Common Rail System for GDI Engines

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447144686
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Common Rail System for GDI Engines by : Giovanni Fiengo

Download or read book Common Rail System for GDI Engines written by Giovanni Fiengo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-02 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progressive reductions in vehicle emission requirements have forced the automotive industry to invest in research and development of alternative control strategies. Continual control action exerted by a dedicated electronic control unit ensures that best performance in terms of pollutant emissions and power density is married with driveability and diagnostics. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine technology is a way to attain these goals. This brief describes the functioning of a GDI engine equipped with a common rail (CR) system, and the devices necessary to run test-bench experiments in detail. The text should prove instructive to researchers in engine control and students are recommended to this brief as their first approach to this technology. Later chapters of the brief relate an innovative strategy designed to assist with the engine management system; injection pressure regulation for fuel pressure stabilization in the CR fuel line is proposed and validated by experiment. The resulting control scheme is composed of a feedback integral action and a static model-based feed-forward action, the gains of which are scheduled as a function of fundamental plant parameters. The tuning of closed-loop performance is supported by an analysis of the phase-margin and the sensitivity function. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the control algorithm in regulating the mean-value rail pressure independently from engine working conditions (engine speed and time of injection) with limited design effort.

Common Rail Fuel Injection Technology in Diesel Engines

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119107237
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Common Rail Fuel Injection Technology in Diesel Engines by : Guangyao Ouyang

Download or read book Common Rail Fuel Injection Technology in Diesel Engines written by Guangyao Ouyang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wide-ranging and practical handbook that offers comprehensive treatment of high-pressure common rail technology for students and professionals In this volume, Dr. Ouyang and his colleagues answer the need for a comprehensive examination of high-pressure common rail systems for electronic fuel injection technology, a crucial element in the optimization of diesel engine efficiency and emissions. The text begins with an overview of common rail systems today, including a look back at their progress since the 1970s and an examination of recent advances in the field. It then provides a thorough grounding in the design and assembly of common rail systems with an emphasis on key aspects of their design and assembly as well as notable technological innovations. This includes discussion of advancements in dual pressure common rail systems and the increasingly influential role of Electronic Control Unit (ECU) technology in fuel injector systems. The authors conclude with a look towards the development of a new type of common rail system. Throughout the volume, concepts are illustrated using extensive research, experimental studies and simulations. Topics covered include: Comprehensive detailing of common rail system elements, elementary enough for newcomers and thorough enough to act as a useful reference for professionals Basic and simulation models of common rail systems, including extensive instruction on performing simulations and analyzing key performance parameters Examination of the design and testing of next-generation twin common rail systems, including applications for marine diesel engines Discussion of current trends in industry research as well as areas requiring further study Common Rail Fuel Injection Technology is the ideal handbook for students and professionals working in advanced automotive engineering, particularly researchers and engineers focused on the design of internal combustion engines and advanced fuel injection technology. Wide-ranging research and ample examples of practical applications will make this a valuable resource both in education and private industry.

Diesel Common Rail and Advanced Fuel Injection Systems

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Publisher : SAE International
ISBN 13 : 0768022002
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Diesel Common Rail and Advanced Fuel Injection Systems by : Philip J Dingle

Download or read book Diesel Common Rail and Advanced Fuel Injection Systems written by Philip J Dingle and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2005-09-12 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite being developed more than 100 years ago, the diesel engine has yet to achieve mass acceptance in the North American passenger car sector. In most other parts of the world, however, diesel engines have made considerable strides due in part to the common rail fuel injection system. Significant fuel economy, reduced exhaust emissions, invincible low-speed torque, and all-around good drivability are a few of the benefits associated with common rail technology, which are covered in-depth in Diesel Common Rail and Advanced Fuel Injection Systems.

