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Comparison Of Tree Canopy Cover Derived From Lidar And Optical Imagery
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Book Synopsis Comparison of Tree Canopy Cover Derived from Lidar and Optical Imagery by :
Download or read book Comparison of Tree Canopy Cover Derived from Lidar and Optical Imagery written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land managers requiring spatial tree canopy cover data must consider data quality and specific information needs when selecting an appropriate data source. Given the increased availability of low density lidar datasets and the recent release of the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2011 Tree Canopy Cover (TCC) product, land managers are faced with additional candidate data sources for obtaining spatially explicit estimates of tree canopy cover. To inform the use of various remote sensing methods and data products available to land managers, the Remote Sensing Steering Committee sponsored a project comparing canopy cover estimates derived from three different remote sensing technologies: lidar, moderate-resolution satellite imagery, and high-resolution aerial imagery. Canopy cover estimates were compared and evaluated in order to clarify their appropriate use at different spatial and temporal scales. The TCC data and tree canopy cover data derived from lidar were compared and evaluated in terms of their agreement with sample-based estimates obtained from photo-interpretation of high-resolution ortho-imagery. Canopy cover estimates from a southern pine forest were compared at plot and landscape scales. At both scales, mean canopy cover derived from lidar was not significantly different from the photo-interpreted sample estimates, while TCC values were higher. Canopy cover values from lidar agreed more strongly with the photo-interpreted canopy cover estimates (RMSE = 11.01 percent) than did TCC data (RMSE = 18.13 percent). Temporal and seasonal agreement and scale of measurement should be considered in the interpretation of these results. Recommendations and considerations for choosing appropriate canopy cover data products for a variety of management needs are presented and discussed. A supplemental evaluation of the effects of lidar point density on first order canopy structure metrics was conducted and is reported in the appendix of this report. Experimentally thinning a high-density lidar data set and comparing the derived forest structure metrics at the scale of 30 meters showed that point densities as low as 1.5 points per square meter yielded first order canopy structure estimates similar to those obtained from the high point density reference.
Book Synopsis Comparing Derivatives from Lidar and Image-derived Point Clouds by :
Download or read book Comparing Derivatives from Lidar and Image-derived Point Clouds written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate three-dimensional (3-D) geospatial data can provide valuable information on forest canopy structure, tree height, and topography. Often this 3-D data is gathered via lidar, but due to the cost of lidar it is rarely acquired for monitoring purposes, but rather as a one-time collect. While image matching techniques have been around for a number of years, advances in computer technology made execution of image matching algorithms practical. Stereo imagery, such as Forest Service resource photography, is less expensive than lidar, is acquired more frequently, and has a longer history in the agency, thus making it a potential tool for monitoring forest canopy structure and not just forest cover. To assess the value of image-derived point clouds we compared them with corresponding lidar point clouds to determine if they are a suitable replacement when lidar isnt available or is too expensive to collect a second time. To accomplish this, we derived and compared three productscanopy height, canopy cover and a digital elevation model (DEM)from both point cloud datasets for an area located on the Coconino National Forest and calculated error between the image-derived and lidar-derived layers. RMSE values ranged from 7.87 to 8.58 m for canopy height and 8.44 to 9.21 m for the DEM. The RMSE for the canopy cover metric was 22.82 percent. The acquisition and metadata characteristics (e.g., image overlap, ground control, absence of full aero-triangulation and lack of a neat model) of the aerial imagery used for this project were insufficient to allow the derivation of accurate 3-D point clouds. Future work can build upon this effort by performing similar comparisons with aerial imagery that has been acquired with image specifications better suited to generating point clouds, such as increased overlap and sidelap (i.e., 80 percent and 60 percent, respectively), more ground control points, and the inclusion of a neat model.
