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Comparison Of Hydrocarbon Gene
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Book Synopsis Insect Hydrocarbons by : Gary J. Blomquist
Download or read book Insect Hydrocarbons written by Gary J. Blomquist and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-04 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique and critical analysis of the wealth of research conducted on the biology, biochemistry and chemical ecology of the rapidly growing field of insect cuticular hydrocarbons. Authored by leading experts in their respective fields, the twenty chapters show the complexity that has been discovered in the nature and role of hydrocarbons in entomology. Covers, in great depth, aspects of chemistry (structures, qualitative and quantitative analysis), biochemistry (biosynthesis, molecular biology, genetics, evolution), physiology, taxonomy, and ecology. Clearly presents to the reader the array of data, ideas, insights and historical disagreements that have been accumulated during the past half century. An emphasis is placed on the role of insect hydrocarbons in chemical communication, especially among the social insects. Includes the first review on the chemical synthesis of insect hydrocarbons. The material presented is a major resource for current researchers and a source of ideas for new researchers.
Book Synopsis Functional Genes and Gene Array Analysis as Tools for Monitoring Hydrocarbon Biodegradation by : Mari Nyyssönen
Download or read book Functional Genes and Gene Array Analysis as Tools for Monitoring Hydrocarbon Biodegradation written by Mari Nyyssönen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioremediation, which is the exploitation of the intrinsic ability of environmental microbes to degrade and remove harmful compounds from nature, is considered to be an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective means for environmental clean-up. However, the successful implementation of bioremediation is dependent on several factors, such as the characteristics and the amount of the pollutant, environmental conditions and the degradation capacity and activity of the microbial communities. As a result, a comprehensive understanding of the biodegradation potential of the microbial communities and their response to decontamination measures is required for the effective management of bioremediation processes. In this thesis, the potential to use functional genes encoding hydrocarbondegradative enzymes as indicators of aerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation was investigated. Small-scale, functional gene macro- and microarrays targeting aliphatic, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biodegradation were developed in order to monitor the biodegradation of mixtures of hydrocarbons. Several genes from each biodegradation pathway were attached to the arrays in order to allow the detection of biodegradation pathways. The validity of the array analysis in monitoring hydrocarbon biodegradation was evaluated in microcosm studies and field-scale bioremediation processes by comparing the hybridization signal intensities to hydrocarbon mineralization, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), dot blot hybridization and both chemical and microbiological monitoring data. The amount of functional genes, quantified by real-time PCR and dot blot hybridization was in good agreement with hydrocarbon biodegradation. In a PAH-contaminated soil slurry microcosm, the quantification of naphthalene dioxygenase gene copies enabled monitoring of the growth of intrinsic or inoculated naphthalene-degrading bacteria during naphthalene biodegradation. As a result, better understanding of the differences in mineralization efficiencies that were observed between treatments was obtained. The hybridization signals obtained from the functional gene array analysis were also in good agreement with the mineralization of specific hydrocarbons. Biodegradation of several hydrocarbons could be monitored simultaneously, as demonstrated by toluene and naphthalene biodegradation in a mixed bacterial culture. In the field-scale bioremediation processes, the combination of conventional physico-chemical and microbiological monitoring methods with the detection and enumeration of hydrocarbon-degradative genes provided important additional information for process optimization and design. In creosote-contaminated groundwater, the increased abundance of PAH-degradative genes detected by the functional gene microarray demonstrated that the aerobic PAH-biodegradation potential that was present at the site, but restrained under the oxygen-limited conditions, could be successfully stimulated with air sparging and nutrient infiltration. During ex situ bioremediation of diesel oil- and lubrication oilcontaminated soil, the changes in the abundance of alkane-biodegradative genes observed by functional gene array early in the process revealed inefficient hydrocarbon biodegradation, caused by poor aeration during composting. The array analysis specifically detected both upper and lower biodegradation pathway genes that are required for degradation of hydrocarbons. Genes involved in the degradation of different hydrocarbons were also discriminated. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria representing 1% of the microbial community could be detected without prior PCR amplification. Molecular biological monitoring methods based on functional genes provide powerful tools for increasing our understanding of the effects of remediation treatments on the contaminant-degrading microbial communities. As a result, more efficient remediation processes can be developed. With careful assay design, the analysis can be directed to relevant biodegradation functions rather than specific genotypes. The parallel detection of several functional genes by gene array analysis is an especially promising tool for monitoring the biodegradation of mixtures of hydrocarbons.
