Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Compliance Management For Public Private Or Non Profit Organizations
Download Compliance Management For Public Private Or Non Profit Organizations full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Compliance Management For Public Private Or Non Profit Organizations ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Compliance Management for Public, Private, or Non-Profit Organizations by : Michael G. Silverman
Download or read book Compliance Management for Public, Private, or Non-Profit Organizations written by Michael G. Silverman and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2008-04-13 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today’s business climate, accountability, transparency, and a high regard for laws, regulations, and ethical conduct is as much a part of how an organization manages its affairs as its primary mission and operations. Compliance Management for Public, Private, or Nonprofit Organizations is a complete, hands-on guide to implementing strategies and techniques for developing, managing, and improving the compliance function of any organization. Author Michael G. Silverman is a corporate expert in strategic planning, program management, compliance, risk assessment, and policy development. In Compliance Management for Public, Private, or Nonprofit Organizations, he presents a comprehensive treatment of the subject by examining the traditional compliance issues associated with laws and regulations, as well as matters surrounding ethical behavior, organizational structure, technology, administration, and risk management. From establishing compliance goals and managing education and training programs to operating a whistle-blowing program and addressing staffing and budgeting requirements, this practical resource covers everything compliance officers and risk and organizational managers need to know, including: Where and how to establish a compliance program within an organization The critical skills and expertise for maintaining an effective compliance program Pros and cons of making a compliance program a part-time function of an organization How to deliver bad news to senior management—and survive Compliance Management for Public, Private, or Nonprofit Organizations includes a wealth of examples that illustrate the real-world applications of critical strategies and techniques for using the board of directors and senior management to promote compliance, reduce employee and management barriers to compliance, conduct in-depth risk assessment and compliance audits, and more.
Book Synopsis Private Foundations by : Bruce R. Hopkins
Download or read book Private Foundations written by Bruce R. Hopkins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The must-have tax law reference for private foundations, updated for 2016 Private Foundations provides an authoritative reference and extensive analysis of tax law and compliance in the private foundations arena, with a wealth of practical tools to streamline applications, filing, and reporting. This 2016 Cumulative Supplement captures the latest regulatory developments for easy reference, with coverage of tax-exempt status, mandatory distribution, annual reporting to the IRS, winding up a foundation's affairs, and much more. Comprehensive line-by-line instructions are included for a variety of exemption applications and tax forms, and easy-to-use checklists highlight areas of critical concern to help you avoid oversights. Sample documents are provided to guide the composition of organizational bylaws and letters of application, and completed IRS forms provide practical reference for side-by-side comparison. With comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of the private foundations space alongside helpful tools and visual reference, this book is a resource every foundation needs. Written by two of the nation's leading authorities on private foundations, this supplement provides essential guidance you can trust. Clear, concise instructions focused on real-world use makes this reference a critical companion for those tasked with the responsibility of maintaining a foundation's tax-exempt status. Learn the latest guidelines for compliance, reporting, and eligibility Access the latest regulatory changes quickly and easily Organize reporting and applications with checklists and sample forms Find valuable tools and reference for all aspects of private foundation compliance Increasing IRS scrutiny makes compliance a more critical issue than ever before. An organization's tax-exempt status is generally vital to its continued operation, and a single oversight can put the future in jeopardy. Private Foundations provides detailed instructions, examples, and much-needed answers on all aspects of private foundation tax law and compliance.
Book Synopsis Nonprofit Governance by : Bruce R. Hopkins
Download or read book Nonprofit Governance written by Bruce R. Hopkins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-22 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonprofit Governance Law, Practices & Trends Governance seems to be the subject that is perched atop every nonprofit lawyer's worry/wish list, despite the fact that there is not much law on the point, particularly at the federal level. This ascension in importance is largely due to the various organizations propounding best practices and principles for public charities and other forms of nonprofit organizations, the IRS's redesigned Form 990, the agency's aggressive push of certain good governance principles in the tax-exempt organizations' setting, and scandals brought to light by the Senate Finance Committee staff. Stemming from the authors' endless hours of meditating over the new Form 990 and sifting through the many (and often inconsistent) best practices principles, Nonprofit Governance fills the need for some cohesion in the realm of nonprofit governance by providing in-depth coverage and explanations of the laws, practices, and trends in this volatile area. An invaluable resource for nonprofit executives, officers, directors, nonprofit lawyers, accountants, members of boards of directors, and consultants, legal experts Bruce R. Hopkins and Virginia Gross's Nonprofit Governance brims with detailed documentation and references to regulations, rulings, cases, and tax literature (which includes current articles and tax law review notes). Here, readers will find a wealth of clarifying information on: Federal and state law fundamentals Board member responsibilities and liability Nonprofit governance principles Nonprofit governance issues Application of the private benefit doctrine Governance and the redesigned Form 990 Recommended polices and procedures Governance case studies Governance legal audit A law primer for nonprofit board members And much more The book includes an exhaustive index, Internal Revenue Code citations and numerous case studies, tips, forms, and checklists to round out the authoritative coverage. Nonprofit Governance is an indispensable guide to, and through, all of the governance policymaking that is unfolding, to improve the management of nonprofit organizations as well as to help organizations be in compliance with nonprofit governance law.