Book Synopsis Using LiDAR and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index to Remotely Determine LAI and Percent Canopy Cover at Varying Scales by : Alicia Marie Rutledge Griffin
Download or read book Using LiDAR and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index to Remotely Determine LAI and Percent Canopy Cover at Varying Scales written by Alicia Marie Rutledge Griffin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) as a direct method to evaluate forest canopy parameters is vital in addressing both forest management and ecological concerns. The overall goal of this study was to develop the use of airborne LiDAR in evaluating canopy parameters such as percent canopy cover (PCC) and leaf area index (LAI) for mixed pine and hardwood forests (primarily loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, forests) of the southeastern United States. More specific objectives were to: (1) Develop scanning LiDAR and multispectral imagery methods to estimate PCC and LAI over both hardwood and coniferous forests; (2) investigate whether a LiDAR and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data fusion through linear regression improve estimates of these forest canopy characteristics; (3) generate maps of PCC and LAI for the study region, and (4) compare local scale LiDAR-derived PCC and regional scale MODIS-based PCC and investigate the relationship. Scanning LiDAR data was used to derive local scale PCC estimates, and TreeVaW, a LiDAR software application, was used to locate individual trees to derive an estimate of plot-level PCC. A canopy height model (CHM) was created from the LiDAR dataset and used to determine tree heights per plot. QuickBird multispectral imagery was used to calculate the NDVI for the study area. LiDAR- and NDVI-derived estimates of plot-level PCC and LAI were compared to field observations for 53 plots over 47 square kilometers. Linear regression analysis resulted in models explaining 84% and 78% of the variability associated with PCC and LAI, respectively. For these models to be of use in future studies, LiDAR point density must be 2.5 m. The relationship between regional scale PCC and local scale PCC was investigated by resizing the local scale LiDAR-derived PCC map to lower resolution levels, then determining a regression model relating MODIS data to the local values of PCC. The results from this comparison showed that MODIS PCC data is not very accurate at local scales. The methods discussed in this paper show great potential for improving the speed and accuracy of ecological studies and forest management.
Book Synopsis National Forest Inventories by : Erkki Tomppo
Download or read book National Forest Inventories written by Erkki Tomppo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest inventories throughout the world have evolved gradually over time. The content as well as the concepts and de?nitions employed are constantly adapted to the users’ needs. Advanced inventory systems have been established in many countries within Europe, as well as outside Europe, as a result of development work spanning several decades, in some cases more than 100 years. With continuously increasing international agreements and commitments, the need for information has also grown drastically, and reporting requests have become more frequent and the content of the reports wider. Some of the agreements made at the international level have direct impacts on national economies and international decisions, e. g. , the Kyoto Protocol. Thus it is of utmost importance that the forest information supplied is collected and analysed using sound scienti?c principles and that the information from different countries is comparable. European National Forest Inventory (NFI) teams gathered in Vienna in 2003 to discuss the new challenges and the measures needed to get data users to take full advantage of existing NFIs. As a result, the European National Forest Inventory Network (ENFIN), a network of NFIs, was established. The ENFIN members decided to apply for funding for meetings and collaborative activities. COST– European Cooperation in Science and Technology - provided the necessary ?n- cial means for the realization of the program.
Book Synopsis Quantifying Forest Structure Parameters and Their Changes from LiDAR Data and Satellite Imagery in the Sierra Nevada by : Qin Ma
Download or read book Quantifying Forest Structure Parameters and Their Changes from LiDAR Data and Satellite Imagery in the Sierra Nevada written by Qin Ma and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sierra Nevada forests have provided many economic benefits and ecological services to people in California, and the rest of the world. Dramatic changes are occurring in the forests due to climate warming and long-term fire suppression. Accurate mapping and monitoring are increasingly important to understand and manage the forests. Light Detection and Range (LiDAR), an active remote sensing technique, can penetrate the canopy and provide three-dimensional estimates of forest structures. LiDAR-based forest structural estimation has been demonstrated to be more efficient than field measurements and more accurate than those from passive remote sensing, like satellite imagery. Research in this dissertation aims at mapping and monitoring structural changes in Sierra Nevada forests by taking the advantages of LiDAR. We first evaluated LiDAR and fine resolution imagery-derived canopy cover estimates using different algorithms and data acquisition parameters. We suggested that LiDAR data obtained at 1 point/m2 with a scan angle smaller than 12°were sufficient for accurate canopy cover estimation in the Sierra Nevada mix-conifer forests. Fine resolution imagery is suitable for canopy cover estimation in forests with median density but may over or underestimate canopy cover in extremely coarse or dense forests. Then, a new LiDAR-based strategy was proposed to quantify tree growth and competition at individual tree and forest stand levels. Using this strategy, we illustrated how tree growth in two Sierra Nevada forests responded to tree competition, original tree sizes, forest density, and topography conditions; and identified that the tree volume growth was determined by the original tree sizes and competitions, but tree height and crown area growth were mostly influenced by water and space availability. Then, we calculated the forest biomass disturbance in a Sierra Nevada forest induced by fuel treatments using bi-temporal LiDAR data and field measurements. Using these results as references, we found that Landsat imagery-derived vegetation indices were suitable for quantifying canopy cover changes and biomass disturbances in forests with median density. Large uncertainties existed in applying the vegetation indices to quantify disturbance in extremely dense forests or forests only disturbed in the understory. Last, we assessed vegetation losses caused by the American Fire in 2013 using a new LiDAR point based method. This method was able to quantify fire-induced forest structure changes in basal area and leaf area index with lower uncertainties, compared with traditional LiDAR metrics and satellite imagery-derived vegetation indices. The studies presented in this dissertation can provide guidance for forest management in the Sierra Nevada, and potentially serve as useful tools for forest structural change monitoring in the rest of the world.
