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Competing Vegetation In Ponderosa Pine Plantations
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Book Synopsis Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planted ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) seedlings in young plantations in California are at a disadvantage compared with competing shrubs, forbs, and grasses. In many instances, roots of competing plants begin expanding and exploiting the soil earlier and in greater numbers, thereby capturing the majority of available resources and lowering pine survival and growth. Competition thresholds or "how much is too much?" are: for treatments where a cleared radius is prescribed, no weeds are acceptable within the space needed for maximum growth of pine seedlings during the establishment period; for treatments involving the entire area, crown cover values of 10 to 30 percent seem to be the level beyond which shrub competition significantly affects pine growth. Methods for preparing the site, which include mechanical and chemical methods, use of fire, and combinations of treatments, show the interaction of site and ensuing vegetation. Techniques for controlling competing vegetation from seed include preventing such plants from getting started by use of preemergent herbicides or mats (collars). To prevent sprouting, hardwood trees and large shrubs can be pushed over, thereby getting the root crown out of the ground, or if still in the soil, grinding it out with a machine. Once present, the effect of weeds from seed can be minimized by grubbing or spraying when young, by grazing plants with cattle or sheep, or by introducing plants of low competitive ability. Once sprouting weeds are present, their effect can be minimized by spraying with chemicals, or if palatable, by grazing with cattle or sheep. Costs range from as low as $10 per acre ($25/ha) for aerially applying herbicides to $711 per acre ($1757/ha) for grinding out tanoak stumps.
Book Synopsis Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Competing Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Plantations written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Timing and Duration of Release Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Timing and Duration of Release Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ponderosa Pine Seedlings and Competing Vegetation by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Ponderosa Pine Seedlings and Competing Vegetation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foresters often need information on the cost effectiveness of manual and chemical release treatments for individual and combined species in young mixed-shrub communities. A study in northern Califomia evaluated five manual and chemical treatments and their effect on several shrubs and grasses. Treatments were grubbing at age 1 to 2- and 4 ft (0.6- and 1.2-m) radii, regrubbing and expanding the 2-ft radii to 4 ft, regrubbing and expanding the 4-ft radii to 6 A (1.8 m) at age 4, and applying Velpar herbicide to the entire plot at age 2. Five years after initial manual release and 4 years after chemical release, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) stem caliper at 12 in. (30 cm) above mean ground line differed significantly between Velpar and the untreated control, 2-ft radius, 4-ft radius, and 2-ft radius expanded to 4 ft. Expanding the radius from 4 to 6 feet provided a pine stem caliper that differed significantly from that in the control, and the 2-ft and 4-ft radii treatments. Additional analyses with ponderosa pine seedling height also indicated significant differences among treatmenu that were generally similar to those above. Differences among the six treatments, which are presented in 15 comparisons of stem caliper and treatment production rates, provide forest managers with growth and cost comparisons, and should aid them in selecting the release treatment best suited to their particular situation.
Book Synopsis Vegetation Trends in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation Treated by Manual Release and Mulching by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Vegetation Trends in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation Treated by Manual Release and Mulching written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation by : Gary Fiddler
Download or read book Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Gary Fiddler and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of a Mixed Shrub-ponderosa Pine Community in a Natural and Treated Condition by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Development of a Mixed Shrub-ponderosa Pine Community in a Natural and Treated Condition written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanical and Chemical Release in a 12-year-old Ponderosa Pine Plantation by : Gary Fiddler
Download or read book Mechanical and Chemical Release in a 12-year-old Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Gary Fiddler and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation by : Gary Fiddler
Download or read book Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young Ponderosa Pine Plantation written by Gary Fiddler and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanical and Chemical Release Applied to a 16-year-old Pine Plantation by : Gary Fiddler
Download or read book Mechanical and Chemical Release Applied to a 16-year-old Pine Plantation written by Gary Fiddler and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Ponderosa Pine Reforestation Techniques in Central Arizona by : L. J. Heidmann
Download or read book Evaluation of Ponderosa Pine Reforestation Techniques in Central Arizona written by L. J. Heidmann and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Competing Vegetation on Forest Trees by : Ronald E. Stewart
Download or read book Effects of Competing Vegetation on Forest Trees written by Ronald E. Stewart and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Cattle Grazing, Seeded Grass, and an Herbicide on Ponderosa Pine Seedling Survival and Growth by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Effect of Cattle Grazing, Seeded Grass, and an Herbicide on Ponderosa Pine Seedling Survival and Growth written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Twenty-Five Years of Managing Vegetation in Confier Plantations in Northern and Central California by : McDonald
Download or read book Twenty-Five Years of Managing Vegetation in Confier Plantations in Northern and Central California written by McDonald and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-14 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inadequate reforestation and poor conifer seedling survival and growth led to a national research and application program on vegetation management in young conifer plantations. Findings from the California part of this program, and more specifically on plantation release, are presented here. Results are from 32 study sites throughout northern and central California and reported in more than 60 publications over a 25-year timeframe. The study sites represent a wide variety of site qualities, soils, slopes, aspects, and vegetation types. Most of the planted conifer seedlings were ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco var. menziesii).
Book Synopsis The Application of Unit Area Control in the Management of Ponderosa-Jeffrey Pine at Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest by : William Erick Hallin
Download or read book The Application of Unit Area Control in the Management of Ponderosa-Jeffrey Pine at Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest written by William Erick Hallin and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young California Red Fir Plantation by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Treatment Duration and Time Since Disturbance Affect Vegetation Development in a Young California Red Fir Plantation written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Vegetation Trends in a Young Conifer Plantation After Grazing, Grubbing, and Chemical Release by : Philip M. McDonald
Download or read book Vegetation Trends in a Young Conifer Plantation After Grazing, Grubbing, and Chemical Release written by Philip M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