Book Synopsis Private Foundations by : Bruce R. Hopkins
Download or read book Private Foundations written by Bruce R. Hopkins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-03 with total page 1172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 50,000 private foundations in the United States and the increasing scrutiny of the IRS, this much-needed, annually updated manual provides you with a wide range of tax rules and regulations for these foundations. Coauthored by a lawyer and tax accountant, the revised and expanded Third Edition includes practical tax compliance suggestions and in-depth legal explanations. Capturing all-new developments in the private foundations arena, the new edition presents you with line-by-line instructions, sample-filled IRS forms, and complete citations.
Book Synopsis Private Foundations by : Bruce R. Hopkins
Download or read book Private Foundations written by Bruce R. Hopkins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The must-have tax law reference for private foundations, updated for 2017 Private Foundations provides an authoritative reference and extensive analysis of tax law and compliance in the private foundations arena, with a wealth of practical tools to streamline applications, filing, and reporting. This 2017 Cumulative Supplement captures the latest regulatory developments for easy reference, with coverage of tax-exempt status, the self-dealing rules, mandatory distribution, jeaopardizing investments, taxable expnditures, annual reporting to the IRS, winding up a foundation's affairs, and much more. Comprehensive line-by-line instructions are included for a variety of exemption applications and tax forms, and easy-to-use checklists highlight areas of critical concern to help you avoid oversights. Sample documents are provided to guide the composition of organizational bylaws and various letters, and completed IRS forms provide practical reference for side-by-side comparison. With comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of the private foundations space alongside helpful tools and visual reference, this book is a resource every foundation's needs. Written by two of the nation's leading authorities on private foundations, this supplement provides essential guidance you can trust. Clear, concise instructions focused on real-world use makes this reference a critical companion for those tasked with the responsibility of maintaining a foundation's tax-exempt status and staying out of regulatory difficulties. Learn the latest guidelines for compliance, reporting, and eligibility Access the latest regulatory changes quickly and easily Organize reporting and applications with checklists and sample forms Find valuable tools and reference for all aspects of private foundation compliance Increasing IRS scrutiny makes compliance a more critical issue than ever before. An organization's tax-exempt status is generally vital to its continued operation, and a single oversight can put the future in jeopardy and staying out of regulatory difficulties. Private Foundations provides detailed instructions, examples, and much-needed answers on all aspects of private foundation tax law and compliance.
Book Synopsis Private Foundations by : Bruce R. Hopkins
Download or read book Private Foundations written by Bruce R. Hopkins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-04 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 50,000 private foundations in the United States and the increasing scrutiny of the IRS, this much-needed, annually updated manual provides you with a wide range of tax rules and regulations for these foundations. Coauthored by a lawyer and tax accountant, the revised and expanded Third Edition includes practical tax compliance suggestions and in-depth legal explanations. Capturing all-new developments in the private foundations arena, this new edition presents you with line-by-line instructions, sample-filled IRS forms, and complete citations.
Book Synopsis Private Foundations by : Bruce R. Hopkins
Download or read book Private Foundations written by Bruce R. Hopkins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-11-13 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential guide to foundation tax law, revised and expanded Private Foundations, 4th Edition: Tax Law and Compliance captures all new developments in the area, providing an up-to-date reference on relevant changes in IRS forms, requirements, and related tax procedures. Completely revised and expanded, this useful book provides valuable tools including checklists that highlight critical concerns such as tax exempt eligibility, reporting to the IRS, and tax compliance. Sample documents and practice aids provide easy quick reference, and the extensive analysis of the regulations and law that apply to foundations helps reader fully grasp the details of new legislation. In-depth coverage includes everything from organizing and applying for tax-exempt status and managing mandatory distribution, to annual reporting and winding up a foundation's affairs. With more than 80,000 private foundations in the United States, and the increasing scrutiny of the IRS, this essential book provides the tax law updates that keep foundations compliant in the midst of ever evolving laws and guidelines. Written by two of the country's leading legal authorities on the law of private foundations, this new edition provides guidance toward the latest changes, with top-notch insight and interpretation. Understand critical guidelines regarding eligibility, reporting, and compliance Get up to date on the most recent changes to tax regulations and other law Complete applications and forms more quickly and easily Consult charts and examples to find information quickly Staying up to date on the tax laws that apply to private foundations can be daunting, especially factoring in the need to understand the interpretation and application of these complex regulations. Private Foundations, 4th Edition: Tax Law and Compliance puts all the codification and guidance in one place, making it a "must-have" reference for foundation tax law.
