Computation For Humanity

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Computation for Humanity

Author : Justyna Zander
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439883297
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Computation for Humanity by : Justyna Zander

Download or read book Computation for Humanity written by Justyna Zander and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exponential progress and accessibility of computing has vastly increased data flows and revolutionized the practice of science, engineering, and communication. Computing plays a critical role in advancing research across almost every scientific discipline. Computation for Humanity: Information Technology to Advance Society is a guide for the creation of services, products, and tools that facilitate, support, and enhance progress of humanity toward more sustainable life. This book: Provides a deep understanding of the practical applications of computation to solve human-machine problems Delivers insight into theoretical approaches in an accessible manner Provides a comprehensive overview of computational science and engineering applications in selected disciplines Crosses the boundaries between different domains and shows how they interrelate and complement one another Focuses on grand challenges and issues that matter for the future of humanity Shows different perspectives of computational thinking, understanding, and reasoning Provides a basis for scientific discoveries and enables adopting scientific theories and engineering practices from other disciplines Takes a step back to provide a human-related abstraction level that is not ultimately seen in pure technological elaborations/collections The editors provide a collection of numerous computation-related projects that form a foundation from which to cross-pollinate between different disciplines and further extensive collaboration. They present a clear and profound understanding of computing in today's world, and provide fundamental solutions to some of the most pertinent humanity-related problems.

Computation and the Humanities

Author : Julianne Nyhan
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319201700
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Computation and the Humanities by : Julianne Nyhan

Download or read book Computation and the Humanities written by Julianne Nyhan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-23 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the application of computing to cultural heritage and the discipline of Digital Humanities that formed around it. Digital Humanities research is transforming how the Human record can be transmitted, shaped, understood, questioned and imagined and it has been ongoing for more than 70 years. However, we have no comprehensive histories of its research trajectory or its disciplinary development. The authors make a first contribution towards remedying this by uncovering, documenting, and analysing a number of the social, intellectual and creative processes that helped to shape this research from the 1950s until the present day. By taking an oral history approach, this book explores questions like, among others, researchers’ earliest memories of encountering computers and the factors that subsequently prompted them to use the computer in Humanities research. Computation and the Humanities will be an essential read for cultural and computing historians, digital humanists and those interested in developments like the digitisation of cultural heritage and artefacts. This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license

Handbook of Human Computation

Author : Pietro Michelucci
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461488060
Total Pages : 1059 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Human Computation by : Pietro Michelucci

Download or read book Handbook of Human Computation written by Pietro Michelucci and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 1059 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the emerging area of human computation, The chapters, written by leading international researchers, explore existing and future opportunities to combine the respective strengths of both humans and machines in order to create powerful problem-solving capabilities. The book bridges scientific communities, capturing and integrating the unique perspective and achievements of each. It coalesces contributions from industry and across related disciplines in order to motivate, define, and anticipate the future of this exciting new frontier in science and cultural evolution. Readers can expect to find valuable contributions covering Foundations; Application Domains; Techniques and Modalities; Infrastructure and Architecture; Algorithms; Participation; Analysis; Policy and Security and the Impact of Human Computation. Researchers and professionals will find the Handbook of Human Computation a valuable reference tool. The breadth of content also provides a thorough foundation for students of the field.

Human Computation

Author : Edith Subramanya
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303101555X
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Computation by : Edith Subramanya

Download or read book Human Computation written by Edith Subramanya and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human computation is a new and evolving research area that centers around harnessing human intelligence to solve computational problems that are beyond the scope of existing Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms. With the growth of the Web, human computation systems can now leverage the abilities of an unprecedented number of people via the Web to perform complex computation. There are various genres of human computation applications that exist today. Games with a purpose (e.g., the ESP Game) specifically target online gamers who generate useful data (e.g., image tags) while playing an enjoyable game. Crowdsourcing marketplaces (e.g., Amazon Mechanical Turk) are human computation systems that coordinate workers to perform tasks in exchange for monetary rewards. In identity verification tasks, users perform computation in order to gain access to some online content; an example is reCAPTCHA, which leverages millions of users who solve CAPTCHAs every day to correct words in books that optical character recognition (OCR) programs fail to recognize with certainty. This book is aimed at achieving four goals: (1) defining human computation as a research area; (2) providing a comprehensive review of existing work; (3) drawing connections to a wide variety of disciplines, including AI, Machine Learning, HCI, Mechanism/Market Design and Psychology, and capturing their unique perspectives on the core research questions in human computation; and (4) suggesting promising research directions for the future. Table of Contents: Introduction / Human Computation Algorithms / Aggregating Outputs / Task Routing / Understanding Workers and Requesters / The Art of Asking Questions / The Future of Human Computation

