERY This definitive text provides in-depth information on computer-assisted techniques for discovering, designing, and optimizing new, effective, and safe drugs. Computer-Aided Drug Design and Delivery Systems offers objective and quantitative data on the use and delivery of drugs in humans. Enabling technologies such as bioinformatics, pharmacokinetics, biosensors, robotics, and bioinstruments are thoroughly discussed in this innovative work. Coverage includes: Computer-aided drug design (CADD) Drug delivery systems Bioinformatics of drug molecules and databases Lipase- and esterase-mediated drugs and drug intermediates Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs Biomarkers, biosensors, and robotics in medicine Biomedical instrumentation

Drug Discovery and Development

Download Drug Discovery and Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811555346
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Drug Discovery and Development by : Ramarao Poduri

Download or read book Drug Discovery and Development written by Ramarao Poduri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-15 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the processes that are involved in the development of new drugs. The authors discuss the history, role of natural products and concept of receptor interactions with regard to the initial stages of drug discovery. In a single, highly readable volume, it outlines the basics of pharmacological screening, drug target identification, and genetics involved in early drug discovery. The final chapters introduce readers to stem therapeutics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacovigilance, and toxicological testing. Given its scope, the book will enable research scholars, professionals and young scientists to understand the key fundamentals of drug discovery, including stereochemistry, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, statistics and toxicology.

Drug Design: Principles and Applications

Download Drug Design: Principles and Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811051879
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Drug Design: Principles and Applications by : Abhinav Grover

Download or read book Drug Design: Principles and Applications written by Abhinav Grover and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an in-depth discussion of the latest strategies in the field of drug design and their applications in various disorders, in order to encourage readers to undertake their own projects.It also includes the contemporary application of drug-designing methodologies to inspire others to further expand the utility of this field in other diseases.It is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, postdocs, researchers, lecturers and professors in bioinformatics, computational biology, medicine, pharmaceutics and other related fields.

Computational Drug Design

Download Computational Drug Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470451847
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computational Drug Design by : D. C. Young

Download or read book Computational Drug Design written by D. C. Young and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-01-28 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Helps you choose the right computational tools and techniques to meet your drug design goals Computational Drug Design covers all of the major computational drug design techniques in use today, focusing on the process that pharmaceutical chemists employ to design a new drug molecule. The discussions of which computational tools to use and when and how to use them are all based on typical pharmaceutical industry drug design processes. Following an introduction, the book is divided into three parts: Part One, The Drug Design Process, sets forth a variety of design processes suitable for a number of different drug development scenarios and drug targets. The author demonstrates how computational techniques are typically used during the design process, helping readers choose the best computational tools to meet their goals. Part Two, Computational Tools and Techniques, offers a series of chapters, each one dedicated to a single computational technique. Readers discover the strengths and weaknesses of each technique. Moreover, the book tabulates comparative accuracy studies, giving readers an unbiased comparison of all the available techniques. Part Three, Related Topics, addresses new, emerging, and complementary technologies, including bioinformatics, simulations at the cellular and organ level, synthesis route prediction, proteomics, and prodrug approaches. The book's accompanying CD-ROM, a special feature, offers graphics of the molecular structures and dynamic reactions discussed in the book as well as demos from computational drug design software companies. Computational Drug Design is ideal for both students and professionals in drug design, helping them choose and take full advantage of the best computational tools available. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.

Concepts and Experimental Protocols of Modelling and Informatics in Drug Design

Download Concepts and Experimental Protocols of Modelling and Informatics in Drug Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128205474
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Concepts and Experimental Protocols of Modelling and Informatics in Drug Design by : Om Silakari

Download or read book Concepts and Experimental Protocols of Modelling and Informatics in Drug Design written by Om Silakari and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-05 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concepts and Experimental Protocols of Modelling and Informatics in Drug Design discusses each experimental protocol utilized in the field of bioinformatics, focusing especially on computer modeling for drug development. It helps the user in understanding the field of computer-aided molecular modeling (CAMM) by presenting solved exercises and examples. The book discusses topics such as fundamentals of molecular modeling, QSAR model generation, protein databases and how to use them to select and analyze protein structure, and pharmacophore modeling for drug targets. Additionally, it discusses data retrieval system, molecular surfaces, and freeware and online servers. The book is a valuable source for graduate students and researchers on bioinformatics, molecular modeling, biotechnology and several members of biomedical field who need to understand more about computer-aided molecular modeling. Presents exercises with solutions to aid readers in validating their own protocol Brings a thorough interpretation of results of each exercise to help readers compare them to their own study Explains each parameter utilized in the algorithms to help readers understand and manipulate various features of molecules and target protein to design their study