Book Synopsis Identification of Tree Species on Large-scale Panchromatic and Color Aerial Photographs by : Robert Chester Heller
Download or read book Identification of Tree Species on Large-scale Panchromatic and Color Aerial Photographs written by Robert Chester Heller and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Urban Forestry by : Francesco Ferrini
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Urban Forestry written by Francesco Ferrini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 1031 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than half the world's population now lives in cities. Creating sustainable, healthy and aesthetic urban environments is therefore a major policy goal and research agenda. This comprehensive handbook provides a global overview of the state of the art and science of urban forestry. It describes the multiple roles and benefits of urban green areas in general and the specific role of trees, including for issues such as air quality, human well-being and stormwater management. It reviews the various stresses experienced by trees in cities and tolerance mechanisms, as well as cultural techniques for either pre-conditioning or alleviating stress after planting. It sets out sound planning, design, species selection, establishment and management of urban trees. It shows that close interactions with the local urban communities who benefit from trees are key to success. By drawing upon international state-of-art knowledge on arboriculture and urban forestry, the book provides a definitive overview of the field and is an essential reference text for students, researchers and practitioners.
Book Synopsis Topographic Laser Ranging and Scanning by : Jie Shan
Download or read book Topographic Laser Ranging and Scanning written by Jie Shan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic, in-depth introduction to theories and principles of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology is long overdue, as it is the most important geospatial data acquisition technology to be introduced in recent years. An advanced discussion, this text fills the void. Professionals in fields ranging from geology, geography and geoinformatics to physics, transportation, and law enforcement will benefit from this comprehensive discussion of topographic LiDAR principles, systems, data acquisition, and data processing techniques. The book covers ranging and scanning fundamentals, and broad, contemporary analysis of airborne LiDAR systems, as well as those situated on land and in space. The authors present data collection at the signal level in terms of waveforms and their properties; at the system level with regard to calibration and georeferencing; and at the data level to discuss error budget, quality control, and data organization. They devote the bulk of the book to LiDAR data processing and information extraction and elaborate on recent developments in building extraction and reconstruction, highlighting quality and performance evaluations. There is also extensive discussion of the state-of-the-art technological developments used in: filtering algorithms for digital terrain model generation; strip adjustment of data for registration; co-registration of LiDAR data with imagery; forestry inventory; and surveying. Readers get insight into why LiDAR is the effective tool of choice to collect massive volumes of explicit 3-D data with unprecedented accuracy and simplicity. Compiled by leading experts talking about much of their own pioneering work, this book will give researchers, professionals, and senior students novel ideas to supplement their own experience and practices.
Book Synopsis Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest by : F. Stuart Chapin
Download or read book Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest written by F. Stuart Chapin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-12 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Boreal forest is the northern-most forest in the world, whose organisms and dynamics are shaped by low temperature and high latitude. The Alaskan Boreal forest is warming as rapidly as any place on earth, providing an opportunity to examine a biome as it adjusts to change. This book looks at this issue.