Augmented Human

Author : Helen Papagiannis
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN 13 : 1491928395
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (919 download)

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Book Synopsis Augmented Human by : Helen Papagiannis

Download or read book Augmented Human written by Helen Papagiannis and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2017-08-17 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Augmented Reality (AR) blurs the boundary between the physical and digital worlds. In AR’s current exploration phase, innovators are beginning to create compelling and contextually rich applications that enhance a user’s everyday experiences. In this book, Dr. Helen Papagiannis—a world-leading expert in the field—introduces you to AR: how it’s evolving, where the opportunities are, and where it’s headed. If you’re a designer, developer, entrepreneur, student, educator, business leader, artist, or simply curious about AR’s possibilities, this insightful guide explains how you can become involved with an exciting, fast-moving technology. You’ll explore how: Computer vision, machine learning, cameras, sensors, and wearables change the way you see the world Haptic technology syncs what you see with how something feels Augmented sound and hearables alter the way you listen to your environment Digital smell and taste augment the way you share and receive information New approaches to storytelling immerse and engage users more deeply Users can augment their bodies with electronic textiles, embedded technology, and brain-controlled interfaces Human avatars can learn our behaviors and act on our behalf

A Companion to Digital Humanities

Author : Susan Schreibman
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1405168064
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis A Companion to Digital Humanities by : Susan Schreibman

Download or read book A Companion to Digital Humanities written by Susan Schreibman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-03-03 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Companion offers a thorough, concise overview of the emerging field of humanities computing. Contains 37 original articles written by leaders in the field. Addresses the central concerns shared by those interested in the subject. Major sections focus on the experience of particular disciplines in applying computational methods to research problems; the basic principles of humanities computing; specific applications and methods; and production, dissemination and archiving. Accompanied by a website featuring supplementary materials, standard readings in the field and essays to be included in future editions of the Companion.

Computation and Human Experience

Author : Philip Agre
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521386036
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Computation and Human Experience by : Philip Agre

Download or read book Computation and Human Experience written by Philip Agre and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-07-28 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By paying close attention to the metaphors of artificial intelligence and their consequences for the field's patterns of success and failure, this text argues for a reorientation of the field away from thought and toward activity. It offers a critical reconstruction of AI research.

Computational History and Data-Driven Humanities

Author : Bojan Bozic
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319462245
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational History and Data-Driven Humanities by : Bojan Bozic

Download or read book Computational History and Data-Driven Humanities written by Bojan Bozic and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the Second IFIP WG 12.7 International Workshop on Computational History and Data-Driven Humanities, held in Dublin, Ireland, in May 2016. The 7 full papers presented together with 2 invited talks and 4 lightning talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 14 submissions. The papers focus on the challenge and opportunities of data-driven humanities and cover topics at the interface between computer science, social science, humanities, and mathematics.

Debates in the Digital Humanities 2016

Author : Matthew K. Gold
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 1452951497
Total Pages : 838 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (529 download)

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Book Synopsis Debates in the Digital Humanities 2016 by : Matthew K. Gold