Automotive Spark-Ignited Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008055279X
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Automotive Spark-Ignited Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines by : F. Zhao

Download or read book Automotive Spark-Ignited Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines written by F. Zhao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-02-08 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of fuel injection, spray atomization and vaporization, charge cooling, mixture preparation and the control of in-cylinder air motion are all being actively researched and this work is reviewed in detail and analyzed. The new technologies such as high-pressure, common-rail, gasoline injection systems and swirl-atomizing gasoline fuel injections are discussed in detail, as these technologies, along with computer control capabilities, have enabled the current new examination of an old objective; the direct-injection, stratified-charge (DISC), gasoline engine. The prior work on DISC engines that is relevant to current GDI engine development is also reviewed and discussed. The fuel economy and emission data for actual engine configurations have been obtained and assembled for all of the available GDI literature, and are reviewed and discussed in detail. The types of GDI engines are arranged in four classifications of decreasing complexity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each class are noted and explained. Emphasis is placed upon consensus trends and conclusions that are evident when taken as a whole; thus the GDI researcher is informed regarding the degree to which engine volumetric efficiency and compression ratio can be increased under optimized conditions, and as to the extent to which unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), NOx and particulate emissions can be minimized for specific combustion strategies. The critical area of GDI fuel injector deposits and the associated effect on spray geometry and engine performance degradation are reviewed, and important system guidelines for minimizing deposition rates and deposit effects are presented. The capabilities and limitations of emission control techniques and after treatment hardware are reviewed in depth, and a compilation and discussion of areas of consensus on attaining European, Japanese and North American emission standards presented. All known research, prototype and production GDI engines worldwide are reviewed as to performance, emissions and fuel economy advantages, and for areas requiring further development. The engine schematics, control diagrams and specifications are compiled, and the emission control strategies are illustrated and discussed. The influence of lean-NOx catalysts on the development of late-injection, stratified-charge GDI engines is reviewed, and the relative merits of lean-burn, homogeneous, direct-injection engines as an option requiring less control complexity are analyzed.

Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642338283
Total Pages : 739 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress by : SAE-China

Download or read book Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress written by SAE-China and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-26 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress are selected from nearly 2,000 papers submitted to the 34th FISITA World Automotive Congress, which is held by Society of Automotive Engineers of China (SAE-China ) and the International Federation of Automotive Engineering Societies (FISITA). This proceedings focus on solutions for sustainable mobility in all areas of passenger car, truck and bus transportation. Volume 6: Vehicle Electronics focuses on: •Engine/Chassis/Body Electronic Control •Electrical and Electronic System •Software and Hardware Development •Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) •Vehicle Sensor and Actuator •In-Vehicle Network •Multi-Media/Infotainment System Above all researchers, professional engineers and graduates in fields of automotive engineering, mechanical engineering and electronic engineering will benefit from this book. SAE-China is a national academic organization composed of enterprises and professionals who focus on research, design and education in the fields of automotive and related industries. FISITA is the umbrella organization for the national automotive societies in 37 countries around the world. It was founded in Paris in 1948 with the purpose of bringing engineers from around the world together in a spirit of cooperation to share ideas and advance the technological development of the automobile.

Emission Control and Fuel Economy

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Publisher : SAE International
ISBN 13 : 0768011213
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Emission Control and Fuel Economy by : John H Johnson

Download or read book Emission Control and Fuel Economy written by John H Johnson and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2005-06-27 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emission and fuel economy regulations and standards are compelling manufacturers to build ultra-low emission vehicles. As a result, engineers must develop spark-ignition engines with integrated emission control systems that use reformulated low-sulfur fuel. Emission Control and Fuel Economy for Port and Direct Injected SI Engines is a collection of SAE technical papers that covers the fundamentals of gasoline direct injection (DI) engine emissions and fuel economy, design variable effects on HC emissions, and advanced emission control technology and modeling approaches. All papers contained in this book were selected by an accomplished expert as the best in the field; reprinted in their entirety, they present a pathway to integrated emission control systems that meet 2004-2009 EPA standards for light-duty vehicles.