Computer-Aided Drug Discovery

Download Computer-Aided Drug Discovery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781493935192
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computer-Aided Drug Discovery by : Wei Zhang

Download or read book Computer-Aided Drug Discovery written by Wei Zhang and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume examines computer-aided drug discovery (CADD), a crucial component of modern drug discovery programs that is widely utilized to identity and optimize bioactive compounds for the development of new drugs. With a focus on the methods that are commonly used in the early stage of drug discovery, chapters explore computer simulation, structure prediction, conformational sampling, binding site mapping, docking and scoring, in silico screening, and fragment-based drug design. In addition to the state-of-the-art theoretical concept, this book also includes step-by-step, readily reproducible computational protocols as well as examples of various CADD strategies. The limitations and potential pitfalls of different computational methods are discussed by experts, and tips and advice for their applications are suggested. Practical and thorough, Computer-Aided Drug Discovery serves as an ideal addition to the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, guiding researchers toward their lab’s goals with this exciting and versatile technology.

Chemical Genomics

Download Chemical Genomics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107377587
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (73 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chemical Genomics by : Haian Fu

Download or read book Chemical Genomics written by Haian Fu and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-13 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in chemistry, biology and genomics coupled with laboratory automation and computational technologies have led to the rapid emergence of the multidisciplinary field of chemical genomics. This edited text, with contributions from experts in the field, discusses the new techniques and applications that help further the study of chemical genomics. The beginning chapters provide an overview of the basic principles of chemical biology and chemical genomics. This is followed by a technical section that describes the sources of small-molecule chemicals; the basics of high-throughput screening technologies; and various bioassays for biochemical-, cellular- and organism-based screens. The final chapters connect the chemical genomics field with personalized medicine and the druggable genome for future discovery of new therapeutics. This book will be valuable to researchers, professionals and graduate students in many fields, including biology, biomedicine and chemistry.

Innovations and Implementations of Computer Aided Drug Discovery Strategies in Rational Drug Design

Download Innovations and Implementations of Computer Aided Drug Discovery Strategies in Rational Drug Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811589364
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Innovations and Implementations of Computer Aided Drug Discovery Strategies in Rational Drug Design by : Sanjeev Kumar Singh

Download or read book Innovations and Implementations of Computer Aided Drug Discovery Strategies in Rational Drug Design written by Sanjeev Kumar Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents various computer-aided drug discovery methods for the design and development of ligand and structure-based drug molecules. A wide variety of computational approaches are now being used in various stages of drug discovery and development, as well as in clinical studies. Yet, despite the rapid advances in computer software and hardware, combined with the exponential growth in the available biological information, there are many challenges that still need to be addressed, as this book shows. In turn, it shares valuable insights into receptor-ligand interactions in connection with various biological functions and human diseases. The book discusses a wide range of phylogenetic methods and highlights the applications of Molecular Dynamics Simulation in the drug discovery process. It also explores the application of quantum mechanics in order to provide better accuracy when calculating protein-ligand binding interactions and predicting binding affinities. In closing, the book provides illustrative descriptions of major challenges associated with computer-aided drug discovery for the development of therapeutic drugs. Given its scope, it offers a valuable asset for life sciences researchers, medicinal chemists and bioinformaticians looking for the latest information on computer-aided methodologies for drug development, together with their applications in drug discovery.

Overcoming Obstacles in Drug Discovery and Development

Download Overcoming Obstacles in Drug Discovery and Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128173394
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Overcoming Obstacles in Drug Discovery and Development by : Kan He

Download or read book Overcoming Obstacles in Drug Discovery and Development written by Kan He and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-05-18 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overcoming Obstacles in Drug Discovery and Development uses real-world case studies to illustrate how critical thinking and problem solving skills are applied in the discovery and development of drugs. It also shows how developing critical thinking to overcome issues plays an essential role in the process. Modern drug discovery and development is a highly complex undertaking that requires scientific and professional expertise to be successful. After the identification of a molecular entity for treating a medical condition, challenges inevitably arise during the subsequent development to understand and characterize the biological profile; feedback from scientists is used to fine-tune the molecular entity to obtain an effective and safe product. In this process, the discovery team may identify unexpected safety issues and new medical disorders for treatment by the molecular entity. Invariably inherent in this complex undertaking are miscues, mistakes, and unexpected problems that can derail development and throw timetables into disarray, potentially leading to failure in the development of a medically useful drug. Addressing critical unexpected problems during development often requires scientists to utilize critical thinking and imaginative problem-solving skills. Overcoming Obstacles in Drug Discovery and Development will be essential to young scientists to help learn the skills to successfully face challenges, learn from mistakes, and further develop critical thinking skills. It will also be beneficial to experienced researchers who can learn from the case studies of successful and unsuccessful drug development. Provides real-world case studies in drug discovery and the development of drugs Illustrates the use of critical thinking and problem solving in approaching preclinical and clinical problems in drug discovery and development Illustrates and analyses examples of successes and failures in drug discovery and development that have not previously been reported