Book Synopsis Transformation and Translocation of the Human Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor, a Comparison of 3-methylcholanthrene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by : Mary A. Holowenko
Download or read book Transformation and Translocation of the Human Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor, a Comparison of 3-methylcholanthrene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin written by Mary A. Holowenko and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), upon binding ligand, dimerizes with the AH receptor nuclear translocator protein (ARNT) and induces transcriptional activation of many genes, including CYP1A1, by binding to specific dioxin responsive elements (DREs) upstream of the genes. Two classes of ligands, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), while displaying similar binding affinities, show large differences in potency for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction, a selective marker for CYP1A1 activity. The reason for this difference is not fully known. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) were compared for their ability to cause transformation and translocation of AHR, key steps in the mechanism of enzyme induction. Evidence is presented for a difference in translocation in LS180 cells. MC-treated cells show more rapid disappearance of nuclear AHR coupled with reappearance of new, functional cytosolic AHR. TCDD-treated cells also show a disappearance of nuclear AHR; however, no new cytosolic AHR protein is synthesized. Using an in vitro system, I found that cytosolic AHR transformed by MC showed a temperature-dependent loss of inducible signal when analyzed by gel retardation assay (GRA). This was not the case with TCDD. Western blot analyses of MC- and TCDD-treated cytosols, however, show no difference in total AHR and ARNT protein levels and indicate that both cytosols contain the AHR-ARNT complex, a form capable of interacting with DNA. These results show that the ability of the AHR complex to interact with DNA depends on ligand. This suggests that AHR-mediated gene expression is not as long-lived with MC as it is with TCDD as the ligand. Hence, the affinity of a ligand for its specific receptor does not necessarily determine its biological potency.
Book Synopsis WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality by :
Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by :
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Carcinogenic Effects Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by : Andreas Luch
Download or read book The Carcinogenic Effects Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Andreas Luch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-08-22 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview on the molecular mode of action of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are by-products arising from incomplete combustion of organic matter that are frequently released into our environment, and thus are ubiquitously detectable. Many PAHs are strong carcinogens in rodent bioassays and have been linked to increased incidences of various types of cancer in humans. The present book covers all aspects of PAH-induced carcinogenesis; it is a collection of articles written by some of the most recognizable PAH researchers, reviewing the present knowledge in this field. The topics include: exposure to and biomonitoring of PAHs in the human population; metabolic activation of PAHs; genotoxicity and repair of PAH-induced DNA damage; and factors modulating individual susceptibility to the deleterious effects of PAHs.
Author :IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Publisher :World Health Organization ISBN 13 : Total Pages :364 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (121 download)
Book Synopsis Bitumens and Bitumen Emissions, and Some N- and S-heterocyclic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Download or read book Bitumens and Bitumen Emissions, and Some N- and S-heterocyclic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2013 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of bitumens and their emissions, the N-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benz[a]acridine, benz[c]acridine, dibenz[a,h]acridine, dibenz[a,j]acridine, dibenz[c,h]acridine, carbazole and 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, as well as the S-hetrocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene and dibenzothiophene. Bitumens are produced by distillation of crude oil during petroleum refining, and also occur naturally. Bitumens can be divided into six broad classes, according to their physical properties and specifications required for different applications. The major use (about 80%) of bitumens is for road paving; other uses include roofing, waterproofing, sealing and painting. The term "bitumen" should not be confused with "asphalt", which refers to the mixture of bitumen (4-10% by weight), small stones, sand and filler used for road paving. Bitumens are complex mixtures that contain a large number of organic chemical compounds. Application of bitumens may generate emissions (fumes and vapours) that may contain, among volatile and non-volatile compounds, a number of known or probable carcinogens. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of various occupations that entail exposure to bitumens and bitumen emissions, including road paving, roofing, and application of mastic asphalt, and to various heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic compounds.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology by : Terry McGenity
Download or read book Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology written by Terry McGenity and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 4699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of microbial interactions with the major forms of hydrocarbons, oils, and lipids in or entering the biosphere. It is the definitive resource on the physiological mechanisms and adaptive strategies characteristic of the microbial lifestyle that plays out at hydrophobic material: aqueous liquid interfaces.