Download or read book Forest Inventory written by Annika Kangas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-19 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been developed as a forest inventory textbook for students and could also serve as a handbook for practical foresters. We have set out to keep the mathematics in the book at a fairly non-technical level, and therefore, although we deal with many issues that include highly sophisticated methodology, we try to present first and foremost the ideas behind them. For foresters who need more details, references are given to more advanced scientific papers and books in the fields of statistics and biometrics. Forest inventory books deal mostly with sampling and measurement issues, as found here in section I, but since forest inventories in many countries involve much more than this, we have also included material on forestry applications. Most applications nowadays involve remote sensing technology of some sort, so that section II deals mostly with the use of remote sensing material for this purpose. Section III deals with national inventories carried out in different parts of world, and section IV is an attempt to outline some future possibilities of forest inventory methodologies. The editors, Annika Kangas Professor of Forest Mensuration and Management, Department of Forest Resource Management, University of Helsinki. Matti Maltamo Professor of Forest Mensuration, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing Technology Applications in Forestry and REDD+ by : Kim Calders
Download or read book Remote Sensing Technology Applications in Forestry and REDD+ written by Kim Calders and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in close-range and remote sensing technologies are driving innovations in forest resource assessments and monitoring on varying scales. Data acquired with airborne and spaceborne platforms provide high(er) spatial resolution, more frequent coverage, and more spectral information. Recent developments in ground-based sensors have advanced 3D measurements, low-cost permanent systems, and community-based monitoring of forests. The UNFCCC REDD+ mechanism has advanced the remote sensing community and the development of forest geospatial products that can be used by countries for the international reporting and national forest monitoring. However, an urgent need remains to better understand the options and limitations of remote and close-range sensing techniques in the field of forest degradation and forest change. Therefore, we invite scientists working on remote sensing technologies, close-range sensing, and field data to contribute to this Special Issue. Topics of interest include: (1) novel remote sensing applications that can meet the needs of forest resource information and REDD+ MRV, (2) case studies of applying remote sensing data for REDD+ MRV, (3) timeseries algorithms and methodologies for forest resource assessment on different spatial scales varying from the tree to the national level, and (4) novel close-range sensing applications that can support sustainable forestry and REDD+ MRV. We particularly welcome submissions on data fusion.
Book Synopsis Deep Learning Pipeline by : Hisham El-Amir
Download or read book Deep Learning Pipeline written by Hisham El-Amir and published by Apress. This book was released on 2019-12-20 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Build your own pipeline based on modern TensorFlow approaches rather than outdated engineering concepts. This book shows you how to build a deep learning pipeline for real-life TensorFlow projects. You'll learn what a pipeline is and how it works so you can build a full application easily and rapidly. Then troubleshoot and overcome basic Tensorflow obstacles to easily create functional apps and deploy well-trained models. Step-by-step and example-oriented instructions help you understand each step of the deep learning pipeline while you apply the most straightforward and effective tools to demonstrative problems and datasets. You'll also develop a deep learning project by preparing data, choosing the model that fits that data, and debugging your model to get the best fit to data all using Tensorflow techniques. Enhance your skills by accessing some of the most powerful recent trends in data science. If you've ever considered building your own image or text-tagging solution or entering a Kaggle contest, Deep Learning Pipeline is for you! What You'll LearnDevelop a deep learning project using dataStudy and apply various models to your dataDebug and troubleshoot the proper model suited for your data Who This Book Is For Developers, analysts, and data scientists looking to add to or enhance their existing skills by accessing some of the most powerful recent trends in data science. Prior experience in Python or other TensorFlow related languages and mathematics would be helpful.
Book Synopsis Individual Tree Crown Delineation Using Multispectral LiDAR Data by : Faizaan Naveed
Download or read book Individual Tree Crown Delineation Using Multispectral LiDAR Data written by Faizaan Naveed and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, multispectral Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data were utilized to improve delineation of individual tree crowns (ITC) as an important step in individual tree analysis. A framework to integrate spectral and height information for ITC delineation was proposed, and the multi-scale algorithm for treetop detection developed in one of our previous studies was improved. In addition, an advanced region-based segmentation method that used detected treetops as seeds was proposed for segmentation of individual crowns based on their spectral, contextual, and height information.