Computation in BioInformatics

Download Computation in BioInformatics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119654718
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Computation in BioInformatics by : S. Balamurugan

Download or read book Computation in BioInformatics written by S. Balamurugan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COMPUTATION IN BIOINFORMATICS Bioinformatics is a platform between the biology and information technology and this book provides readers with an understanding of the use of bioinformatics tools in new drug design. The discovery of new solutions to pandemics is facilitated through the use of promising bioinformatics techniques and integrated approaches. This book covers a broad spectrum of the bioinformatics field, starting with the basic principles, concepts, and application areas. Also covered is the role of bioinformatics in drug design and discovery, including aspects of molecular modeling. Some of the chapters provide detailed information on bioinformatics related topics, such as silicon design, protein modeling, DNA microarray analysis, DNA-RNA barcoding, and gene sequencing, all of which are currently needed in the industry. Also included are specialized topics, such as bioinformatics in cancer detection, genomics, and proteomics. Moreover, a few chapters explain highly advanced topics, like machine learning and covalent approaches to drug design and discovery, all of which are significant in pharma and biotech research and development. Audience Researchers and engineers in computation biology, information technology, bioinformatics, drug design, biotechnology, pharmaceutical sciences.

Basic Principles of Drug Discovery and Development

Download Basic Principles of Drug Discovery and Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128172150
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Basic Principles of Drug Discovery and Development by : Benjamin E. Blass

Download or read book Basic Principles of Drug Discovery and Development written by Benjamin E. Blass and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-30 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic Principles of Drug Discovery and Development presents the multifaceted process of identifying a new drug in the modern era, which requires a multidisciplinary team approach with input from medicinal chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, drug metabolism experts, toxicologists, clinicians, and a host of experts from numerous additional fields. Enabling technologies such as high throughput screening, structure-based drug design, molecular modeling, pharmaceutical profiling, and translational medicine are critical to the successful development of marketable therapeutics. Given the wide range of disciplines and techniques that are required for cutting edge drug discovery and development, a scientist must master their own fields as well as have a fundamental understanding of their collaborator’s fields. This book bridges the knowledge gaps that invariably lead to communication issues in a new scientist’s early career, providing a fundamental understanding of the various techniques and disciplines required for the multifaceted endeavor of drug research and development. It provides students, new industrial scientists, and academics with a basic understanding of the drug discovery and development process. The fully updated text provides an excellent overview of the process and includes chapters on important drug targets by class, in vitro screening methods, medicinal chemistry strategies in drug design, principles of in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, animal models of disease states, clinical trial basics, and selected business aspects of the drug discovery process. Provides a clear explanation of how the pharmaceutical industry works, as well as the complete drug discovery and development process, from obtaining a lead, to testing the bioactivity, to producing the drug, and protecting the intellectual property Includes a new chapter on the discovery and development of biologics (antibodies proteins, antibody/receptor complexes, antibody drug conjugates), a growing and important area of the pharmaceutical industry landscape Features a new section on formulations, including a discussion of IV formulations suitable for human clinical trials, as well as the application of nanotechnology and the use of transdermal patch technology for drug delivery Updated chapter with new case studies includes additional modern examples of drug discovery through high through-put screening, fragment-based drug design, and computational chemistry

Drug Discovery and Development

Download Drug Discovery and Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789239753
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Drug Discovery and Development by : Vishwanath Gaitonde

Download or read book Drug Discovery and Development written by Vishwanath Gaitonde and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of drug discovery and development is a complex multistage logistics project spanned over 10-15 years with an average budget exceeding 1 billion USD. Starting with target identification and synthesizing anywhere between 10k to 15k synthetic compounds to potentially obtain the final drug that reaches the market involves a complicated maze with multiple inter- and intra-operative fields. Topics described in this book emphasize the progresses in computational applications, pharmacokinetics advances, and molecular modeling developments. In addition the book also contains special topics describing target deorphaning in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, therapy treatment of some rare diseases, and developments in the pediatric drug discovery process.