Book Synopsis Starting and Managing a Nonprofit Organization by : Bruce R. Hopkins
Download or read book Starting and Managing a Nonprofit Organization written by Bruce R. Hopkins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-09 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonprofits must comply with stringent federal and state regulations due to their special tax-exempt status; the government's ultimate threat is revocation of a nonprofit's tax-exempt status, which usually means the nonprofit's demise. Written in plain English, not "legalese," this book provides essential guidance for those interested in starting new nonprofits, as well as valuable advice for directors of established organizations. This easy-to-read resource contains essential information on virtually every legal aspect of starting and operating a nonprofit organization from receiving and maintaining tax-exempt status to tips for successful management practices. The Fifth Edition includes updates to areas that have changed dramatically in the wake of new law. These areas include: corporate governance principles, compensation issues, private benefit doctrine, political campaign activity, the new form 990, endowment funds, and IRS audits activity.
Book Synopsis NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2021 by : Robert Beeres
Download or read book NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2021 written by Robert Beeres and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access volume of the NL ARMS offers an interdisciplinary view on the domain of Compliance and Integrity in International Military Trade (CIIMT), integrating defence economics, international law, arms export control frameworks and policies, information management, organizational sciences and ethics. Although, in academia, and from an interdisciplinary perspective, CIIMT constitutes a relatively novel research domain, across private and public defence-related sectors, the subject evokes high levels of attention and interest, instigating a need for critical thinking, reflection and creativity to address ensuing multi-faceted issues and problems. The Faculty of Military Sciences at the Netherlands Defence Academy extends an in-house MSc programme on CIIMT, which, by integrating practice-based and scientific-based knowledge, aims to contribute to this need. The MSc programme on CIIMT is concerned with exploring, analysing, understanding, explaining, controlling and improving the military dimension in international military trade. More particularly, CIIMT studies managerial questions regarding strategic trade control of military and dual-use goods and services. CIIMT ties in with the Netherlands Defence Academy's vision on scientific education, embedded in the reflective practitioners' paradigm uniting both management and leadership skills needed to decide and operate in high-tension and high-risk knowledge intensive environments. The Faculty of Military Sciences uses the reflective practitioners' paradigm to refer to critical thinking, reflection and Bildung that characterize its thinking doers, the so-called Thinking Soldiers, either at the academic Bachelor's or Master's level. In view of the complexity of the international trade regarding military and dual-use goods and services, the rapid evolvement of strategic trade control and frameworks, and its importance to procurement processes, defence organizations require innovative thinking doers, who, based on an in-depth understanding, from an interdisciplinary perspective can be expected to find - and take responsibility for - creative solutions to problems. NL ARMS 2021 comprises, amongst others, contributions from students and lecturers partaking in this programme. volume of the NL ARMS offers an interdisciplinary view on the domain of Compliance and Integrity in International Military Trade (CIIMT), integrating defence economics, international law, arms export control frameworks and policies, information management, organizational sciences and ethics. Although, in academia, and from an interdisciplinary perspective, CIIMT constitutes a relatively novel research domain, across private and public defence-related sectors, the subject evokes high levels of attention and interest, instigating a need for critical thinking, reflection and creativity to address ensuing multi-faceted issues and problems. The Faculty of Military Sciences at the Netherlands Defence Academy extends an in-house MSc programme on CIIMT, which, by integrating practice-based and scientific-based knowledge, aims to contribute to this need. The MSc programme on CIIMT is concerned with exploring, analysing, understanding, explaining, controlling and improving the military dimension in international military trade. More particularly, CIIMT studies managerial questions regarding strategic trade control of military and dual-use goods and services. CIIMT ties in with the Netherlands Defence Academy's vision on scientific education, embedded in the reflective practitioners' paradigm uniting both management and leadership skills needed to decide and operate in high-tension and high-risk knowledge intensive environments. The Faculty of Military Sciences uses the reflective practitioners' paradigm to refer to critical thinking, reflection and Bildung that characterize its thinking doers, the so-called Thinking Soldiers, either at the academic Bachelor's or Master's level. In view of the complexity of the international trade regarding military and dual-use goods and services, the rapid evolvement of strategic trade control and frameworks, and its importance to procurement processes, defence organizations require innovative thinking doers, who, based on an in-depth understanding, from an interdisciplinary perspective can be expected to find - and take responsibility for - creative solutions to problems. NL ARMS 2021 comprises, amongst others, contributions from students and lecturers partaking in this programme.