Download or read book Debates in the Digital Humanities 2016 written by Matthew K. Gold and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2016-05-18 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pairing full-length scholarly essays with shorter pieces drawn from scholarly blogs and conference presentations, as well as commissioned interviews and position statements, Debates in the Digital Humanities 2016 reveals a dynamic view of a field in negotiation with its identity, methods, and reach. Pieces in the book explore how DH can and must change in response to social justice movements and events like #Ferguson; how DH alters and is altered by community college classrooms; and how scholars applying DH approaches to feminist studies, queer studies, and black studies might reframe the commitments of DH analysts. Numerous contributors examine the movement of interdisciplinary DH work into areas such as history, art history, and archaeology, and a special forum on large-scale text mining brings together position statements on a fast-growing area of DH research. In the multivalent aspects of its arguments, progressing across a range of platforms and environments, Debates in the Digital Humanities 2016 offers a vision of DH as an expanded field—new possibilities, differently structured. Published simultaneously in print, e-book, and interactive webtext formats, each DH annual will be a book-length publication highlighting the particular debates that have shaped the discipline in a given year. By identifying key issues as they unfold, and by providing a hybrid model of open-access publication, these volumes and the Debates in the Digital Humanities series will articulate the present contours of the field and help forge its future. Contributors: Moya Bailey, Northeastern U; Fiona Barnett; Matthew Battles, Harvard U; Jeffrey M. Binder; Zach Blas, U of London; Cameron Blevins, Rutgers U; Sheila A. Brennan, George Mason U; Timothy Burke, Swarthmore College; Rachel Sagner Buurma, Swarthmore College; Micha Cárdenas, U of Washington–Bothell; Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, Brown U; Tanya E. Clement, U of Texas–Austin; Anne Cong-Huyen, Whittier College; Ryan Cordell, Northeastern U; Tressie McMillan Cottom, Virginia Commonwealth U; Amy E. Earhart, Texas A&M U; Domenico Fiormonte, U of Roma Tre; Paul Fyfe, North Carolina State U; Jacob Gaboury, Stony Brook U; Kim Gallon, Purdue U; Alex Gil, Columbia U; Brian Greenspan, Carleton U; Richard Grusin, U of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Michael Hancher, U of Minnesota; Molly O’Hagan Hardy; David L. Hoover, New York U; Wendy F. Hsu; Patrick Jagoda, U of Chicago; Jessica Marie Johnson, Michigan State U; Steven E. Jones, Loyola U; Margaret Linley, Simon Fraser U; Alan Liu, U of California, Santa Barbara; Elizabeth Losh, U of California, San Diego; Alexis Lothian, U of Maryland; Michael Maizels, Wellesley College; Mark C. Marino, U of Southern California; Anne B. McGrail, Lane Community College; Bethany Nowviskie, U of Virginia; Julianne Nyhan, U College London; Amanda Phillips, U of California, Davis; Miriam Posner, U of California, Los Angeles; Rita Raley, U of California, Santa Barbara; Stephen Ramsay, U of Nebraska–Lincoln; Margaret Rhee, U of Oregon; Lisa Marie Rhody, Graduate Center, CUNY; Roopika Risam, Salem State U; Stephen Robertson, George Mason U; Mark Sample, Davidson College; Jentery Sayers, U of Victoria; Benjamin M. Schmidt, Northeastern U; Scott Selisker, U of Arizona; Jonathan Senchyne, U of Wisconsin, Madison; Andrew Stauffer, U of Virginia; Joanna Swafford, SUNY New Paltz; Toniesha L. Taylor, Prairie View A&M U; Dennis Tenen; Melissa Terras, U College London; Anna Tione; Ted Underwood, U of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign; Ethan Watrall, Michigan State U; Jacqueline Wernimont, Arizona State U; Laura Wexler, Yale U; Hong-An Wu, U of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign.

The Human Face of Computing

Author : Cristian S Calude
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 1783266457
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis The Human Face of Computing by : Cristian S Calude

Download or read book The Human Face of Computing written by Cristian S Calude and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computation is ubiquitous: modern life would be inconceivable without it. Written as a series of conversations with influential computer scientists, mathematicians and physicists, this book provides access to the inner thinking of those who have made essential contributions to the development of computing and its applications. You will learn about the interviewees' education, career path, influences, methods of work, how they cope with failure and success, how they relax, how they see the future, and much more. The conversations are presented in jargon-free language suitable for a general audience, but with enough technical detail for more specialized readers. The aim of the book is not only to inform and entertain, but also to motivate and stimulate. Contents:Computing Science: Formal Methods (Dines Bjørner) Computer System and Network Performance Analysis (Erol Gelenbe)From Theoretical Computer Science to Behavioural Programming, Biology and Smell (David Harel) Computational Complexity (Juris Hartmanis)From Theory to Library of Efficient Data Types and Algorithms (LEDA) and Algorithm Engineering (Kurt Mehlhorn) Theoretical Computer Science (Arto Salomaa) Concurrent Systems Specification and Verification (Joseph Sifakis) Information-Based Complexity (Joseph F Traub)A Stroll Through the Gardens of Computer Science (Ian H Witten)Computing in Biology, Mathematics and Physics: Experimental Mathematics (Jon Borwein) Constructive Mathematics (Douglas Bridges)Mathematics, Physics, Biology and Philosophy (Gregory Chaitin) Qualitative Computing (Françoise Chatelin) Computability, Complexity Theory, Reverse Mathematics and Algorithmic Information Theory (Rod Downey) Informatics, Physics and Mathematics (Jozef Gruska) Computations and Natural Sciences (Giuseppe Longo) My Life Is Not a Conveyor Belt (Yuri Manin) Mathematical Analysis, Languages and Fractals (Solomon Marcus) Information, Quantum Mechanics and Probabilities (Mioara Mugur-Schachter) Natural Computing (Grzegorz Rozenberg) Social Aspects of Computing: Internet (Brian E Carpenter) Systems, Art and CONICYT (Eric Goles) Mathematics, Computer Science and Life (Yuri Gurevich)Computing and Thinking about the Future (Hermann Maurer) From Theory and Practice in Computing to Research Ethics and the Surveillance State (Moshe Y Vardi) Compiler Construction and Dagstuhl (Reinhard Wilhelm) Readership: Readers and specialists with a background in computer science interested in the lives and motivations of eminent computer scientists. Key Features:Unique format and treatmentFeatures eminent scientistsIncludes stimulating conversations with renowned scientistsKeywords:Computing;ConversationsReviews: "Cristian Calude has assembled a remarkable collection of fascinating essays by distinguished computer scientists concerning the myriad ways in which computers impact our lives at this time and how they will do so in the future." Martin Davis author of The Universal Computer "Let us thank Cristian Calude for having produced this accurate and inspiring book on the human aspects of computer science." Maurice Nivat French Academy of Sciences