Book Synopsis Using NAIP Imagery to Estimate Tree Canopy Cover by : Abigail Schaaf
Download or read book Using NAIP Imagery to Estimate Tree Canopy Cover written by Abigail Schaaf and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper highlights the likelihood of overestimating canopy cover using any airborne imagerywith particular focus on National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery. This study compared canopy-cover estimates from NAIP imagery and resource photography acquired during the same year. Four sites were selected based on a visual evaluation of apparent canopy-cover differences between the two types of imagery and used to estimate tree canopy cover. The estimates of canopy cover samples from NAIP imagery were about 45 percent higher than those collected from resource photography. Because NAIP is the only high-resolution digital imagery available over the contiguous U.S. (and is streamed via Image Server to all Forest Service personnel), it is an important resource for forest mapping, planning, and monitoring. However, it does have limitations, specifically estimating canopy cover. The results from this investigation need to be considered before deciding to use NAIP imagery to determine tree canopy cover."
Book Synopsis Comparison Between High-resolution Aerial Imagery and LiDAR Data Classification of Canopy and Grass in the NESCO Neighborhood, Indianapolis, Indiana by : Nan Ye
Download or read book Comparison Between High-resolution Aerial Imagery and LiDAR Data Classification of Canopy and Grass in the NESCO Neighborhood, Indianapolis, Indiana written by Nan Ye and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban forestry is a very important element of urban structures that can improve the environment and life quality within the urban areas. Having an accurate classification of urban forests and grass areas would help improve focused urban tree planting and urban heat wave mitigation effects. This research project will compare the use of high - resolution aerial imagery and LiDAR data when used to classify canopy and grass areas. The high - resolution image, with 1 - meter resolution, was caputred by The National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) on 6/6/2012. Its coordinate system is the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The LiDAR data, with 1.0 - meter average post spacing, was captured by Indiana Statewide Imagery and LiDAR Program from 03/13/2011 to 04/30/2012. The study area is called the Near East Side Community Organization (NESCO) neighborhood. It is located on the east side of downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. Its boundaries are: 65 interstate, East Massachusetts Avenue, East 21st Street, North Emerson Avenue, and the rail road tracks on the south of the East Washington Street. This research will also perform the accuracy assessment based on the results of classifications using high - resolution aerial imagery and LiDAR data in order to determine and explain which method is more accurate to classify urban canopy and grass areas.
Book Synopsis Comparison of Forest Canopy Height Derived Using Lidar Data and Aerial Photos by : Jihn-Fa Jan
Download or read book Comparison of Forest Canopy Height Derived Using Lidar Data and Aerial Photos written by Jihn-Fa Jan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Use of LiDAR in Multi-scale Forestry Applications by :
Download or read book The Use of LiDAR in Multi-scale Forestry Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest ecosystems are a significant faction of the Earth's landscape, and accurate estimates of forest structures are important for understanding and predicting how forest ecosystems respond to climate change and human activities. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology, an active remote sensing technology, can penetrate the forest canopy and greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of mapping forest structures, compared to traditional passive optical remote sensing and radar technologies. However, currently, LiDAR has two major weaknesses, the lack of spectral information and the limited spatial coverage. These weaknesses have limited its accuracy in certain forestry applications (e.g., vegetation mapping) and its application in large-scale forest structure mapping. The aim of research described in this dissertation is to develop data fusion algorithms to address these limitations. In this dissertation, the effectiveness of LiDAR in estimating forest structures and therefore monitoring forest dynamics is first compared with aerial imagery by detecting forest fuel treatment activities at the local scale. Then, a vegetation mapping algorithm is developed based on the fusion of LiDAR data and aerial imagery. This algorithm can automatically determine the optimized number of vegetation units in a forest and take both the vegetation species and vegetation structure characteristics into account in classifying the vegetation types. To extend the use of LiDAR in mapping forest structures in areas without LiDAR coverage, a data fusion algorithm is proposed to map fine-resolution tree height from airborne LiDAR, spaceborne LiDAR, optical imagery and radar data in regional scale. Finally, this dissertation further investigates the methodology to integrate spaceborne LiDAR, optical imagery, radar data and climate surfaces for the purpose of mapping national- to global-scale forest aboveground biomass. The proposed data fusion algorithms and the generated regional to global forest structure parameters will have important applications in ecological and hydrologic studies and forest management.
