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Communities And Crime
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Book Synopsis Crime and Planning by : Ph.D., Derek J. Paulsen
Download or read book Crime and Planning written by Ph.D., Derek J. Paulsen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-07 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The form and layout of a built environment has a significant influence on crime by creating opportunities for it and, in turn, shaping community crime patterns. Effective urban planners and designers will consider crime when making planning and design decisions. A co-publication with the American Planning Association, Crime and Planning:
Book Synopsis Communities and Crime by : Pamela Wilcox
Download or read book Communities and Crime written by Pamela Wilcox and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[This book provides] an intellectual history that traces how varying images of community have evolved over time and influenced criminological thinking and criminal justice policy. The authors outline the major ideas that have shaped the development of theory, research, and policy in the area of communities and crime. Each chapter examines the problem of the community through a defining critical or theoretical lens: the community as social disorganization; as a system of associations; as a symptom of larger structural forces; as a result of criminal subcultures; as a broken window; as crime opportunity; and as a site of resilience. Focusing on these changing images of community, the empirical adequacy of these images, and how they have resulted in concrete programs to reduce crime, [this book] theorizes about and reflects upon why some neighborhoods produce so much crime. The result is a tour of the dominant theories of place in social science today."--
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309467136 Total Pages :409 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Proactive Policing by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Proactive Policing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.
Download or read book Policing Hate Crime written by Gail Mason and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a contemporary setting of increasing social division and marginalisation, Policing Hate Crime interrogates the complexities of prejudice motivated crime and effective policing practices. Hate crime has become a barometer for contemporary police relations with vulnerable and marginalised communities. But how do police effectively lead conversations with such communities about problems arising from prejudice? Contemporary police are expected to be active agents in the pursuit of social justice and human rights by stamping out prejudice and group-based animosity. At the same time, police have been criticised in over-policing targeted communities as potential perpetrators, as well as under-policing these same communities as victims of crime. Despite this history, the demand for impartial law enforcement requires police to change their engagement with targeted communities and kindle trust as priorities in strengthening their response to hate crime. Drawing upon a research partnership between police and academics, this book entwines current law enforcement responses with key debates on the meaning of hate crime to explore the potential for misunderstandings of hate crime between police and communities, and illuminates ways to overcome communication difficulties. This book will be important reading for students taking courses in hate crime, as well as victimology, policing, and crime and community.
Book Synopsis Crime and the Community by : Frank Tannenbaum
Download or read book Crime and the Community written by Frank Tannenbaum and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Explanation of Crime by : Per-Olof H. Wikström
Download or read book The Explanation of Crime written by Per-Olof H. Wikström and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integration of disciplines, theories and research orientations has assumed a central role in criminological discourse yet it remains difficult to identify any concrete discoveries or significant breakthroughs for which integration has been responsible. Concentrating on three key concepts: context, mechanisms, and development, this volume aims to advance integrated scientific knowledge on crime causation by bringing together different scholarly approaches. Through an analysis of the roles of behavioural contexts and individual differences in crime causation, The Explanation of Crime seeks to provide a unified and focused approach to the integration of knowledge. Chapter topics range from individual genetics to family environments and from ecological behaviour settings to the macro-level context of communities and social systems. This is a comprehensive treatment of the problem of crime causation that will appeal to graduate students and researchers in criminology and be of great interest to policy-makers and practitioners in crime policy and prevention.
Book Synopsis Crime and Conflict in English Communities, 1300–1348 by : Barbara Hanawalt
Download or read book Crime and Conflict in English Communities, 1300–1348 written by Barbara Hanawalt and published by . This book was released on 1979-10 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As this account of crime patterns in medieval England shows, crime can perhaps tell us more about a society's dynamics, tensions, and values than any other single social phenomenon. And Barbara Hanawalt's approach is particularly enlightening because it looks at the subject not from the heights of the era's learned opinion, but from the viewpoint of the people participating in the criminal dramas and manipulating the law for their own benefit. Hanawalt's sources are those of the new social historian—village and judicial records supplemented by the literature of the time. She examined approximately 20,000 criminal court cases as well as coroners' and manorial court rolls. Her analysis of these data produces striking results. Medieval England, the author reveals, was a society in which all classes readily sought violent solutions to conflicts. The tensions of village life were severe. The struggle for food and for profits caused numerous homicides and property crimes. These felonies were committed in seasonal patterns, with homicides occurring most frequently during the difficult times of planting and harvesting, and burglaries reaching a peak in winter when goods were stored in houses and barns. Moreover, organized crime was widespread and varied. It ranged from simple associations of local people to professional bands led by members of the nobility. One of Hanawalt's most interesting findings explodes the Robin Hood myth of robbers who stole from the rich and gave to the poor. Almost always, she shows, the robbers stole from the poor and kept for themselves. Throughout, Hanawalt carefully places the crimes and their participants within the context of village life in the later middle ages. Along with a description of the social and legal setting of criminal acts, she includes a discussion of the influence of war, politics, and economic, social, and demographic changes on the patterns of crime.