Roberto Busa, S. J., and the Emergence of Humanities Computing

Author : Steven E. Jones
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317286537
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Roberto Busa, S. J., and the Emergence of Humanities Computing by : Steven E. Jones

Download or read book Roberto Busa, S. J., and the Emergence of Humanities Computing written by Steven E. Jones and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-31 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It’s the founding myth of humanities computing and digital humanities: In 1949, the Italian Jesuit scholar, Roberto Busa, S.J., persuaded IBM to offer technical and financial support for the mechanized creation of a massive lemmatized concordance to the works of St. Thomas Aquinas. Using Busa’s own papers, recently accessioned in Milan, as well as IBM archives and other sources, Jones illuminates this DH origin story. He examines relationships between the layers of hardware, software, human agents, culture, and history, and answers the question of how specific technologies afford and even constrain cultural practices, including in this case the academic research agendas of humanities computing and, later, digital humanities.

Computation for Humanity Information Technology to Advance Society

Author : William Hamilton
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781977920690
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Computation for Humanity Information Technology to Advance Society by : William Hamilton

Download or read book Computation for Humanity Information Technology to Advance Society written by William Hamilton and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-08-17 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exponential progress and accessibility of computing has vastly increased data flows and revolutionized the practice of science, engineering, and communication. Computing plays a critical role in advancing research across almost every scientific discipline.

Big Data in Computational Social Science and Humanities

Author : Shu-Heng Chen
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319954652
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Big Data in Computational Social Science and Humanities by : Shu-Heng Chen

Download or read book Big Data in Computational Social Science and Humanities written by Shu-Heng Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume focuses on big data implications for computational social science and humanities from management to usage. The first part of the book covers geographic data, text corpus data, and social media data, and exemplifies their concrete applications in a wide range of fields including anthropology, economics, finance, geography, history, linguistics, political science, psychology, public health, and mass communications. The second part of the book provides a panoramic view of the development of big data in the fields of computational social sciences and humanities. The following questions are addressed: why is there a need for novel data governance for this new type of data?, why is big data important for social scientists?, and how will it revolutionize the way social scientists conduct research? With the advent of the information age and technologies such as Web 2.0, ubiquitous computing, wearable devices, and the Internet of Things, digital society has fundamentally changed what we now know as "data", the very use of this data, and what we now call "knowledge". Big data has become the standard in social sciences, and has made these sciences more computational. Big Data in Computational Social Science and Humanities will appeal to graduate students and researchers working in the many subfields of the social sciences and humanities.

Humanities Computing

Author : W. McCarty
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9781349517640
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Humanities Computing by : W. McCarty

Download or read book Humanities Computing written by W. McCarty and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanities Computing provides a rationale for a computing practice that is of and for as well as in the humanities and the interpretative social sciences. It engages philosophical, historical, ethnographic and critical perspectives to show how computing helps us fulfil the basic mandate of the humane sciences to ask ever better questions of the most challenging kind. It strengthens current practice by stimulating debate on the role of the computer in our intellectual life, and outlines an agenda for the field to which individual scholars across the humanities can contribute.