Automotive Innovation

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429877307
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Automotive Innovation by : Patrick Hossay

Download or read book Automotive Innovation written by Patrick Hossay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive Innovation: The Science and Engineering behind Cutting-Edge Automotive Technology provides a survey of innovative automotive technologies in the auto industry. Automobiles are rapidly changing, and this text explores these trends. IC engines, transmissions, and chassis are being improved, and there are advances in digital control, manufacturing, and materials. New vehicles demonstrate improved performance, safety and efficiency factors; electric vehicles represent a green energy alternative, while sensor technologies and computer processors redefine the nature of driving. The text explores these changes, the engineering and science behind them, and directions for the future.

Characteristics and Control of Low Temperature Combustion Engines

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319685082
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Characteristics and Control of Low Temperature Combustion Engines by : Rakesh Kumar Maurya

Download or read book Characteristics and Control of Low Temperature Combustion Engines written by Rakesh Kumar Maurya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with novel advanced engine combustion technologies having potential of high fuel conversion efficiency along with ultralow NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. It offers insight into advanced combustion modes for efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels. Fundamentals of various advanced low temperature combustion (LTC) systems such as HCCI, PCCI, PPC and RCCI engines and their fuel quality requirements are also discussed. Detailed performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of futuristic engine technologies such as PPC and RCCI employing conventional as well as alternative fuels are analyzed and discussed. Special emphasis is placed on soot particle number emission characterization, high load limiting constraints, and fuel effects on combustion characteristics in LTC engines. For closed loop combustion control of LTC engines, sensors, actuators and control strategies are also discussed. The book should prove useful to a broad audience, including graduate students, researchers, and professionals Offers novel technologies for improved and efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels; Deals with most advanced and futuristic engine combustion modes such as PPC and RCCI; Comprehensible presentation of the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of low temperature combustion (LTC) engines; Deals with closed loop combustion control of advanced LTC engines; State-of-the-art technology book that concisely summarizes the recent advancements in LTC technology. .

Direct Injection Systems

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Publisher : SAE International
ISBN 13 : 0768030498
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Direct Injection Systems by : Cornel C Stan

Download or read book Direct Injection Systems written by Cornel C Stan and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2002-11-05 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct Injection Systems: The Next Decade in Engine Technology explores potentials that have been recognized and successfully applied, including fuel direct injection, fully variable valve control, downsizing, operation within hybrid scenarios, and use of alternative fuels.

An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Common Rail Injection Parameters on Emissions and Performance in a High Speed Direct Injection Small Bore Diesel Engine

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Common Rail Injection Parameters on Emissions and Performance in a High Speed Direct Injection Small Bore Diesel Engine by : Paul J. Tennison

Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Common Rail Injection Parameters on Emissions and Performance in a High Speed Direct Injection Small Bore Diesel Engine written by Paul J. Tennison and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advances in Combustion Technology

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000726061
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Combustion Technology by : Debi Prasad Mishra

Download or read book Advances in Combustion Technology written by Debi Prasad Mishra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-10-24 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume on combustion technology covers recent developments and provides a broad perspective of the key challenges in this emerging field. Divided into two sections, the first one covers micro-combustion systems, hydrogen combustors, combustion systems for gas turbines and IC engines, coal combustors for power plants and gasifier systems. The second section focusses on combustion systems pertaining to aerospace including supersonic combustors, rocket engines and gel propellant combustion. Issues related to energy producing devices in power generation, process industries and aerospace vehicles and efficient and eco-friendly combustion technologies are also explained. Features: Provides comprehensive coverage of recent advances in combustion technology Explains definite concepts about the design and development in combustion systems Captures developments relevant for the aerospace area including gel propellant, aluminium-based propellants, gasification and gas turbines Aims to introduce the combustion system in different industries Expounds novel combustion systems with reference to pertinent renewable technologies This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in chemical, mechanical and aerospace engineering, energy and environmental engineering, and thermal engineering. This book is also aimed at practicing engineers and decision makers in industry and research labs, and petroleum utilization.

