Combustion Of Polymers In A Low Pressure And Low Oxygen Environment

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Combustion of Polymers in a Low Pressure and Low Oxygen Environment

Author : Mariusz Zarzecki
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Combustion of Polymers in a Low Pressure and Low Oxygen Environment by : Mariusz Zarzecki

Download or read book Combustion of Polymers in a Low Pressure and Low Oxygen Environment written by Mariusz Zarzecki and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of low pressure on the behavior of fires is very important to the study of fire safety in the aviation industry. This thesis explores the effect of low pressure on different components of flammability at low pressures, like those encountered at high altitude. An experiment was setup to measure the time to ignition, the mass flux at ignition, as well as the steady burning mass flux for different pressures and oxygen concentrations. The test measured the mass loss, oxygen consumption, soot production and average flame temperature. A square sample of PMMA was burned under different external heat fluxes, total pressures and oxygen concentrations. The experiments were compared to analytical expressions, to try to understand how pressure and oxygen concentration affect the behavior of a fire. Low pressure environment reduced the ignition delay time, indicating a sample is more prone to ignition at lower pressure. On the other hand the sample showed a reduction of steady burning mass flux, indicating the fire is less intense at lower pressure. The results show a good agreement with the analytical analysis.

Microgravity Effects on Combustion of Polymers

Author : David B. Hirsch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (455 download)

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Book Synopsis Microgravity Effects on Combustion of Polymers by : David B. Hirsch

Download or read book Microgravity Effects on Combustion of Polymers written by David B. Hirsch and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NASA Glenn Research Center conducted a cooperative program with the Russian Space Agency Keldysh Research Center, with technical support provided by NASA Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility, to investigate polymer combustion in ventilated microgravity in a small combustion tunnel operated on the orbital station Mir. Reported here are ground test results on flammability characteristics of the test materials for verification of the data and conclusions of the space measurements. It was found that very low forced convective flows can sustain polymer combustion in microgravity. Shutoff of the flow, however, is likely to suppress the combustion, particularly if the fire is in the incipient phase and the oxygen concentration is sufficiently low. Relative flammability rankings obtained in ground tests focusing on limiting oxygen index and cone calorimeter heat-release tests would not apply to microgravity environments if the ranking criterion is the minimum forced-flow velocity required for sustained combustion. Convective flows caused by buoyancy in the ground NASA STD 6001 Test 1 far exceeded the minimum forced convective flows required to sustain microgravity combustion. Results indicate that this test provided conservative results for the materials tested in microgravity by sustaining their combustion in less severe oxygen concentration and total pressure conditions than those in which extinguishment occurred in quiescent microgravity environments.

Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-enriched Atmospheres

Author : B. E. Newton
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 9780803134706
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-enriched Atmospheres by : B. E. Newton

Download or read book Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-enriched Atmospheres written by B. E. Newton and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2003 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Flammability and Sensitivity

Author :
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Flammability and Sensitivity by :

Download or read book Flammability and Sensitivity written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Oxygen Compatibility of Brass-Filled PTFE Compared to Commonly Used Fluorinated Polymers for Oxygen Systems

Author : Stephen D. Herald
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxygen Compatibility of Brass-Filled PTFE Compared to Commonly Used Fluorinated Polymers for Oxygen Systems by : Stephen D. Herald

Download or read book Oxygen Compatibility of Brass-Filled PTFE Compared to Commonly Used Fluorinated Polymers for Oxygen Systems written by Stephen D. Herald and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safe and reliable seal materials for high-pressure oxygen systems sometimes appear to be extinct species when sought out by oxygen systems designers. Materials that seal well are easy to find, but these materials are typically incompatible with oxygen, especially in cryogenic liquid form. This incompatibility can result in seals that leak, or much worse, seals that easily ignite and burn during use. Scientists at the Materials Combustion Research Facility (MCRF), part of NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, are constantly searching for better materials and processes to improve the safety of oxygen systems. One focus of this effort is improving the characteristics of polymers used in the presence of an oxygen enriched environment. Very few systems can be built which contain no polymeric materials; therefore, materials which have good impact resistance, low heat of combustion, high auto-ignition temperature, and those that maintain good mechanical properties are essential. The scientists and engineers at the MCRF, in cooperation with seal suppliers, are currently testing a new formulation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with brass filler. This brass-filled PTFE is showing great promise as a seal and seat material for high-pressure oxygen systems. Early research has demonstrated very encouraging results, which could rank this material as one of the best fluorinated polymers ever tested. This paper will compare the data obtained for brass-filled PTFE with other fluorinated polymers, such as TFE-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene 81, Viton® A, Viton® A-500, Fluorel®, and Algoflon®. A similar metal-filled fluorinated polymer, Salox-M®, was tested in comparison to brass-filled PTFE to demonstrate the importance of the metal chosen and relative percentage of filler. General conclusions on the oxygen compatibility of this formulation are drawn, with an emphasis on comparing and contrasting the materials performance to the performance of the current state-of-the-art oxygen compatible polymers.

Safe Use of Oxygen and Oxygen Systems

Author :
Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Safe Use of Oxygen and Oxygen Systems by :

Download or read book Safe Use of Oxygen and Oxygen Systems written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Combustion of Energetic Materials

Author : Kenneth K. Kuo
Publisher : Begell House Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1114 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Combustion of Energetic Materials by : Kenneth K. Kuo

Download or read book Combustion of Energetic Materials written by Kenneth K. Kuo and published by Begell House Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 1114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book contains state-of-the-art information associated with energetic material combustion. There are twelve topical areas, including: Reaction Kinetics of Energetic Materials (Solid, Liquid, and Gel Propellants); Recycling of Energetic Materials; Combustion Performance of Hybrid and Solid Rocket Motors; Ignition and Combustion of Energetic Materials; Energetic Material Defects and Rocket Engine Flowfields; Metal Combustion; Pyrolysis and Combustion Processes of New Ingredients and Applications; Theoretical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Combustion Processes of Energetic Materials; Combustion Diagnostic Techniques; Propellant and Rocket Motor Stability; Commercial Applications of Energetic Materials (Airbags, Gas Generators, etc.); and Thermal Insulation and Ablation Processes.