Between Humanities and the Digital

Author : Patrik Svensson
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262549921
Total Pages : 589 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Humanities and the Digital by : Patrik Svensson

Download or read book Between Humanities and the Digital written by Patrik Svensson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-12-05 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars from a range of disciplines offer an expansive vision of the intersections between new information technologies and the humanities. Between Humanities and the Digital offers an expansive vision of how the humanities engage with digital and information technology, providing a range of perspectives on a quickly evolving, contested, and exciting field. It documents the multiplicity of ways that humanities scholars have turned increasingly to digital and information technology as both a scholarly tool and a cultural object in need of analysis. The contributors explore the state of the art in digital humanities from varied disciplinary perspectives, offer a sample of digitally inflected work that ranges from an analysis of computational literature to the collaborative development of a “Global Middle Ages” humanities platform, and examine new models for knowledge production and infrastructure. Their contributions show not only that the digital has prompted the humanities to move beyond traditional scholarly horizons, but also that the humanities have pushed the digital to become more than a narrowly technical application. Contributors Ian Bogost, Anne Cong-Huyen, Mats Dahlström, Cathy N. Davidson, Johanna Drucker, Amy E. Earhart, Kathleen Fitzpatrick, Maurizio Forte, Zephyr Frank, David Theo Goldberg, Jennifer González, Jo Guldi, N. Katherine Hayles, Geraldine Heng, Larissa Hjorth, Tim Hutchings, Henry Jenkins, Matthew Kirschenbaum, Cecilia Lindhé, Alan Liu, Elizabeth Losh, Tara McPherson, Chandra Mukerji, Nick Montfort, Jenna Ng, Bethany Nowviskie, Jennie Olofsson, Lisa Parks, Natalie Phillips, Todd Presner, Stephen Rachman, Patricia Seed, Nishant Shah, Ray Siemens, Jentery Sayers, Jonathan Sterne, Patrik Svensson, William G. Thomas III, Whitney Anne Trettien, Michael Widner

Learner-Centered Design of Computing Education

Author : MARK GUZDIAL
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031022165
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Learner-Centered Design of Computing Education by : MARK GUZDIAL

Download or read book Learner-Centered Design of Computing Education written by MARK GUZDIAL and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computing education is in enormous demand. Many students (both children and adult) are realizing that they will need programming in the future. This book presents the argument that they are not all going to use programming in the same way and for the same purposes. What do we mean when we talk about teaching everyone to program? When we target a broad audience, should we have the same goals as computer science education for professional software developers? How do we design computing education that works for everyone? This book proposes use of a learner-centered design approach to create computing education for a broad audience. It considers several reasons for teaching computing to everyone and how the different reasons lead to different choices about learning goals and teaching methods. The book reviews the history of the idea that programming isn't just for the professional software developer. It uses research studies on teaching computing in liberal arts programs, to graphic designers, to high school teachers, in order to explore the idea that computer science for everyone requires us to re-think how we teach and what we teach. The conclusion describes how we might create computing education for everyone.

Between Human and Machine

Author : David A. Mindell
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 0801877741
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Human and Machine by : David A. Mindell

Download or read book Between Human and Machine written by David A. Mindell and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2003-04-30 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, we associate the relationship between feedback, control, and computing with Norbert Wiener's 1948 formulation of cybernetics. But the theoretical and practical foundations for cybernetics, control engineering, and digital computing were laid earlier, between the two world wars. In Between Human and Machine: Feedback, Control, and Computing before Cybernetics, David A. Mindell shows how the modern sciences of systems emerged from disparate engineering cultures and their convergence during World War II. Mindell examines four different arenas of control systems research in the United States between the world wars: naval fire control, the Sperry Gyroscope Company, the Bell Telephone Laboratories, and Vannevar Bush's laboratory at MIT. Each of these institutional sites had unique technical problems, organizational imperatives, and working environments, and each fostered a distinct engineering culture. Each also developed technologies to represent the world in a machine. At the beginning of World War II, President Roosevelt established the National Defense Research Committee, one division of which was devoted to control systems. Mindell shows how the NDRC brought together representatives from the four pre-war engineering cultures, and how its projects synthesized conceptions of control, communications, and computing. By the time Wiener articulated his vision, these ideas were already suffusing through engineering. They would profoundly influence the digital world. As a new way to conceptualize the history of computing, this book will be of great interest to historians of science, technology, and culture, as well as computer scientists and theorists. Between Human and Machine: Feedback, Control, and Computing before Cybernetics