Book Synopsis Oil in the Sea III by : National Research Council
Download or read book Oil in the Sea III written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.
Book Synopsis The Carpathians and Their Foreland by : Jan Golonka
Download or read book The Carpathians and Their Foreland written by Jan Golonka and published by AAPG. This book was released on 2006-09-01 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM contains ... "the full paper [version] for all 30 chapters as .pdf files."--Page 4 of cover.
Book Synopsis The metabolic pathways and environmental controls of hydrocarbon biodegradation in marine ecosystems by : Joel E. Kostka
Download or read book The metabolic pathways and environmental controls of hydrocarbon biodegradation in marine ecosystems written by Joel E. Kostka and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodegradation mediated by indigenous microbial communities is the ultimate fate of the majority of oil hydrocarbon that enters the marine environment. The aim of this Research Topic is to highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the pathways and controls of microbially-catalyzed hydrocarbon degradation in marine ecosystems, with emphasis on the response of microbial communities to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. In this Research Topic, we encouraged original research and reviews on the ecology of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, the rates and mechanisms of biodegradation, and the bioremediation of discharged oil under situ as well as near in situ conditions.
Book Synopsis Bioremediation by : Ronald L. Crawford
Download or read book Bioremediation written by Ronald L. Crawford and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-08 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial and agricultural activity throughout this century has led to considerable contamination of soil and groundwater resources by hazardous chemicals. The technique of bioremediation uses living organisms--usually bacteria and fungi--to remove pollutants from soil and water with minimal disturbance to these environments. This approach, which is potentially more cost-effective than traditional techniques such as incineration of soils and carbon filtration of water, requires an understanding of how organisms transform chemicals, how they survive in polluted environments, and how they can be used in the field. This book examines these issues for many of the most serious and common environmental contaminants, presenting the most recent position on the application of bioremediation to polluted soil and water.
Book Synopsis Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria by : Frans J. de Bruijn
Download or read book Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria written by Frans J. de Bruijn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 1472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.
Book Synopsis Taxonomy, Genomics and Ecophysiology of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Microbes by : Terry J. McGenity
Download or read book Taxonomy, Genomics and Ecophysiology of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Microbes written by Terry J. McGenity and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-11-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive, authoritative descriptions of the microbes involved in cleaning up oil spills and degrading climate-altering hydrocarbons such as methane, and has detailed discussions about the taxonomy, ecology, genomics, physiology and global significance of these hydrocarbon-degrading microbes.
Author :Paul R. Ortiz de Montellano Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :0387274472 Total Pages :702 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (872 download)
Book Synopsis Cytochrome P450 by : Paul R. Ortiz de Montellano
Download or read book Cytochrome P450 written by Paul R. Ortiz de Montellano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-05 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytochrome P450: Structure, Mechanism, and Biochemistry, third edition is a revision of a review that summarizes the current state of research in the field of drug metabolism. The emphasis is on structure, mechanism, biochemistry, and regulation. Coverage is interdisciplinary, ranging from bioinorganic chemistry of cytochrome P450 to its relevance in human medicine. Each chapter provides an in-depth review of a given topic, but concentrates on advances of the last 10 years.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules by : Sangdun Choi
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules written by Sangdun Choi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 6330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this encyclopedia presents over 400 biologically important signaling molecules and the content is built on the core concepts of their functions along with early findings written by some of the world’s foremost experts. The molecules are described by recognized leaders in each molecule. The interactions of these single molecules in signal transduction networks will also be explored. This encyclopedia marks a new era in overview of current cellular signaling molecules for the specialist and the interested non-specialist alike. Currently, there are more than 30,000 genes in human genome. However, not all the proteins encoded by these genes work equally in order to maintain homeostasis. Understanding the important signaling molecules as completely as possible will significantly improve our research-based teaching and scientific capabilities.