Advances in Chemical Engineering

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080565549
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Chemical Engineering by :

Download or read book Advances in Chemical Engineering written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1968 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Chemical Engineering

Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials

Author : Myer Kutz
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0323524737
Total Pages : 686 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (235 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials by : Myer Kutz

Download or read book Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials written by Myer Kutz and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials, Third Edition, explains how to measure, analyze and control environmental degradation for a wide range of industrial materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, concrete, wood and textiles exposed to environmental factors, such as weather, seawater, and fire. This updated edition divides the material into four new sections, Analysis and Testing, Types of Degradation, Protective Measures and Surface Engineering, then concluding with Case Studies. New chapters include topics on Hydrogen Permeation and Hydrogen Induced Cracking, Weathering of Plastics, the Environmental Degradation of Ceramics and Advanced Materials, Antimicrobial Layers, Coatings, and the Corrosion of Pipes in Drinking Water Systems. Expert contributors to this book provide a wealth of insider knowledge and engineering expertise that complements their explanations and advice. Case Studies from areas such as pipelines, tankers, packaging and chemical processing equipment ensure that the reader understands the practical measures that can be put in place to save money, lives and the environment. - Introduces the reader to the effects of environmental degradation on a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, concrete, wood and textiles - Describes the kind of degradation that effects each material and how best to protect it - Includes case studies that show how organizations, from small consulting firms, to corporate giants design and manufacture products that are more resistant to environmental effects

Essentials of Toxicology for Health Protection

Author : David Baker
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191646210
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Essentials of Toxicology for Health Protection by : David Baker

Download or read book Essentials of Toxicology for Health Protection written by David Baker and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essentials of Toxicology for Health Protection is ideal as both a course book for students and a handbook for field professionals involved in responding to chemical incidents and local environmental concerns. Produced by Health Protection England, it offers a comprehensive and structured approach to dealing with toxicological problems worldwide. The text covers both the basics of toxicology and its application to issues of topical concern such as contaminated land, food additives, and water and air pollution. Each chapter is written by an expert in the field, making Essentials of Toxicology for Health Protection essential reading for all professionals in environmental public health, including: health protection consultants, specialists and trainees; public health practitioners; environmental health practitioners; environmental scientists; and staff of the emergency services, the water and waste industries, and other industrial and regulatory bodies.

Selected Technical Papers: 1975-1979

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Selected Technical Papers: 1975-1979 by :

Download or read book Selected Technical Papers: 1975-1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials

Author : Krzysztof Pielichowski
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781859574980
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials by : Krzysztof Pielichowski

Download or read book Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials written by Krzysztof Pielichowski and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the thermal degradation of polymers is of paramount importance for developing a rational technology of polymer processing and higher-temperature applications. Controlling degradation requires understanding of many different phenomena, including chemical mechanisms, the influence of polymer morphology, the complexities of oxidation chemistry, and the effects of stabilisers, fillers and other additives. This book offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors requiring an understanding of the implications of thermal degradation on material and product performance.

Environmental Health Perspectives

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 844 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Health Perspectives by :

Download or read book Environmental Health Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Concise

Author : Herman F. Mark
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470073691
Total Pages : 1490 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Concise by : Herman F. Mark

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Concise written by Herman F. Mark and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-10-16 with total page 1490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The compact, affordable reference, revised and updated The Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Concise Third Edition provides the key information from the complete, twelve-volume Mark's Encyclopedia in an affordable, condensed format. Completely revised and updated, this user-friendly desk reference offers quick access to all areas of polymer science, including important advances in nanotechnology, imaging and analytical techniques, controlled polymer architecture, biomimetics, and more, all in one volume. Like the twelve-volume full edition, the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Concise Third Edition provides both SI and common units, carefully selected key references for each article, and hundreds of tables, charts, figures, and graphs.

Technical Abstract Bulletin

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 828 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Technical Abstract Bulletin by :

Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advanced Mine Ventilation

Author : Pramod Thakur
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081004583
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Mine Ventilation by : Pramod Thakur

Download or read book Advanced Mine Ventilation written by Pramod Thakur and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-23 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Mine Ventilation presents the reader with a unique book providing the theory and applications for designing mine ventilation with computers, controlling respirable coal dust and diesel particulate matter, combustible gas control and, mine fire management. The book summarizes the latest knowledge created in the past 40 years in these areas. Authored by an expert in the field with 50 years' experience, the book is a great combination of theory and applications. The mine ventilation section provides computer programs (both FORTRAN and C++) to calculate not only air quantities and pressure losses but also the concentration of any pollutant in all junctions and branches of the mine network. Small particle mechanics and dust control is covered in the second section of the book. The third section on combustible gas control discusses all aspects of mine gases from origin to control. The last section on mine fire control discusses spontaneous combustion, frictional ignitions, mine explosions, and mine sealing and recovery. The book is not only a very good reference book but also an excellent textbook for two graduate level courses in Mining Engineering. Provides the latest knowledge on the four related topics of mine environment control; that is, ventilation, dust, gas, and fire in a single volume Computer simulation of mine ventilation in both FORTRAN and C++ State-of-the-art respirable dust control Mine degasification and methane production from a coal lease Mine fire management