Book Synopsis Ethics and Compliance Programs in Multinational Organizations by : Katharina Wulf
Download or read book Ethics and Compliance Programs in Multinational Organizations written by Katharina Wulf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study examines how multinational organizations implement the concept of ethics and compliance programs into their businesses and the extent to which these programs were geared to the 2004 Amendments. The study explores the applicability of the 2004 Amendments and analyzes the instruments organizations use to successfully develop and maintain these programs. By including research from various fields, a theoretical framework was developed for implementing an ethics and compliance program that takes into account the 2004 Amendments
Book Synopsis Corporate Governance Best Practices by : Frederick D. Lipman
Download or read book Corporate Governance Best Practices written by Frederick D. Lipman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-08 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for Corporate Governance Best Practices "A thorough and thoughtful guidebook on the governance lay of the land." -Professor Charles M. Elson, Woolard Chair in Corporate Governance and Director of Weinberg Center for Corporate Governance, University of Delaware "Frederick Lipman provides a comprehensive approach to best corporate governance practices for all organizations, which is current, thoughtful, and practical. Directors and corporate governance personnel of public, private, and not-for-profit organizations must read this book." -Professor Raphael H. Amit, Director of Goergen Entrepreneurial Management Program, Wharton School of Business "Fred Lipman is considered by many directors and CEOs to be the preeminent expert on corporate governance in the country. His advice on this important topic, which impacts the boards of all types of organizations-public, private, and not-for-profit-is required reading in this day and age." -Frederick (Ted) Peters, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Bryn Mawr Bank Corporation (aka The Bryn Mawr Trust Company) "Boards of directors must be aware of best corporate governance practices in order to be effective in their oversight role and that is true for all not-for-profit organizations, including universities, as well as public and private companies. Frederick Lipman has authored a practical and comprehensive guide to 'best practices' for all boards of directors, which is required reading." -George P. Tsetsekos, PhD, Dean, Bennett S. LeBow College of Business, Drexel University "In a world of 'good,' 'better,' 'best,' where 'good' and 'better' may not be good enough, Fred Lipman's new book is a straightforward, and even comforting, compendium of BEST governance practices for serious directors. It is a handy and reassuring tool for the conscientious." -Allen R. Freedman, Audit Committee Chairman, StoneMor Partners LP,Founding Director, Association of Audit Committee Members
Book Synopsis Nonprofit Financial Management by : Charles K. Coe
Download or read book Nonprofit Financial Management written by Charles K. Coe and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely, practical, and concise handbook of best practices for nonprofit financial management In 2010 an estimated 325,000 charities, membership groups, and trade associations?with small nonprofits disproportionately represented?stand to lose their tax exemptions for failure to comply with financial management requirements. Nonprofit Financial Management: A Practical Guide is a timely, functional, and concise handbook of best practices for nonprofit organizations of every size. Addresses federal reporting requirements and discusses methods to decrease expenses, ensure accounting control, increase revenues through professional cash management, and understand budget statements Explains how to read financial statements and analyze a nonprofit's financial condition by using the most recent IRS 990 reporting form Covers the full range of financial-management topics, including accounting, internal controls, auditing, evaluating financial condition, budgeting, cash management and banking, purchasing and contracting, borrowing and risk management Written in an easy-to-read style, with more than 100 exhibits, this book is essential for every nonprofit financial manager.
Book Synopsis The Best of Boards by : Marci S. Thomas
Download or read book The Best of Boards written by Marci S. Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonprofit organizations’ boards are justifiably passionate about their causes and eager to help their organizations. However, in today’s increasingly regulated climate, board members, who come from diverse backgrounds and may have little financial expertise, can feel overwhelmed by the regulations that are their duty to follow. The Best of Boards: Sound Governance and Leadership for Nonprofit Organizations provides not-for-profit board members and financial managers with the essential fiduciary knowledge and indispensable leadership guidance that they need to meet the challenges of the current not-for-profit environment. This book contains: Financial and ethical guidance for real-life situations Practical leadership advice for novice and experienced board members Assistance for not-for-profit managers tasked with governance challenges Tools, checklists, and templates based on common sense management techniques This publication will build ethically sound management knowledge in not-for-profit board members so that they can ensure the compliance and, ultimately, the success of their organization.