Book Synopsis Imprisoning Communities by : Todd R. Clear
Download or read book Imprisoning Communities written by Todd R. Clear and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-03 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume maintains that current incarceration policy in urban America does more harm than good, from increasing crime to widening racial disparities and diminished life chances for youths. The author argues that we cannot overcome the problem of mass incarceration concentrated in poor places without incorporating an idea of community justice into our failing correctional and criminal justice systems. He demonstrates that high doses of incarceration contribute to the very social problems it is intended to solve: it breaks up family and social networks; deprives siblings, spouses, and parents of emotional and financial support; and threatens the economic and political infrastructure of already struggling neighborhoods. Especially at risk are children who are more likely to commit a crime if a father or brother has been to prison. The author maintains that when incarceration occurs at high levels, crime rates will go up; having exactly the opposite of its intended effect: it destabilizes the community, thus further reducing public safety.
Book Synopsis Amoral Communities by : Mila Dragojević
Download or read book Amoral Communities written by Mila Dragojević and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Amoral Communities, Mila Dragojević examines how conditions conducive to atrocities against civilians are created during wartime in some communities. She identifies the exclusion of moderates and the production of borders as the main processes. In these places, political and ethnic identities become linked and targeted violence against civilians becomes both tolerated and justified by the respective authorities as a necessary sacrifice for a greater political goal. Dragojević augments the literature on genocide and civil wars by demonstrating how violence can be used as a political strategy, and how communities, as well as individuals, remember episodes of violence against civilians. The communities on which she focuses are Croatia in the 1990s and Uganda and Guatemala in the 1980s. In each case Dragojević considers how people who have lived peacefully as neighbors for many years are suddenly transformed into enemies, yet intracommunal violence is not ubiquitous throughout the conflict zone; rather, it is specific to particular regions or villages within those zones. Reporting on the varying wartime experiences of individuals, she adds depth, emotion, and objectivity to the historical and socioeconomic conditions that shaped each conflict. Furthermore, as Amoral Communities describes, the exclusion of moderates and the production of borders limit individuals' freedom to express their views, work to prevent the possible defection of members of an in-group, and facilitate identification of individuals who are purportedly a threat. Even before mass killings begin, Dragojević finds, these and similar changes will have transformed particular villages or regions into amoral communities, places where the definition of crime changes and violence is justified as a form of self-defense by perpetrators.
Book Synopsis Policing and Minority Communities by : James F. Albrecht
Download or read book Policing and Minority Communities written by James F. Albrecht and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-31 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This insightful book examines the allegations against the professionalism, transparency, and integrity of law enforcement toward minority groups, from a global perspective. It addresses the challenges inherent in maintaining strong ties with members of the community, and draws attention to obstacles in ensuring public confidence and trust in rule of law institutions. Most importantly, the book provides insight into mechanisms and proposals for policy reform that would permit enhanced police-community partnership, collaboration and mutual respect. Acknowledging the consistency of this concern despite geographic location, ethnic diversity, and religious tolerance, this book considers controversial factors that have caused many groups and individuals to question their relationship with law enforcement. The book examines the context of police-community relations with contributed research from Nigeria, South Africa, Kosovo, Turkey, New Zealand, Mexico, Scandinavia and other North American and European viewpoints. It evaluates the roles that critical factors such as ethnicity, political instability, conflict, colonization, mental health, police practice, religion, critical criminology, socialism, and many other important aspects and concepts have played on perceptions of policing and rule of law. A valuable resource for law enforcement practitioners and researchers, policy makers, and students of criminal justice, Policing and Minority Communities: Contemporary Issues and Global Perspectives confronts crucial challenges and controversies in policing today with quantitative and qualitative research and practical policy recommendations.
Book Synopsis Crime Prevention and Community Safety by : Gordon Hughes
Download or read book Crime Prevention and Community Safety written by Gordon Hughes and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2002-03-28 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an essential introduction to the complex issues and debates in the field of crime control and the new politics of safety and security across the globe. The contributions to this volume present a critique of current policy and open up the field of study to new directions.