Advanced Direct Injection Combustion Engine Technologies and Development

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1845697456
Total Pages : 748 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Direct Injection Combustion Engine Technologies and Development by : H Zhao

Download or read book Advanced Direct Injection Combustion Engine Technologies and Development written by H Zhao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-12-18 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 2 of the two-volume set Advanced direct injection combustion engine technologies and development investigates diesel DI combustion engines, which despite their commercial success are facing ever more stringent emission legislation worldwide. Direct injection diesel engines are generally more efficient and cleaner than indirect injection engines and as fuel prices continue to rise DI engines are expected to gain in popularity for automotive applications. Two exclusive sections examine light-duty and heavy-duty diesel engines. Fuel injection systems and after treatment systems for DI diesel engines are discussed. The final section addresses exhaust emission control strategies, including combustion diagnostics and modelling, drawing on reputable diesel combustion system research and development. Investigates how HSDI and DI engines can meet ever more stringent emission legislation Examines technologies for both light-duty and heavy-duty diesel engines Discusses exhaust emission control strategies, combustion diagnostics and modelling

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118388585
Total Pages : 4038 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set by : Jinyue Yan

Download or read book Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 6 Volume Set written by Jinyue Yan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 4038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Clean Energy Systems brings together an international team of experts to present a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems. Consolidating information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources, the handbook covers a broad range of topics in this interdisciplinary research field including both fossil and renewable energy systems. The development of intelligent energy systems for efficient energy processes and mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants is explored in depth, and environmental, social and economic impacts are also addressed. Topics covered include: Volume 1 - Renewable Energy: Biomass resources and biofuel production; Bioenergy Utilization; Solar Energy; Wind Energy; Geothermal Energy; Tidal Energy. Volume 2 - Clean Energy Conversion Technologies: Steam/Vapor Power Generation; Gas Turbines Power Generation; Reciprocating Engines; Fuel Cells; Cogeneration and Polygeneration. Volume 3 - Mitigation Technologies: Carbon Capture; Negative Emissions System; Carbon Transportation; Carbon Storage; Emission Mitigation Technologies; Efficiency Improvements and Waste Management; Waste to Energy. Volume 4 - Intelligent Energy Systems: Future Electricity Markets; Diagnostic and Control of Energy Systems; New Electric Transmission Systems; Smart Grid and Modern Electrical Systems; Energy Efficiency of Municipal Energy Systems; Energy Efficiency of Industrial Energy Systems; Consumer Behaviors; Load Control and Management; Electric Car and Hybrid Car; Energy Efficiency Improvement. Volume 5 - Energy Storage: Thermal Energy Storage; Chemical Storage; Mechanical Storage; Electrochemical Storage; Integrated Storage Systems. Volume 6 - Sustainability of Energy Systems: Sustainability Indicators, Evaluation Criteria, and Reporting; Regulation and Policy; Finance and Investment; Emission Trading; Modeling and Analysis of Energy Systems; Energy vs. Development; Low Carbon Economy; Energy Efficiencies and Emission Reduction. Key features: Comprising over 3,500 pages in 6 volumes, HCES presents a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems, consolidating a wealth of information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources. In addition to renewable energy systems, HCES also covers processes for the efficient and clean conversion of traditional fuels such as coal, oil and gas, energy storage systems, mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants, and the development of intelligent energy systems. Environmental, social and economic impacts of energy systems are also addressed in depth. Published in full colour throughout. Fully indexed with cross referencing within and between all six volumes. Edited by leading researchers from academia and industry who are internationally renowned and active in their respective fields. Published in print and online. The online version is a single publication (i.e. no updates), available for one-time purchase or through annual subscription.

ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND ADVANCED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES

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Publisher : PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 8194685176
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND ADVANCED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES by : VENKATESWARLU. K.