Book Synopsis The Tax Law of Private Foundations, + website by : Bruce R. Hopkins
Download or read book The Tax Law of Private Foundations, + website written by Bruce R. Hopkins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-09-25 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Make sense of the new regulatory requirements with expert clarification and practical tools for compliance Private Foundations: Tax Law and Compliance, 5th Edition provides clarification, expert insight, and helpful instruction for executives and supporting professionals navigating extensive federal tax law requirements. Despite their relatively low numbers, private foundations are subject to complex, burdensome regulations that continue to expand; the recent tax overhaul has compounded this issue, bringing massive changes beyond the usual annual adjustments, and throwing a wrench into the status quo of compliance-as-usual. This book summarizes and clarifies the statutory regulations governing private foundations, offers expert insight into the underlying logic, and provides a host of practical tools that ease the filing process and help ensure compliance with the latest laws. Detailed explanations are bolstered by checklists, sample documents and letters, practice forms, and real-world examples in order to provide both conceptual and practical guidance for maintaining tax-exempt eligibility and tax compliance. By untangling the complex maze of constantly-evolving requirements, this book offers a much-needed resource to those tasked with ensuring compliance amidst regulatory changes year after year. Learn how the recent changes to tax laws affect private foundations and related organizations Understand the practical implications of maintaining compliance Access critical tools that help streamline the filing process Avoid mistakes and oversights with line-by-line instruction This book is updated annually to provide guidance based on the most recent iteration of the law, but this year’s edition is unusually critical; federal law has undergone sweeping changes that will substantially alter filings across the board, and the complex nature of the regulations governing private foundations promises additional confusion as the new laws are applied. Private Foundations: Tax Law and Compliance, 5th Edition provides insight, clarification, and explanation from the nation’s leading authority on tax-exempt organizations to help private foundations maintain compliance amidst the changes.
Book Synopsis Accountability and Effectiveness Evaluation in Nonprofit Organizations by : James Cutt
Download or read book Accountability and Effectiveness Evaluation in Nonprofit Organizations written by James Cutt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2000-07-06 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique volume provides new perspectives on assessing the performance of nonprofit organizations whilst meeting the information needs of decision-makers, both internal (such as resource-providers, regulators and clients), and external (including boards, managers, staff and volunteers). Whilst most discussions of accountability focus exclusively on financial accountability, this title offers a significant contribution to a relatively untouched area by combining the treatment of both evaluation and accountability from a managerial perspective. With increased interest in the concept that nonprofit organizations must be accountable, this topical volume fills a gap in the literature that postgraduates and scholars of business studies and management will find invaluable.
Book Synopsis Databases and Information Systems VIII by : A. Kalja
Download or read book Databases and Information Systems VIII written by A. Kalja and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2014-12 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Databases and information systems are the backbone of modern information technology and are crucial to the IT systems which support all aspects of our everyday life; from government, education and healthcare, to business processes and the storage of our personal photos and archives. This book presents 22 of the best revised papers accepted following stringent peer review for the 11th International Baltic Conference on Databases and Information Systems (Baltic DB&IS 2014), held in Tallinn, Estonia, in June 2014. The conference provided a forum for the exchange of scientific achievements between the research communities of the Baltic countries and the rest of the world in the area of databases and information systems, bringing together researchers, practitioners and Ph.D. students from many countries. The subject areas covered at the conference focused on big data processing, data warehouses, data integration and services, data and knowledge management, e-government, as well as e-services and e-learning.
Book Synopsis Human Resources Information Systems by : Nicolas A. Valcik
Download or read book Human Resources Information Systems written by Nicolas A. Valcik and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-09 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) for those in the public administration field. At the intersection between human resource management and information technology, HRIS is often the key to having and maintaining the personnel data that is essential for hiring and recruitment, strategic planning and analysis, and legal requirements in most public organizations. This book describes what an HRIS system is, what the functionality of such a system should be, and outlines the practical aspects of an HRIS. It also compares the different aspects of human resources in public organizations, non-profit organizations, and private corporations, and how differences across organizations may influence the functionality requirements of the HRIS. Finally, the volume contains both an organizational theory component, which frames how an HRIS interacts with an organization both from a functional standpoint and a reporting standpoint. The book includes a practical component, which includes real-world case studies that illustrate the advantages and pitfalls to implementing an HRIS enterprise system. Providing a thorough introduction to HRIS for both academics and practitioners, this volume is appropriate for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners in the fields of public administration, higher education administration, information systems, computer science, and human resources.