Book Synopsis Handbook of LGBT Communities, Crime, and Justice by : Dana Peterson
Download or read book Handbook of LGBT Communities, Crime, and Justice written by Dana Peterson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary scholars have begun to explore non-normative sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression in a growing victimization literature, but very little research is focused on LGBTQ communities’ patterns of offending (beyond sex work) and their experiences with police, the courts, and correctional institutions. This Handbook, the first of its kind in Criminology and Criminal Justice, will break new ground by presenting a thorough treatment of all of these under-explored issues in one interdisciplinary volume that features current empirical work.
Book Synopsis Sense and Nonsense About Crime, Drugs, and Communities by : Samuel Walker
Download or read book Sense and Nonsense About Crime, Drugs, and Communities written by Samuel Walker and published by Cengage Learning. This book was released on 2014-06-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Samuel Walker's SENSE AND NONSENSE ABOUT CRIME, DRUGS, AND COMMUNITIES was one of the first books to challenge common misconceptions about crime, and the new Eighth Edition remains uniquely effective at doing so. Described as a masterful critique of American policies on everything from crime control, to guns, to drugs, this incisive text cuts through popular myths and political rhetoric to confront both conservative and liberal propositions in the context of current research and proven practice. The result is a lucid, research-based work that stimulates critical thinking and enlivens class discussions. This engaging text captures the full complexity of the administration of justice while providing students with a clear sense of its key principles and general patterns. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version.
Download or read book Ghettoside written by Jill Leovy and published by One World/Ballantine. This book was released on 2015 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Discusses the hundreds of murders that occur in Los Angeles each year, and focuses on the story of the dedicated group of detectives who pursued justice at any cost in the killing of Bryant Tennelle"--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Neighborhoods & Crime by : Robert J. Bursik
Download or read book Neighborhoods & Crime written by Robert J. Bursik and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 1999-12-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an excellent resource in examining the influence that community control can have on crime.
Book Synopsis Divergent Social Worlds by : Ruth D. Peterson
Download or read book Divergent Social Worlds written by Ruth D. Peterson and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2010-07-07 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than half a century after the first Jim Crow laws were dismantled, the majority of urban neighborhoods in the United States remain segregated by race. The degree of social and economic advantage or disadvantage that each community experiences—particularly its crime rate—is most often a reflection of which group is in the majority. As Ruth Peterson and Lauren Krivo note in Divergent Social Worlds, “Race, place, and crime are still inextricably linked in the minds of the public.” This book broadens the scope of single-city, black/white studies by using national data to compare local crime patterns in five racially distinct types of neighborhoods. Peterson and Krivo meticulously demonstrate how residential segregation creates and maintains inequality in neighborhood crime rates. Based on the authors’ groundbreaking National Neighborhood Crime Study (NNCS), Divergent Social Worlds provides a more complete picture of the social conditions underlying neighborhood crime patterns than has ever before been drawn. The study includes economic, social, and local investment data for nearly nine thousand neighborhoods in eighty-seven cities, and the findings reveal a pattern across neighborhoods of racialized separation among unequal groups. Residential segregation reproduces existing privilege or disadvantage in neighborhoods—such as adequate or inadequate schools, political representation, and local business—increasing the potential for crime and instability in impoverished non-white areas yet providing few opportunities for residents to improve conditions or leave. And the numbers bear this out. Among urban residents, more than two-thirds of all whites, half of all African Americans, and one-third of Latinos live in segregated local neighborhoods. More than 90 percent of white neighborhoods have low poverty, but this is only true for one quarter of black, Latino, and minority areas. Of the five types of neighborhoods studied, African American communities experience violent crime on average at a rate five times that of their white counterparts, with violence rates for Latino, minority, and integrated neighborhoods falling between the two extremes. Divergent Social Worlds lays to rest the popular misconception that persistently high crime rates in impoverished, non-white neighborhoods are merely the result of individual pathologies or, worse, inherent group criminality. Yet Peterson and Krivo also show that the reality of crime inequality in urban neighborhoods is no less alarming. Separate, the book emphasizes, is inherently unequal. Divergent Social Worlds lays the groundwork for closing the gap—and for next steps among organizers, policymakers, and future researchers. A Volume in the American Sociological Association’s Rose Series in Sociology
Book Synopsis Sense and Nonsense about Crime and Drugs by : Samuel Walker
Download or read book Sense and Nonsense about Crime and Drugs written by Samuel Walker and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary, provocative, and practical, this new Third Edition of Sam Walkers widely used SENSE AND NONSENSE ABOUT CRIME AND DRUGS offers a pragmatic and sometimes unsettling look at the crime problem in America. Walker presents a wide spectrum of views concerning criminal justice in contemporary America and aids readers in cutting through myths and political rhetoric, and stimulates critical thinking..