Download or read book ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND ADVANCED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES written by VENKATESWARLU. K. and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primarily intended for the undergraduate students of Automobile, Mechanical, Electrical, Aerospace engineering, and postgraduate students of Thermal Engineering and Energy Systems, the book presents the topics as per the outcome-based education system. In addition to the coverage of various alternative fuels considered for IC engines, special focus is emphasized on research findings in the field of alternative fuels and fuel additives including nano-additives. The stress is also given towards the exclusive coverage of advanced engine technologies such as CRDI engines, MPFI engines, GDI, HCCI and advanced energy technologies such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs), Solar Powered Vehicles. KEY FEATURES • A detailed discussion of the research findings in alternatives fuels for IC engines • 150+ Review questions • 200+ Multiple choice questions • PowerPoint slides for the instructors Target Audience • Undergraduate students of Automobile, Mechanical, Electrical, Aerospace engineering • Postgraduate students of Thermal engineering and Energy systems

Automotive Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines

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Publisher : SAE International
ISBN 13 : 0768008824
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Automotive Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines by : Fuquan Zhao

Download or read book Automotive Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines written by Fuquan Zhao and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2002-05-15 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the latest global technical initiatives in the rapidly progressing area of gasoline direct injection (GDI), spark-ignited gasoline engines and examines the contribution of each process and sub-system to the efficiency of the overall system. Including discussions, data, and figures from many technical papers and proceedings that are not available in the English language, Automotive Gasoline Direct Injection Systems will prove to be an invaluable desk reference for any GDI subject or direct-injection subsystem that is being developed worldwide.

Injection Technologies and Mixture Formation Strategies For Spark Ignition and Dual-Fuel Engines

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Publisher : SAE International
ISBN 13 : 1468603116
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (686 download)

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Book Synopsis Injection Technologies and Mixture Formation Strategies For Spark Ignition and Dual-Fuel Engines by : Alessandro Ferrari

Download or read book Injection Technologies and Mixture Formation Strategies For Spark Ignition and Dual-Fuel Engines written by Alessandro Ferrari and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2022-06-24 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel injection systems and performance is fundamental to combustion engine performance in terms of power, noise, efficiency, and exhaust emissions. There is a move toward electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce carbon emissions, but this is unlikely to be a rapid transition, in part due to EV batteries: their size, cost, longevity, and charging capabilities as well as the scarcity of materials to produce them. Until these isssues are resolved, refining the spark-ignited engine is necessary address both sustainability and demand for affordable and reliable mobility. Even under policies oriented to smart sustainable mobility, spark-ignited engines remain strategic, because they can be applied to hybridized EVs or can be fueled with gasoline blended with bioethanol or bio-butanol to drastically reduce particulate matter emissions of direct injection engines in addition to lower CO2 emissions. In this book, Alessandro Ferrari and Pietro Pizzo provide a full review of spark-ignited engine fuel injection systems. The most popular typologies of fuel injection systems are considered, with special focus on state-of-the-art solutions. Dedicated sections on the methods for air mass evaluation, fuel delivery low-pressure modules, and the specific subsystems for idle, cold start, and warm-up control are also included. The authors pay special attention to mixture formation strategies, as they are a fundamental theme for SI engines. An exhaustive overview of fuel injection technologies is provided, and mixture formation strategies for spark ignited combustion engines are considered. Fuel Injection Systems illustrates the performance of these systems and will also serve as a reference for engineers who are active in the aftermarket, offering detailed information on fuel injection system solutions that are mounted in older vehicles.

Fundamentals of Medium/Heavy Duty Diesel Engines

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Author :
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN 13 : 1284251985
Total Pages : 1895 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (842 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Medium/Heavy Duty Diesel Engines by : Gus Wright

Download or read book Fundamentals of Medium/Heavy Duty Diesel Engines written by Gus Wright and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 1895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly updated and expanded, Fundamentals of Medium/Heavy Diesel Engines, Second Edition offers comprehensive coverage of basic concepts and fundamentals, building up to advanced instruction on the latest technology coming to market for medium- and heavy-duty diesel engine systems.